RU57098U1 - HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR ERGODYNAMOMETRIC AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine and sport, and in particular to devices for integrated express-assessment of the functional state of the human body and can be used in the physiology of labor and sports, as well as for solving research and applied problems of adaptive, sports, professional and clinical medicine.

The technical result of the utility model is the expansion of the functionality and areas of application of the complex, increasing the accuracy, reproducibility and objectivity of research results, as well as the availability and productivity of research procedures implemented with this help.

The hardware of the complex contains two arbitrarily modifiable for solving specific research problems similar load spring mechanisms, each of which is equipped with a force sensor and a converter of mechanical displacements of the loading platforms into an equivalent electrical signal made in the form of a pair of a permanent magnet and a Hall sensor, a device for recording the spatial position of the load spring mechanisms during testing, sensors of the functions of vegetative support systems I, DC amplifiers and electrical biosignals, electrically connected through a multi-channel ADC with inputs of external asynchronous PC ports.

The software part of the complex includes visualization programs adapted to modern PCs on the monitor screen for the spatial position of the spring loading mechanisms of the relative restrictive rods and for the movement of both light position indicators

loading platforms relative to each other with active physical impact on them according to rigid algorithms with the ability to select several modes of ergodynamic and psychophysiological studies using the hardware of the complex, as well as mathematical and statistical processing of frequency, amplitude, time and speed parameters of the recorded parameters with the possibility of automatic compilation individual integral psychophysiological profile of a person.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine and sport, and in particular to devices for integrated express-assessment of the functional state of the human body and can be used in the physiology of labor and sports, as well as for solving research and applied problems of adaptive, sports, professional and clinical medicine.

Known ergodynamic devices for determining physiological parameters - the maximum strength, quantity and power of the work performed within 1-3 s, characterizing the alactate mechanism of energy generation during muscle movements in the isotonic mode - isometric dynamometers, including hand dynamometers, isotonic mode - isotonic dynamometers or in isokinetic mode - isokinetic dynamometers [1, 2, 3, 4]. All types of these devices have significant drawbacks. Isometric dynamometers allow you to measure muscle strength, but do not allow you to measure work power, because isometric contractions do not perform mechanical work, since there is no movement of loading platforms during testing. Modern isotokinetic and isotonic dynamometers, in contrast to isometric dynamometers, allow you to measure not only strength, but also work, and the power of muscle contractions performed in one case with constant speeds, and in the other with constant force to the limit of the technical capabilities inherent in the design specific dynamometer. However, despite this, a significant limitation to their use is the fact that the test results are of limited use, since

most types of sports exercises are performed neither in purely isometric, nor in purely isotonic or isokinetic modes. Meanwhile, the auxotonic regimen is most characteristic for the natural activity of skeletal muscles, in which not only the muscular traction force changes, but also the angle of the joint providing a specific movement, as a result of which the shoulder of the traction force changes, and at the same time, the developed force and the speed of movement change . There are great restrictions on their use for testing muscles that provide mobility of various joints, since the real strength and real speed of any, including sports, movement varies according to purely individual relationships throughout the range of motion in a particular joint.

All this necessitated the development of a fundamentally different device equipped with a mechanism that automatically increases resistance to muscle contraction as the amplitude of displacement of osteo-articular formations changes, which allows moving the device’s loading platforms with individually reproducible speed and contraction force, and thereby carry out a comprehensive ergodynamic assessment of the quality movements in different joints using the same device.

As a prototype, a device for studying the brush compression force [5] was selected, which contains two wrist dynamometers mounted on the housing of dynamometers with force sensors consisting of elastic elements with strain gauges glued to them, a power supply unit, a signal amplification and conversion unit, a data processing and visualization unit . Important advantages of the hardware of this device is made on the basis of strain gauges, an electronic unit for converting mechanical pressure to load platforms of the dynamometer into an equivalent electrical signal and an electric signal indication unit,

as well as the availability of technical capabilities to study the functional asymmetry of the hand press. An important advantage of the software part of this device is the presence of a visualization program on the monitor screen of the dynamics of the wrist bench test. However, at the same time, its significant drawback is also the limitation of the scope of application only to the assessment of muscle strength and fitness. In addition, this device, as well as all previous devices [1, 2, 3, 4], is not suitable for complex psychophysiological studies, as a result of which it is not possible to carry out an integrated assessment of the functional state of the human body using the hardware method in express mode.

