RU61631U1 - DEVICE FOR GRINDING NON-METAL MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to means for grinding and processing materials, including for the disintegration of various materials and can be used in various industries for waste processing. Pulp - crushed material 2 with the working fluid 5 through the pump 3 fall into the chamber 1. The processing tool 9 rotates on the axis 11 with the help of the engine 10 and grinds non-metallic material. The pulp is driven into a complex rotational movement, organized by beveling the edges of the processing tool and ribs 12. The linear speed of the processing tool 9 and, therefore, the collision speed of the crushed material with cutting edges is at least 20 m / s. The crushed material, being mixed, enters the sieve 13 and through the valve 14 enters the sieve 17, and the working fluid passes through the sieve 17 and remains at the bottom of the tank 16. The crushed particles 15 are subsequently collected.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to means for grinding and processing materials, including for the disintegration of various materials, mainly polymeric materials, and can be used in various industries for waste processing.

State of the art

Utilization and recycling of materials is one of the most urgent tasks in modern science and technology.

A known method of processing a polymer material and a device for its implementation (RF patent N 2173635). A method of processing a polymeric material includes squeezing the material and subsequent exposure to shear stress in the presence of pressure. The device for processing polymer material contains a cylindrical body equipped with loading and unloading openings, inside of which a sealing auger with spiral grooves is located on the surface in the sealing zone, and in the grinding zone there is a rotor made in the form of a body of revolution and mounted coaxially with the inner surface of the housing, with the formation an annular gap relative to it, with the possibility of rotation.

A device for grinding various materials, including waste rubber, is also known (RF patent N 2172244). The device contains installed in the housing parallel to each other, with the possibility of counter rotation shafts with grinding elements. The latter are made in the form of gear discs with distance bushings. Under the discs there is a grill. Abrasive elements are rigidly fixed on its inner surface. Their lateral surfaces and the surfaces of the gear discs are notched.

A device for processing and processing materials is also known (RF patent N 2162410), which contains a housing with nozzles for inputting raw material and outputting finished products, inside of which a processing tool connected to a drive is mounted on the shaft, the surface of the processing tool being formed by a set of cutting edges. Between adjacent cutting edges there are made channels deepened in the body of the processing tool, the cavities of which are connected with the medium source under pressure through the figured channels. The angle of attack of the cutting edges is selected between 85-95 °, the drive power is 100-300 kW and the tool speed

3000-12000 rpm selected.

A device for cryogenic grinding of plastics is also known (RF patent N 2153416), which contains a loading hopper, a cooling chamber, a metering screw for feeding material from the cooling chamber to the mill, a collector of the finished material and a fan for removing liquid nitrogen formed from the evaporation from the system.

A device for grinding used tires is also known (RF patent N 2143950). The device comprises a pulse current generator, a cryostat filled with cryostat, located inside the cryostat and taking the form of a tire surface, a perforated cassette with a needle electrode system and an internal electrode. The inner electrode is connected to the perforated cassette, and each of the needle electrodes is electrically isolated and connected to the pulse current generator by a coaxial cable.

A known method of wet grinding of solid material (RF patent N 2077133) is the introduction of a liquid dispersant (water), characterized in that during 15-100% of the grinding time, the process is carried out at 95-115 ° C and an overpressure of 1.2 atm.

Also known is a jet-vortex chamber (RF patent N 2118911). In a jet-vortex chamber containing a housing, a tangential inlet pipe and a medium outlet pipe, which are located on the side wall of the housing, while the inlet and outlet pipes are made along the entire length of the housing wall.

A device for grinding plastic waste is also known (RF patent N 2116196), in which a set of knives is made in the form of circular knives of different diameters (alternately large and small). The fixed knife is made stepwise. The protrusions and depressions are matched respectively with circular knives of small and large diameters. The reefs and valleys of the rollers have a special profile in the form of a second-order curve for the formation of a polymer web from the crushed waste fed to the mill.

A drum crusher is also known (RF patent N 2100083), which contains a bath with water and a working body with electrodischarge electrodes located inside it, loading or unloading windows, the working body is made in the form of perforated drums placed in opposite directions, provided with spikes, placed in each other, located on the inner and outer surfaces of the inner drum and on the inner surface of the outer drum.

