RU61793U1 - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH SWING PISTON - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to internal combustion engines with oscillating working bodies. Improving the basic parameters of the engine is achieved by combining in the design the positive qualities inherent in the engine with a crank mechanism and the engine with oscillating working bodies. For this, the reciprocating movement of the piston in the sleeve is replaced by the reciprocating movement of the vane piston in the cavity representing a sector of the surface of the body of revolution.

Description

The invention relates to volumetric machines with oscillating working bodies, in particular to internal combustion engines.

A known classic scheme of a reciprocating internal combustion engine containing a cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft.

Also, a significant number of projects of engines with oscillating working bodies are known. The proposed conversion mechanisms are swinging (patent RU No. 2051276, IPC F 01C 9/00, 1994) or a rotary-rotating (patent RU No. 2159334, IPC F 01 C 1/063, 2002) motion of the blades into rotational motion of the output shaft more complex, and therefore less reliable than the crank mechanism. In any mechanism that provides swinging of the blade, loads similar in magnitude to the loads occur in the crank mechanism of the piston engine.

The rotors have several blades (patent RU No. 2080453, IPC F 01 C 9/00, 1997), therefore, a large moment of inertia, which will inevitably lead to the occurrence of loads in the drive mechanisms significantly exceeding the loads in the piston engine.

The cantilever arrangement of the blades relative to the central shaft (for example, the internal combustion engine patent RU, No. 2191 275, IPC F 02 B 53/00, 2002) during operation creates significant alternating loads at the fixing point. In operating modes in which the rotary engine could compete with the piston engine in power, the blades will be quickly destroyed.

A common problem with piston and rotary engines is to ensure that the combustion chamber is sealed. In a piston engine, this is relatively

simply and reliably solved by the use of piston rings. However, the problems that arise in ensuring the operability of this seal significantly limit the possibility of forcing piston engines in revolutions. Rotor sealing requires more complex solutions.

The advantage of rotary engines with oscillating working bodies is the possibility of using non-contact seals.

The assumed better balance of rotary engines compared to piston engines is not a fundamental advantage, since the actual designs of multi-cylinder engines have a balance that is satisfactory for practical purposes.

Thus, we can conclude that the proposed design of rotary engines with pumping working bodies are not able to work at speeds characteristic of modern piston engines, therefore, can not compete with them in power. On the other hand, in these engines it is possible to use a non-contact labyrinth seal of the combustion chamber.

The closest in design is the engine according to patent RU No. 20077588, IPC F 01 C 9/00, 1994)

In this engine, the crank mechanism is used in the drive and the method of connecting the connecting rod and rotor is more correctly selected compared to other projects. However, the connecting rod drives a massive piston. This piston is actually a movable sleeve. It is almost impossible to process a working surface of this shape with the necessary accuracy and cleanliness. The engine has cooling problems as part of the combustion chamber is located inside the housing. The issues of sealing the combustion chamber are not considered.

The objective of the invention is to improve the basic parameters of the engine.

The problem is solved by combining in the design the positive qualities inherent in an engine with a crank mechanism and an engine with oscillating working bodies. For this, the reciprocating movement of the piston in the sleeve is replaced by the reciprocating movement of the vane piston in the cavity representing a sector of the surface of the body of revolution.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in an internal combustion engine with a swinging piston comprising a crankcase housing with a working chamber, a vane piston, a crankshaft, a connecting rod and a head installed in them, the working chamber is a limited sector of the surface of the rotation body, while the connecting rod is connected with a crankshaft, directly connected to the piston, the piston being able to be cooled by means of a coolant supplied to the piston, the amount of which is regulated depending on the size of the gap the space between the piston and the surface of the working chamber, and the cheeks of the crankshaft are cylindrical, while the crankcase is designed so that the gap between the crankcase and the cheeks of the crankshaft is minimal, in addition, the surface of the generatrix of the working chamber has a rectangular shape, with rounded corners, or a semicircular shape, and the seal of the working chamber is labyrinthine.

figure 1 - shows a cross section of the engine;

figure 2 is a rectangular shape of the generatrix of the working chamber;

figure 3 is a rectangular shape of the generatrix of the working chamber with rounded corners;

figure 4 is a semicircular shape of the generatrix of the working chamber;

figure 5 is a section aa;

figure 6 is a view of B;

7 is an example of a V-shaped engine

The proposed engine can be made single-section, in-line, V-shaped, star-shaped. In addition, it can be 2-and 4-stroke, diesel, carburetor or: with fuel injection.

An internal combustion engine, for example, a single-section one, contains a crankcase housing 1 with a working chamber, a swinging vane piston 2 located on the axis 3, a crankshaft 4, a connecting rod 5 and a head 6 located therein.

The crankcase 1 contains an upper block - a crankcase 7 and a lower crankcase 8.

The working chamber can be obtained by boring the housing 1, made of aluminum or other alloys, since the requirements for wear resistance of the material are removed. The requirements for surface finish are moderate. All this simplifies and reduces the cost of construction.

The working chamber is made in the form of a limited sector of the surface of the body of revolution, and its form 9 forms a rectangular surface. In the manufacture of the working chamber by boring, it is possible to use various surfaces, for example, a rectangular shape 10 with rounded corners or a semicircular shape 11, as a generatrix.