The technical result of the utility model consists in expanding the functional capabilities and areas of application of the complex, increasing the accuracy, reproducibility and objectivity of research results, as well as the availability and productivity of research procedures implemented with this help.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that two similar load spring mechanisms are additionally introduced into the hardware of the complex, made in the form of a movable and support rods pivotally connected to one another from one another, on which transversely arranged transversely arranged against each other are rigidly fixed against each other, with the possibility of arbitrary change of location loading platforms equipped with symmetrically arranged seats for springs - at least two on each side, while The use of one of the loading platforms is mounted on a movable rod through an elastic element containing a load cell, for example a strain gauge, a set of springs with the same dimensions at the ends and various compression resistance, for example 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 mm / kg, a set of interchangeable ferrules, including fixed on loose

at the ends of the movable and support rods, the palm and finger handles of a spatially freely located loading spring mechanism when testing with a hand press, a flat stop fixed to the free end of the movable rod with simultaneous rigid fixation by a screw clamp of the support rod of the loading spring mechanism to the common base of the complex when testing by contact pressure with various parts of the body , for example, with the palm, foot, forehead, etc., flexible rods attached to the free end of the movable rod provide provided with movable stops of tie rods made with the possibility of fixing horizontal and vertical planes in different positions with simultaneous rigid fixation by a screw clamp of the support rod of the load spring mechanism to the common base of the complex when testing by the forces developed by different muscle groups of the joints under study, two converters of the magnitude of the mechanical displacements of the loading platforms relative to each other in an equivalent electrical signal, each of which is made in the form of a pair of of a melted magnet and a Hall sensor, mounted against each other on loading platforms of a movable and supporting rods, sensors of the functions of autonomic support systems, for example, electrodes for recording an electrocardiogram, myogram and galvanic-skin reaction, fixed to the human body, two constant amplifiers combined with the power supply current, the inputs of which are connected to a load sensor, a Hall sensor and electrodes for recording a skin-galvanic reaction, as well as electrocardiographic and myographic th amplifiers whose inputs are connected to respective sensors vegetative functions providing systems, wherein the outputs electrocardiographic and myographic amplifiers and current amplifiers connected through multichannel ADC to external input ports of asynchronous PC used as a processing unit and visualization

data.

In addition, the hardware of the complex further comprises clamps mounted on both support bars of the load spring mechanisms for mechanically securing interchangeable contact rings, a set of interchangeable contact rings of various diameters, for example 10, 20, 50 mm, and a common base of the complex on which two symmetrically located two are fixed clamps for mechanical fastening of support rods and two restrictive rods of spatial position of interchangeable contact rings mounted on load spring mechanisms a contact, and contact rings and restriction rods are also electrically connected through a multi-channel ADC with the input of an external asynchronous port of a data processing and visualization unit.

In the program part of the complex, programs for continuous visualization on the monitor screen of the spatial position of the spring loading mechanisms of relative restrictive rods and the real-time movement of both light indicators of the position of the loading platforms relative to each other with consciously controlled active physical action on the movable and supporting rods along rigid, sequentially are additionally introduced preset algorithms with the ability to select a mode individually as fast as possible three and a strong increase in effort to the limit values and the subsequent maximum possible reduction in the efforts of compression of the loading platforms to complete muscle relaxation with constant physical control of the retention of the handles of the movable and supporting rods, as well as individually individually as quickly as possible changing with both hands simultaneously the compression forces of the loading platforms when entering zones of stable retention and subsequent continuous volitional retention of a stable position of the loading platforms to an arbitrary failure for with varying dosed muscle efforts equal to, for example