A chopper is also known (RF patent N 2089293), consisting of a housing with a loading hopper in the upper part and a calibrating grate in the lower one. Fixed knives are fixed in the housing at an angle to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The rotor is made in the form of a polyhedron with mutually perpendicular large and smaller faces, the larger of which is made with a recess.

Known chopper (RF patent N 2071380) for processing materials of low hardness. The chopper contains a cylindrical housing 1 with a loading window 2 and a screw 3 mounted therein. The housing at the grinding site is made in the form of a set of annular knives 4 mounted in vertical bars 5 with grooves 8 delimiting the knives with gaps, while the screw is placed in the cavity set of knives.

A device for electro-hydraulic crushing, grinding and regeneration of materials is known (RF patent N 1378124). The device contains a technological tank, inside of which there is a discharge and additional loading chambers formed by horizontal plates, in which holes are made, forming in the set the internal cavity of the discharge chamber and the internal cavity of the loading chamber, respectively.

A wet grinding mill is also known, containing several rollers driven by motors and located in the chamber (UK patent N 1468781).

A device for grinding rubber is known (US application N 2004251336). The device includes a feed pipe, a grinding mechanism, a conveyor and a vacuum system, the grinding mechanism being surrounded by a cooling circuit.

Known chopper having at least one perforated disk and knives mounted on the disk, and the device contains a preliminary chopper mounted axially relative to the disk (UK patent N 1249919).

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are:

- low efficiency of grinding materials, in particular polymers containing pores;

- low heat transfer, sometimes leading to the melting of the crushed material;

- inefficient heat removal from the processed material;

- insufficient intensive mixing;

- high resistance when moving the processing tool;

- insufficient heat transfer;

- low environmental friendliness.

Utility Model Disclosure

The purpose of the utility model is to create a stable process for grinding non-metallic materials, in particular polymer waste. Using a technical solution allows to reduce energy consumption, increase plant productivity, environmental friendliness of the process and the quality of the resulting product. The technical solution allows to simplify the design and improve the operational characteristics of the device, and also makes it possible to obtain a narrow fraction of the crushed material, has high reliability and is economical. The technical solution expands the range of recyclable materials and increases the grinding efficiency.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for grinding non-metallic materials containing a chamber with the ability to enter the crushed material and the output of the crushed product is placed, with the possibility of rotation, a processing tool, and in the process of grinding the material is fully or partially located in the working fluid, while the speed the collision of the crushed material with the edges of the processing tool is at least 20 m / s, and the processing tool is made with cutting and / or chopping edges.

This goal is also achieved by the fact that the processing tool is made in the form of knives mounted on a shaft and connected with the drive, and the knives are made with asymmetric sharpening of the edges. This goal is also achieved by the fact that the rotation speed of the processing tool selected 5000-25000 rpm This goal is also achieved by the fact that the cutting edges of the processing tool are made with bevels in opposite directions to organize mixing. This goal is also achieved by the fact that on the inner surface of the chamber there are guide ribs installed against the direction of movement of the working fluid. This goal is also achieved by the fact that a sieve is located inside the chamber, dividing the inner chamber space into 2 parts containing crushed material and crushed material.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The inventive utility model is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a continuous cycle plant, Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a processing tool, and Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a discrete cycle plant.

A device for grinding non-metallic materials contains a chamber 1 (Fig. 1) with particles of crushed material 2 (for example, foam particles with dimensions of about 20 mm), a pump 3, a container 4 containing a working fluid 5 (for example, water) with particles of crushed material 2 The camera 1 is a container made with the possibility of loading and unloading material. The pump is connected to the particle intake (not shown in the figure) using a hose 6 attached to a float 7 and a hose 8 connected to the chamber 1. In the chamber 1 there is a processing tool 9 with cutting and / or cutting edges, made, for example, in in the form of knives, and the edges of the cutting tool have an asymmetrical bevel (Figure 2). The processing tool 9 (Fig. 1) is connected to the engine 10 by means of a shaft 11. Between the bottom of the chamber 1 and the shaft 11 there is a seal (not shown in the figure). On the side walls of the chamber there are guide ribs 12 installed at an angle less than or equal to 90 degrees with respect to the plane of rotation of the processing tool 9. In the chamber 1 there is a sieve 13 for separating the crushed material 2, and at the bottom of the chamber 1 there is an exhaust valve (crane) 14 The crushed material 15 is located in the container 16 and accumulates on the collection sieve 17. The liquid 18 is located in the tank 19, in which there is a pump 20 connected to the chamber 1 by means of a hose 21. At the bottom of the chamber 1 there is a drain valve 22 with a filter 23. Sensor A liquid level IR 24 is located on the wall of the chamber 1. The chamber 1 is made with loading and unloading holes for inputting the starting material and outputting the finished product. As the working fluid 5, a cryogenic liquid, for example liquid nitrogen, can be used.