Unlike rotary engines with oscillating working bodies, the proposed engine design, for example, a multi-section one, uses a single oscillating piston 2 and a limited sector of the surface of the rotation body in each section, while the connecting rod 5 is connected directly to the piston 2 through the pin 12, which allows to obtain a minimum mass piston and unload it from bending stresses.

The sealing of the working chamber of the engine is carried out using a labyrinth or gap seal.

In a piston engine, the sleeve-piston pair has two functions — sealing the working chamber and the role of guides. In the proposed design, these functions are separated. Sliding friction in conditions of insufficient lubrication occurring in a pair of liner-piston is replaced by rolling friction

when using, for example, tapered bearings in a vane piston support.

Since in a piston engine friction of the piston and piston rings accounts for from 40 to 60% of mechanical losses, the application of this solution leads to a significant increase in the mechanical and overall efficiency of the engine. There is the possibility of forcing the engine in revolutions, increasing the life of the engine.

The effectiveness of the labyrinth seal depends on the gap in the pair of sleeve - piston. The size of this gap for an engine with a displacement of about 0.5 liters per cylinder should be in the range of 0.06-0.03 mm. The size of the gap has a significant effect on engine operation mainly at low speeds. In the process, it is possible to control this gap by changing the amount of coolant supplied to the vane piston 2, the role of which is the oil of the lubrication system. To do this, it is necessary to directly measure the gap, determine the gap by measuring the temperature of the piston 2 and the walls of the combustion chamber, or by the pressure of the gases breaking into the crankcase 1. It is advisable to thermally insulate the bottom of the piston 2, this will reduce the amount of heat that needs to be removed from the piston 2.

The presence of crankcase gases is characteristic of a piston engine. According to the number of crankcase gases, the proposed engine can correspond to a piston engine with little wear. The use of direct injection, forcing the engine in revolutions, and the use of supercharging minimize losses from leaks.

To prevent the ingress of oil from the main bearings of the crankshaft 4 into the crankcase 1, the cheeks 13 of the crankshaft 4 are cylindrical, and the crankcase 7 is bored so that the gap between the cheeks 13 and the crankcase 4 does not exceed 0.1 mm. To do this, in the upper crankcase 7 with a short connecting rod 5, it is necessary to install a half ring 14, since when processing the combustion chamber, the material of the crankcase 7 is removed in this place

to exit the cutting tool. An engine with a specific connecting rod length 5 is not necessary. The cavity 15 through the channel 16 is connected to an oil separator, which in turn is connected to the inlet pipe 17. The gas flow rate in the annular gap 18 can reach 40-50 m / s, which eliminates the penetration of oil through the gap 18. It is possible to seal by other known methods, for example, by applying oil-siding threads to the surface of cheek 13.

The connecting rod bearing 19 is sealed by a lip seal 20 inserted into a recess on the cheek 13 of the crankshaft 4. The sleeve 20 is split so as to enable assembly. When working between the cuff 20 and the surface of the connecting rod 5, a gap is formed along which gases also break into the annular cavity 21 connected by the channel 22 with the cavity 15. Oil from the connecting rod bearing 19 under the influence of centrifugal forces and gas flow is ejected into the cavity 15. On the end surfaces of the connecting rod 5, a protrusion 23 is made from which the oil under the action of centrifugal forces breaks and falls onto the surface of the sleeve 20, and not into the gap between the sleeve 20 and the connecting rod 5 .

The bearing in the upper connecting rod head and the piston axis are sealed with conventional seals, since there are no high linear velocities in the area of operation of these seals.

Oil, if it enters the space under the piston, is removed through calibrated holes 24.

The engine has a high degree of unification with piston engines. Most systems remain unchanged or require minor modifications. Thermodynamic and strength calculations are applicable to the engine. By balance, the engine corresponds to a piston engine, although there are some obvious differences.

Based on this solution, it is possible to manufacture an adiabatic engine. The manufacture of an adiabatic engine based on a piston engine requires the use of materials with heat resistance and low thermal conductivity

and high wear resistance at high temperatures. It is necessary to use oils operating at high temperatures. In the proposed scheme, there is no lubrication, the wear resistance requirement disappears, which essentially simplifies the task. The problem can be solved by applying appropriate coatings to the surface of the combustion chamber and piston.

Thus, the engine according to the proposed scheme has a high mechanical efficiency, high power due to the possibility of using increased revolutions, can be the basis for creating an adiabatic engine.

Claims (4)

1. An internal combustion engine with a swinging piston, comprising a housing of a crankcase with a working chamber, a blade piston, a crankshaft, a connecting rod and a head installed in them, characterized in that the working chamber is made in the form of a limited sector of the surface of the rotation body, the connecting rod connected with the crankshaft is directly connected to the piston, which can be cooled by means of coolant supplied to the piston, the amount of which is regulated depending on the size of the gap between the piston and the work surface the eyes of the chamber, the cheeks of the crankshaft are cylindrical and installed with a gap in the crankcase, and the seal of the working chamber is made labyrinth. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the generatrix of the working chamber has a rectangular shape. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the generatrix of the working chamber has a rectangular shape with rounded corners. 4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the generatrix of the working chamber has a semicircular shape.