RU61808U1 - ROTARY HYDROTURBINE (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: micro and mini-power plants, obtaining mechanical energy, for example, for pumps. The essence of the model: a rotary hydraulic turbine, the axis of which is located along the stream, consists of several blades that are parts of the cylinder. It is a symmetrical design with a high efficiency. Additional blades have also been introduced into the design in the slots of the flow outflow, which makes it possible to enhance the effect of using the radial part of the effluent and - additional blades have been introduced into the bottom of the turbine, which improve the use of part of the axial flow of water. These hydraulic turbines are strung on a cable (shaft) in a known manner and are located along the course of a river or stream, which allows you to select the energy of the stream from its extended section.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to power plants and can be used to produce mechanical or electrical energy.

Known designs for a similar purpose, converting the energy of the water flow into rotational motion [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].

Such installations consist of rotor hydraulic turbines of various types, mounted on a shaft or cable, and located across the water flow, or with a small angle to it.

However, such devices do not make good use of the energy of the stream along its length, and to increase the power, several similar installations are placed across the stream.

In addition, such structures are ineffective in narrow-width streams when it is necessary to sum their energy over extended sections of a river or mountain stream.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a plane-parallel turbine Novikova Yu.M. [7], Fig.2b, on page 82, the text on page 84, containing a body of two half-cylinders displaced in diameter and attached on one side to the disk, and on the other to a diametrical stand. A cable fixed to the rack is passed along from this design. Several of these hydraulic turbines are mounted on

the cable, which is located along the stream, which allows you to select the energy of the stream at a considerable distance.

However, the prototype has the following disadvantages. The design of two semi-cylinders displaced in space is asymmetric, rotates with shock and vibration. To reduce them, the turbines must be installed on the cable in pairs with each offset relative to the rack of the adjacent turbine by 90 °. In addition, the energy of the outflow of the flow from the cracks tangentially to the diameter is used inefficiently, due to which the jet thrust from each hydraulic turbine is created, twisting the cable-shaft and actuating device, for example, an electric generator.

A disadvantage is the fact that part of the axial flow is not used. Since the fluid is practically incompressible, the part of the flow that does not extend into the radial slots abuts against the disk and prevents the entry of a new portion of water into the turbine. This part of the stream flows around the turbine from all sides at an increased speed and creates chaotic turbulences behind its bottom, which worsen the operation of the next in order of fixing the turbine to the cable.

Technical advantages of the claimed object in comparison with known devices are as follows:

- Increased to "n" pieces the number of blades - cylinder parts and the number of racks for their fastening, which made it possible to create a symmetrical structure that does not generate shock and vibration. In this case, there was no need to attach neighboring turbines on a cable in pairs and with a shift of 90 °. This is due to the fact that the center of the radius of each blade is displaced relative to the center of the casing (shell) of the turbine along its racks by the size of the slit of the flow outflow by a given angle.

- The blades of the hydraulic turbine can be made in the form of parallelograms, the short sides of which are attached to the disk and racks, and the long sides will form slots of the flow outflow

forming a cylinder, and along a helix that is part of a helicoid on the surface of the cylinder. Thus, the effective length of the flow slots increases, and the large force of the jet stream of the radial flow.

- The body (shell) of the turbine can be made of a continuous cylinder, and the blades are formed by cutouts on the surface of the cylinder and they are given a slope inward or outward of the cylinder. This still improves the symmetry of the structure, creates a smooth rotation and reduces turbulence, i.e. distortion of the main stream after its bottom.

- In the slots of the flow outlet, additional twisting blades are installed at a certain angle to the axis of the turbine, which allows more efficient use of part of the radial flow energy.

- Curved slots are made in the disk of the hydraulic turbine - windows forming auxiliary twisting blades for part of the axial flow that has not been used before and has flowed around the turbine.

These technical advantages make it possible to increase the power of a hydraulic turbine and improve the uniformity of its rotation in a wide range of water flow rates.

The combination of these technical advantages and create a positive effect of the claimed object.

In Fig.1 shows a hydraulic turbine (end view) for three blades (n = 3), and in Fig.2 for four blades (n = 4). Figure 3 shows the scan of the blade in the form of a parallelogram. Figure 4 is a scan of the cylinder with blades formed by cuts on its surface. Figure 5 shows (end view) a turbine from a cylinder with blades formed by cutouts and bent upward relative to its diameter, and additional blades are installed in the slot for the outflow of radial flow. Figure 6 shows (view from the disk side) additional curly slots (windows) for twisting part of the axial flow.

The rotary turbine has blades 1, on one side attached to the disk 2, and on the other, to the posts 3 and form its body (shell). Along the axis of the turbine through the holes in the center of intersection of the racks and through the hole in the disk passes the rope (shaft) attached to the racks (not shown in the figures). The centers of radius (R) for each of the blades are offset relative to the center along their racks by a predetermined size of the slots of the flow outflow, in which additional twisting blades 4 for the radial main flow are mounted at an angle to the axis of the turbine. Slots (windows) are made in the disk (bottom) of the turbine and auxiliary twisting blades 5 for axial flow are formed.

Rotary turbine operates as follows. The water flow, passing along the axis of the turbine, passes the strut 1 and rests against the bottom 2. Due to the pressure of continuously incoming water, excess pressure is created inside it and the water flows into the flow slots between adjacent blades, creating a reactive thrust tangentially to the circumference. In the figures, the effluent is shown by a dashed line, and the direction of rotation is indicated by an arrow from a solid line. Being attached to the cable, the turbine rotates the cable. Several turbines are attached along the cable length and their efforts are summed up, transmitting rotation, for example, to a generator.