Utility Model Embodiments

Continuous cycle option.

The crushed material 2, for example, particles of rubber or foam rubber (with a maximum size of not more than 30 mm), fill the tank 4 with the working fluid 5 (figure 1). The supply of the crushed material 2 with the working fluid 5 is carried out using a pump 3 from the tank 4. If the particles of the crushed material 2 have a lower density than the working fluid 5, they are near the surface and they are sucked by the hose 6 connected to the float 7. Pulp - crushed material 2 s

working fluid 5 through the pump 3 enter the chamber 1 through the hose 8. In the chamber is placed a processing tool 9 with cutting and / or chopping edges, made, for example, in the form of knives (cutting effect) or thin plates with blunt edges (chopping effect). The processing tool 9 is mounted on the shaft 11, rotates with the motor 10 and grinds non-metallic material 2. The pulp is driven into a complex rotational movement, organized by beveling the edges of the cutting tool 9 and / or ribs 12. The spatial movement is organized only by beveling the edges of the processing tool 9 leads to a decrease in hydrodynamic drag. The linear speed of the processing tool 9, and therefore, the collision speed of the crushed material with the cutting edges is at least 20 m / s. The edges of the processing tool 9 have an asymmetrical bevel (Figure 2), and are installed with a bevel up or down, for example, some of the knives are installed with a bevel up, and some with a bevel down. This edge geometry provides intensive pulp mixing. The rotation speed of the processing tool 9 can vary from 4000 to 20,000 rpm. The processing tool 9 can also be connected to the engine 10 by means of an overdrive (for example, gear or belt, not shown in the figure). Between the chamber 1 and the axis 11 have a seal (not shown in the figure).

The crushed material, mixing, gets onto a sieve 13, and if the size of the crushed particles 15 is less than a predetermined value (for example, 0.05 mm), then they pass through a sieve 13 and through a tap (valve) 14 onto a sieve 17, for example, the hole sizes are 10 micrometers and remain on the surface of the sieve 17, and the working fluid passes through the sieve 17 and remains at the bottom of the tank 16. The crushed particles 15 are collected and used, for example, added to the polyol and the composition is used to produce foam rubber. The working fluid 5 using a pump (not shown) can be pumped into tanks 4 and / or 19, thereby forming a closed production cycle. In addition to taking the pulp from the tank 4, they additionally organize the intake of the working fluid 5 from the tank 19 using the pump 20 into the chamber 1. The level of the working fluid is determined using a level sensor 24 and is regulated by a valve 22 with a filter 23 having openings smaller than the size of the crushed particles 15. As the working fluid 5, for example, water, polyol or cryogenic fluid is used. To increase process efficiency

grinding fill the volume of the crushed material (for example, foam rubber) with the working fluid (water) in the tank 4 and / or chamber 1, also adjust the ratio of gas (air) and working fluid 5 in the chamber 1 during the grinding process. The working fluid 5 and / or 18 is cooled before it is fed into the chamber 1. Gas, for example, ozone, is blown into the chamber space (equipment for injection is not shown). The holes of the sieve 13 are cleaned, for example, creating a countercurrent. To increase the grinding efficiency, a cavitation mode is organized during the grinding of the material.

Discrete cycle option.