75, 50 and 35% of the maximum effort developed by each hand individually, with an arbitrarily set accuracy of allowable deviations from the ideal hold position in the range of 1-20%, visually identifiable on the monitor screen by the width of graphically displayed strips that limit the allowable deviation from the contour light indicator of the displacement of the loading platforms in the presence of various relevant interference created, for example, by the supply of sudden light and sound signals in the study of noise immunity, sudden shutdown of the visualization program on the monitor screen display of the light indicator of the position of the loading platforms - when studying proprioceptive memory, inverting the sides of the visual perception of the light indicators of the position of the loading platforms on the monitor screen and the position of the hands on the tips of the bars of the loading mechanisms - when studying the effectiveness of interhemispheric sensorimotor interactions, or when absence, as well as a program of mathematical and statistical processing of frequency, amplitude, time speed and speed parameters of the displacement curves from the isoline of the light indicators of the position of both pairs of loading platforms in real time and indicators of the functions of vegetative support systems with the possibility of compiling an individual integral psychophysiological profile of a person, including an assessment of the level of performance (subject-active potential) in terms of quality, level and duration hold the set position of the loading platforms, the level of physiological potential - time motor programmer Bani target setting at the beginning of the test, the level and duration of physiological indices of deviation from the baseline values, the state of the sensory-motor and interhemispheric interactions and the level of personal potential - at the entrance to the zone strategy retention and distribution of forces between zones of continuous volitional retention Stability Stress

platforms with muscular efforts equal to, for example, 75, 50 and 35% of the maximum effort, as well as according to the priorities of the selection of criteria for refusing voluntary retention of the given position of the loading platforms.

Testing by performing muscle contractions with maximum efforts, in which the length and tension of the muscle (auxotonic contraction) changes, assumes the functioning of the DE in the mode of smooth tetanic contraction, when each next nerve impulse arrives at the muscle fiber in the phase of tension increase, which creates conditions for attaching a larger number transverse bridges to thin actin fibers. However, the intensity of muscle contractions is determined not only by the number of transverse bridges attached to thin actin fibers, but also by the DE's ability to convert high-frequency pulse excitation with a minimum time delay and the speed of cyclic connection-disconnection of the cross bridges to actin. This mode is possible with sufficient power of the central signals coming from supraspinal centers and providing recruitment of the maximum number of DEs, optimization of the frequency of action potentials of each DE and synchronization of the structure of action potentials between DEs, which in general allows to achieve maximum intensity of muscle contraction. Thus, for the development of maximum voluntary muscle effort, it is important not only the maximum number of interactions of the active centers of myosin-actin, but also the intensity with which these interactions are carried out.

It should be borne in mind that the regime of smooth muscle tetanus in fast and slow DE develops at different impulse frequencies, since they differ significantly in duration of a single contraction. So, for example, the duration of the phase of increase in tension of the oculomotor muscles varies in the range of 7-10 ms, and the soleus muscle - 60-100

ms, therefore, their smooth tetanic contraction occurs at different pulse frequencies — 350 and 30 pulses / s, respectively.

The phases of contraction of various muscles are exclusively individual in terms of the developed efforts and duration, which is determined by the functional tasks performed by them. Typically, the phase of relaxation (lengthening) of the muscles exceeds the phase of tension by about two times, while the duration of the phases of tension and relaxation are directly proportional to each other. However, the structure of the temporal parameters of muscle movements is not constant. Physical training, warm-up, help reduce the phase of stress, and over-training, fatigue, on the contrary, lengthen it, and in this case, the relaxation phase increases, as a rule, more significantly.

All these data indicate that testing by the force developed by the muscle during an arbitrary maximum auxotonic contraction allows an integrated assessment of motor function, including an assessment of the functional state of supraspinal and spinal centers, as well as the neuromuscular system.