To impart uniformity of rotation, in the General case, the number of blades can be "n" in figure 1, n = 3; figure 2, n = 4). Slots of the flow outlet are formed due to the displacement of the radius (R) of the blades relative to the center of rotation of the shell.

The blade may not be rectangular, but made in the form of a parallelogram. Sweep blades shown in figure 3. Its short sides are attached respectively to the disk and uprights, and the long sides will form slots of the flow outflow not in a straight line forming the cylinder, but in a helical line, which is part of the helicoid on the surface of the shell cylinder. Since the effective length of the slots of the outflow increases, the force of the jet stream increases.

The turbine shell may not be made of individual blades, but of a solid cylinder (its scan in figure 4). The blades 1 in this case are created by cuts and bending of the cutouts of the cylinder relative to the circumference inward or outward of the cylinders at the same angle (Fig. 5). Slots can be made both in a straight line - forming a cylindrical surface, and - at a given angle, forming parallelograms.

In the slots of the outflow of any of the proposed designs can be installed additional twisting blades 4 for radial flow and for part of the stream flowing around the turbine. Unlike the prototype, the jet stream from the slots of the turbine does not exit freely, but abuts against the blades 4 mounted at an angle to the axis of the turbine, and the streamlined part of the stream also creates additional torque to the turbine, abutting from the other side. This increases the efficiency of the turbine from the use of radial flow energy and part of the flow energy.

In the prototype, the part of the flow that did not enter the turbine, flowing around it, created chaotic turbulences behind the disk (behind this part) of the turbine, worsening the dynamic working conditions for the next in order turbine. Partially this effect is eliminated by installing blades. In addition, at the suggestion of the author, additional curly slots (windows) were made in the disk, forming auxiliary twisting blades 5 for the axial flow, part of the energy of which was not previously used. The part of the axial flow that flows along the axis of the turbine through these windows also reduces the chaotic turbulence behind its bottom, which improves the parameters of the turbine. The blades of this part can be made both by bending at a given angle of the part of the slot (window), and by installing additional deflecting plates.

For comparative tests, a prototype of the turbine was made according to the prototype of two half-cylinders with a diameter of 120 mm, a length of 240 mm,

a gap in the slit of the expiration of 10 mm and - layouts of the author with the same geometric dimensions. The tests were carried out at a flow velocity of 1.5 m / s by measuring the angular speed of rotation at idle, without load.

As a result of laboratory tests, it was found that the author’s design according to claim 1 of the formula (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) gives an increase in the number of revolutions of 8 ... 10%, according to claim 2 of the formula (a shell from parallelograms, FIG. 3) gives an increase of 3 ... 5%, according to claim 3 of the formula without installing additional blades 10 ... 12%. The installation of additional blades in the flow slots in any of the structures gave an increase in the number of revolutions of 12 ... 15%, in the disk - 5 ... 8%.

It is clear that for each of the structures, an individually optimal combination of the geometric dimensions of the hydraulic turbine, the dimensions of the flow slots and additional twisting blades should be determined.

Tests have confirmed that such turbines can find wide application in the creation of micro and mini hydroelectric power plants for autonomous use.

Sources of information taken into account when preparing the application:

1. B.V.Kazhinsky. Free-flow hydroelectric power of low power. Under. ed. Berga, issue 57, Moscow, 1950, p. 31, rotary turbine of the B.V. Kazhinsky system (analogue).

2. B.V. Kazhinsky. Free-flow hydroelectric power of low power. Under. ed. Berg, issue 57, Moscow, 1950, p. 33, rotor turbine of the Ugrinsky system. (analogue).

3. Description of the invention to the patent Popova A.I. No. 2246634 "Rotor".

(analogue).

4. Description of the invention for a utility model Popov A.I. No. 0031151, "Rotary wind turbine", (analog).

5. Description of the invention to the copyright certificate Blinova BS No. 153883 "Free-flow hydraulic power plant", (analog).

6. Description of the invention to the copyright certificate Blinova BS No. 175906. "Free-flow hydraulic power plant", (analog).

7. Yu.M. Novikov. Opportunities of damless hydroelectric power stations. Scientific and technical collection "Energy and Ecology", p.81, Res. Editor Nakorekov V.E., Novosibirsk, 1988. Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS. (prototype).

Claims (4)

1. A rotary hydraulic turbine containing a casing formed of blades attached on one side to a disk with a diameter offset to form flow out slots, and on the other hand, the blades are attached to the uprights, with the latter connected to a cable-shaft passed along the axis of the turbine through the disk, characterized in that the number of blades-parts of the cylinder at the shell and the number of racks are increased to “n” pieces, where “n” is 3 or more than three, while the center of radius of each blade is offset from the center of rotation of the shell by its racks by 3 The given size of the slots of the flow. 2. The rotary hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that additional twisting blades for radial flow are installed in the flow out slots at a certain angle to the turbine axis, and additional curly slots are made in the disk to form auxiliary twisting blades for axial flow. 3. A rotary hydraulic turbine containing a shell, one side attached to the disk, blades and racks, the latter connected to a cable shaft passed along the axis of the turbine through the disk, characterized in that the shell is made in the form of a cylinder, and the blades are formed by cutouts on the surface of the cylinder moreover, they are given with respect to the circle an equal slope inward or outward of the cylinder. 4. The rotary hydraulic turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that additional twisting blades for radial flow are installed at a certain angle to the turbine axis in the flow outlets, and additional curly slots are made in the disk to form auxiliary twisting blades for axial flow.