A method of grinding non-metallic materials, including feeding the starting product into chamber 1, grinding the particles of the starting product, and discharging the ground product with a discrete cycle. Crushed material 2 fill the tank 4 with the working fluid 5 (figure 3). The supply of the crushed material 2 with the working fluid 5 is carried out using a pump 3 from the tank 4. If the particles of the crushed material 2 have a lower density than the working fluid 5, then they are on the surface and they are sucked by the hose 6 connected to the float 7. Pulp - crushed material 2 with the working fluid 5 through the pump 3 enter the chamber 1 through the hose 8. The processing tool 9 is driven into rotation by the engine 10 and connected with it using the axis 11. The pulp is driven into a complex rotational movement, organized by Spit flat edges of the machining tool 9 and ribs 12. Depending on the required quantity of crushed material is controlled during operation of the machining tool 9. The milling time depends on the type and geometry of the material, and milling is continued until a final product with the desired degree of dispersion, for example 100 microns. After grinding, the material through the valve 14 enters the sieve 17, where it remains, and the working fluid passes through the sieve 17 and remains at the bottom of the tank 16. To increase productivity, a liquid supply is organized that flushes the crushed material in the direction of valve 14 (the process is not shown in the figures ) To increase the efficiency of the grinding process, fill the volume of the crushed material (for example, foam rubber) with the working fluid (water) in the tank 4 and / or chamber 1, and also adjust the ratio of gas (air) and the working fluid 5 in the chamber 1 during the grinding process. Subsequently, the crushed material is removed from the sieve 17 and, if necessary, dried. Also, after grinding, additional separation of materials and fractionation of powder particles are performed. Guide ribs can be mounted on the walls of the chamber 1 and / or the bottom

cameras 1. The surface of the processing tool is formed by a set of cutting edges. The angle of attack of the cutting edges is selected in the range of 65-155 °, the drive power is 5-30 kW and the tool rotation speed is selected at 3000-20000 rpm. The shaft 11 with the processing tool 9 can be located both vertically (Figure 1) and horizontally (not shown in the figures). With a horizontal arrangement of the shaft 11 can be implemented grinding in a liquid-gas medium. The crushed non-metallic material can be reinforced with a metal cord. For processing, for example, used tires with metal cord can be used.

Option using cryogenic fluid.

A method of grinding non-metallic materials, including the supply of the starting product 2 to the chamber 1 (figure 3). The crushed material 2 is filled into the chamber 1. Through the chamber 1 and the crushed material 2, cryogenic liquid 18 is pumped from the tank 19. The crushed material 2 becomes brittle under the action of low temperature. The processing tool 9 is driven into rotation by the engine 10. The crushed material 2 is driven into a complex rotational movement. Depending on the required size of the crushed material, the operating time of the processing tool 9 is regulated. The grinding time depends on the type and geometry of the material, and grinding is continued until the finished product with the desired degree of dispersion, for example 500 microns, is obtained. After grinding, the material is removed from the chamber 1.

Industrial applicability

When analyzing the utility model for compliance with the “novelty” criterion, it was revealed that some of the features of the claimed population are new, therefore, the utility model meets the “novelty” criterion.

By means of the proposed device, a result was achieved that meets long-standing needs (it allows to reduce energy consumption, increase plant productivity, environmental friendliness of the process, the quality of the resulting product, allows you to get a narrow fraction of the crushed material, etc.).

The utility model can be used in industry, can be replicated and, therefore, meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The advantages of the proposed technical solution are to create optimal operating conditions that best suit the operating conditions of the grinding plant.

Claims (9)

1. A device for grinding non-metallic materials, comprising a chamber with the possibility of introducing the crushed material and output of the crushed product, in which the processing tool with cutting edges is placed rotatably, characterized in that the chamber contains a working fluid in which the crushed material is completely or partially placed, moreover, the processing tool is configured to collide the crushed material with the edges of the processing tool at least 20 m / s. 2. The device for grinding non-metallic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing tool is made in the form of knives mounted on a shaft and connected to the drive, and the knives are made with asymmetric sharpening of the edges. 3. The device for grinding non-metallic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation speed of the processing tool is selected 5000-25000 rpm 4. The device for grinding non-metallic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting edges of the processing tool are made with bevels in opposite directions for organizing mixing. 5. The device for grinding non-metallic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner surface of the chamber there are guide ribs mounted at an angle in the direction of movement of the working fluid. 6. The device for grinding non-metallic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that a sieve is located inside the chamber, dividing the inner space of the chamber into 2 parts containing crushed material and crushed material. 7. The device for grinding non-metallic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing tool is attached to the shaft, and the shaft is mounted horizontally or vertically. 8. The device for grinding non-metallic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that water is used as the working fluid. 9. The device for grinding non-metallic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that a cryogenic liquid is used as the working fluid.