At the same time, since the strength of the maximum arbitrary contraction significantly depends on the initial muscle length, it is extremely important to ensure a stable and individually adjustable position of the arms of the loading mechanism relative to each other, at which the muscle length will be close to maximum stretching. Meanwhile, it is known that maximum tension develops with muscles, whose length is approximately 120% of the equilibrium length; more and less muscle strain helps to reduce the developed effort. That is why it is structurally provided for the possibility of individual selection of the mounting points of the loading platforms on the movable and supporting rods,

which allows you to vary the distance between the handles of the load spring mechanism to provide different testing conditions.

The use of interchangeable handles to modify the load spring mechanism for testing specific muscle groups expands the field of application and unifies research methods.

An additional application in the hardware of the complex, in addition to the force measuring sensor of a new measuring device for determining the distance between loading platforms, made in the form of a pair of a permanent magnet and a Hall sensor, made it possible to coordinate in real time the strength and speed of auxotnic reduction, increasing the accuracy of measurements and simplifying the design. Such a function is practically not implemented in any of the known devices.

At the same time, the inclusion in the software of the hardware complex of rigorous testing algorithms made it possible to unify and standardize the testing procedure, which made it possible to obtain comparable results when conducting research in various conditions with the participation of subjects with different professional specializations and health conditions.

For example, the ergodynamic testing algorithm involves the development of maximum efforts to reduce various muscle groups during compression of the springs, as well as keeping them compressed for the longest time, followed by a controlled release of the compressed springs without losing physical contact between the test subject and the tips of the movable and supporting rods. The force is applied to the tips of the movable headquarters, the choice of which depends on the type of muscle groups being tested.

Protocol for analyzing the results of such ergodynamic testing

includes the determination of direct and calculated indicators based on the verification of typical identification points on the cyclogram of a single muscle movement in the phase of contraction and relaxation, shown schematically in Fig. 1, and their correlation in time, developed efforts and distance traveled with certain phases of muscle movement, which is achieved by machine force-time analysis.

When machine processing the measurement results, a separate analysis of the data was carried out in relation to certain phases of testing a single muscle movement, which was conditionally divided into four blocks.

Block I - Analysis of the phase of preparation for the study

1. The latent period of the reaction, determined by the time from the moment of signaling at the beginning of testing to the beginning of muscle contraction,

T _lat. , from.

Block II - Analysis of the phase of muscle contraction

1. The maximum (peak) force, determined by machine analysis of the results of a discrete measurement of instantaneous force for small, constantly given intervals to identify among them the maximum value, F _max , kg.

2. Absolute force at a level equal to 50% of the maximum force, determined by machine analysis of the results of discrete measurement of instantaneous force for small, constantly specified intervals to identify among them a value equal to 50% of the maximum, Fc _0-50 , kg.

3. The time to reach maximum contraction force, Tc _max , s.

4. The time to achieve a force equal to 50% of the maximum contraction force, determined by machine analysis of the force-time relationship, Tc _0-50 , s.

5. The duration of contraction in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50 and 100% of the maximum force, determined by machine analysis of the relationship "force-time", Tc _50-100 , s.

6. The average rate of development of the force of contraction, determined by the calculation method according to the formula

Vc _med = F _max / T _max , kg / s.

7. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 0-50% of the maximum force, determined by the calculation method according to the formula

Vc _med = Fc _0-50 / Tc _0-50 , kg / s.

8. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-100% of the maximum force, determined by the calculation method according to the formula

Vc _med = Fc _50-100 / Tc _50-100 , kg / s.

9. The maximum rate of development of the force of contraction, determined by the search for the maximum value from the number of actual values of the absolute speed, the developed force in the phase of contraction, Vc _max , kg / s.

10. The minimum rate of development of the force of contraction, determined by the search for the minimum value from the number of actual values of the absolute speed of development of the force in the phase of contraction, Vc _min , kg / s

11. The coefficient of smoothness of motion in the phase of contraction (KPLs), calculated by the formula

KPLs = (Vc _max -Vc _min ) / Vc _med , conv.

Block III - Analysis of the phase of controlled muscle relaxation

1. The duration of relaxation, determined by the moment the load platform returns to its original position after reaching maximum strength, Tr, s.

2. The time to reach the phase relaxation force equal to 50% of the maximum contraction force, determined by the search for a given value of force from the number of actual values of the absolute speed of force development by machine analysis of the force-time relationship, Tr _100-50 , s.

3. The time to achieve complete relaxation from the level of phase force equal to 50% of the maximum contraction force, determined by the search for a given value of force from the number of actual values of the absolute speed of force development by machine analysis of the force-time relationship, Tr _50-0 , s.

4. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation, determined by the calculation according to the formula

Vp _med = F _max / Tp, kg / s.

5. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 100-50% of the maximum strength, determined by the calculation method according to the formula

Vp _med100-50 = Fp _100-50 / Tp _100-50 , kg / s.

6. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-0% of the maximum strength, determined by the calculation method according to the formula

Vp _med50-0 = Fc _50-0 / Tc _50-0 , kg / s.

7. The maximum rate of development of relaxation, determined by the search for the maximum value from the number of actual values of the absolute speed of decrease in strength in the phase of muscle relaxation, Vp _max , kg / s.

8. The minimum rate of development of relaxation, determined by the search for the minimum value from the number of actual values of the absolute speed of development of relaxation in the phase of muscle relaxation, Vp _min , kg / s.

9. The coefficient of smoothness of motion in the phase of controlled relaxation (CPLR), calculated by the formula

KPLp = (Vp _max -Vp _min ) / Vp _med , conv.

Block IV - Summary Analysis

1. The total duration of a single muscle movement, determined by the time from the start of muscle contraction to the moment of complete relaxation, T _sum , sec.

2. The coefficient of mobilization readiness, determined by the calculation method according to the formula

KMG = Ts / Tsum

3. The coefficient of relaxation readiness, determined by the calculation method according to the formula

KRG = Tr / Tsum

4. The maximum compression power of the loading platforms (P _max ), determined by the calculation method according to the formula

P _max = F _max • S _imax / T _imax , W.

5. General work performed during compression of the loading platforms (Wc _med ), determined by the calculation method according to the formula

Wc _med = Fc _med • Tc, J.

6. General work performed during the controlled relaxation of pre-compressed loading platforms (Wp _med ), determined by the calculation method according to the formula

Wp _med = F _med • Tp, J.

The algorithm of complex ergodynamic and psychophysiological testing in express mode is based on a machine analysis of simultaneously recorded individual indicators of the body's response to a complexly coordinated cyclic isometric test load, performed stereotypically with both hands simultaneously under the control of the visual analyzer. At the same time, the stable spatial position of the tested osteoarticular formations is ensured by keeping the rings rigidly fixed on the loading mechanisms in a position that excludes its contact with the restrictive rods placed in them, symmetrically fixed on the common base of the complex or by rigidly fixing the load spring platforms on the common base of the complex.

The complex-coordinated motor reactions of a person themselves cannot be directly assessed, but they can be measured through a number of other indicators, which, being interconnected, each affect motor ability in its own way. That is why for these purposes a test was used based on multivariate modeling of universal motor elements of professional activity, irrespective of a particular specialization of a person, allowing to evaluate strength, accuracy, speed, coordination of movements, motor endurance and ability to distribute attention.

One possible test result that reflects

dynamics of compression forces of hand dynamometers is shown in Fig. 2.

The test software allows you to automatically set the holding zone of the signal object with an arbitrarily set accuracy, as well as to perform an automatic analysis of the test execution parameters and indicators of its vegetative support according to a rigid algorithm.

Given the great complexity of the performing action performed during testing, its analysis can only be carried out at an interdisciplinary level, including microdynamic, microstructural and psychophysiological analysis. This analysis allows you to get comprehensive information about the functioning of the brain at the system level.

The primary data necessary for the analysis of the quality and volume of the completed task is obtained from the analysis of the curve of the trajectory of arbitrary movement of the controlled object by the subject — the signal line, taking into account the specified load levels and the range of permissible deviations.

Microstructural analysis is based on the selection, analysis, qualitative and quantitative assessment of the components of motion that preserve the property of the whole, i.e. having their own subroutine - the concepts of action, operation, process stage, wave, action quantum (Gordeeva ND, 1995). Information on the implementation of a particular subprogram is important not only for concretizing the program of reactions to the next waves, but also, if necessary, for restructuring the general plan of action, for example, for deciding on the transition to a lighter mode of performing isometric loads. At the same time, action quanta are distinguished in the structure of each individual wave, which characterize the operational aspect of the action, aimed at detecting, refining, and correcting mistakes made when solving a single semantic problem - the maximum long and error-free retention of a signal object within the boundaries of the target zone by means of a strictly dosed hand press.

Thus, the wave of action during the execution of this test reflects the solution of a certain semantic problem, namely, the elimination of the error expressed by the output of the signal object beyond the range of the boundaries of the target zone, and the action quantum reflects the method of solving the problem at the operational level - keeping the signal object near the contour line acting in as an ideal trajectory of movement of the signal object within the boundaries of the target zone. The number of quanta can vary. It can be limited to one quantum, if one ballistic action ensures the implementation of the wave at the operational level, or a large number of them. An individual choice of a test execution strategy determines its effectiveness.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of tracking a signal object and keeping it within the boundaries of the target zone is carried out according to indicators characterizing the quality, accuracy and success of the test, for which the whole process is conditionally divided into three cycles, each of which includes

stages of the same type.

The protocol for analyzing the results of complex ergodynamic and psychophysiological testing includes automatic determination of direct and calculated indicators based on the verification of typical identification points on the cyclogram of multiple cyclic isometric loads, schematically shown in Fig. 3 and correlating them in time, developed efforts and distance traveled with certain phases of muscle movement .

Based on the accepted division of the testing procedure into separate phases, when analyzing the results, they distinguish:

- the phase of the heuristic construction of the motor program for the implementation of the first cycle of work and the entire test as a whole;

- the phase of entering the signal object into the boundaries of the target zone and stabilizing its position within the boundaries of the target zone of the first work cycle;

- phase stable retention of the signal object in the range of boundaries of the target zone;

- the phase of the transfer of the signal object to the borders of the target zone of the II cycle of work with a lower energy level of vegetative support and stabilization of the position of the object within the boundaries of the target zone of the second cycle of work;

- phase stable retention of the signal object in the range of boundaries of the target zone;

- the phase of the transfer of the signal object to the borders of the target zone of the III work cycle with a lower energy level of vegetative support and stabilization of the position of the object within the boundaries of the target zone of the III work cycle;

- phase stable retention of the signal object in the range of boundaries of the target zone;

- the phase of voluntary refusal to perform the test as a whole, due to the development of uncompensated fatigue.

Taking into account the above separation of the test into separate phases, during which only their specific tasks were solved, and the possible influence of the neurophysiological characteristics of the individual on the effectiveness of the test as a whole and its individual elements, one can obtain data on compiling an individual psychophysiological profile of a person at a three-parameter level as applied to a certain temporary cut.

At the same time, a private assessment of the individual components of the psychophysiological state is also given, including:

1. The speed of motor programming of complex-coordinated actions;

2. The level of performance, assessed by the quality and volume of work performed in total and with both hands separately.

To evaluate the effectiveness of entering a signal object into the target zone and stabilizing its position in the target border zone, the following are used:

single and calculated indicators:

2.1. The time of bringing the signal object to the lower boundary of the target zone (Tp), s;

2.2. The maximum speed of the signal object (V _max ), cm / s;

2.3. The minimum speed of the signal object (V _min ), cm / s;

2.4. The average speed of the signal object (V _med ), cm / s;

2.5. Acceleration time of the signal object to the maximum speed (Tr), s;

2.6. The retention time of the maximum speed of the signal object (Tum), s;

2.7. The braking time of the signal object until the moment when the speed first passes through "0" (Tm), s;

2.8. The first error in entering the signal object into the boundaries of the target zone (ΔAo), mm;

2.9. The total execution time of control movements that eliminate the errors of input and stabilization of the signal object within the boundaries of the target zone (Tsud), s;

2.10. The number of individual erroneous control movements accompanied by the exit of the signal object beyond the boundaries of the target zone (Nog), mm

2.11. The amplitude of individual erroneous control movements, accompanied by the exit of the signal object beyond the boundaries of the target zone (A _i og, mm

3.12. The maximum amplitude of erroneous control movements, accompanied by the exit of the signal object beyond the boundaries of the target zone (A _max og), mm;

2.13. Response time to individual erroneous control movements, accompanied by the exit of the signal object beyond the boundaries of the zone

goals (T _i horn), s;

2.14. The duration of individual erroneous control movements, accompanied by the exit of the signal object beyond the boundaries of the target zone (T _i og), s;

2.15. The total duration of the phase of input and stabilization of the signal object within the boundaries of the target zone (Tfv), calculated by the formula

Tfv = Tn + Tsud, s;

2.16 Frequency density of erroneous control movements, accompanied by the exit of the signal object beyond the boundaries of the target zone (N _v og), calculated by the formula

N _v og = Nog / Tsud, dv / s;

2.17. The average amplitude of erroneous control movements, accompanied by the exit of the signal object beyond the boundaries of the target zone (A _med og), calculated by the formula

A _med og = Σ _{i = 1} ^N A _i og / Nog, mm;

2.18. The average duration of individual erroneous control movements, accompanied by the exit of the signal object beyond the boundaries of the target zone (T _med ), calculated by the formula

T _med = Σ _{i = 1} ^N T _i og / Nog, s;

2.19. The indicator of the subjective assessment of the individual complexity of the task (PISS), calculated by the formula

PISS = (Tmp + Tp / (Tmp + Tp + Tsud), arb.,

2.20. The coefficient of smoothness of movement (KPL), calculated by the formula

Kpl = (V _max -V _min ) / V _med , arb.

2.21. The accuracy factor of the execution of control movements to stabilize the signal object within the boundaries of the target zone (CTFV), calculated by the formula

KTsud = (A _i id. × Tskd) / Σ _{i = 1} ^N (A _i og × T _i og), arb.,

where A _i id. - corresponds to the contour and is conventionally assumed equal to 1 mm;

2.22. The response coefficient to the erroneous exit of the signal object beyond the target (Kroog), calculated by the formula

K Rog = (Σ _{i = 1} ^N T _i horn / T _i og) Nog, arb.

2.23. The performance index of performing motor operations is the energy input and stabilization of the signal object within the boundaries of the target zone (Wfv), calculated by the formulas:

A) mode 1 work cycle

W ₁ EF = [(0,75F _{prosp prosp} MAX × T n ₁₎ / 2 + (0,75F _L MAX. × T _L n ₁₎ 2 + 0,75F _{prosp prosp} MAX × T ₁ + 0,75F Court _l max × T _l court ₁ ] / 2, kg s;

B) mode 11 of the work cycle

W ₂ fv = [T _pr n ₂ × (0.75 F _l max + 0.5F _l max) / 2 + T _l p ₂ × (0.75 F _l max. + 0.5 F _l max) 2 + 0.5 F _at max × T _for trial ₂ + 0.5F _l max × T _l court ₂ ] / 2, kg s;

B) duty cycle 111

W ₃ fv = [T _pr n ₃ × (0.5 F _l max × 0.25 F _l max) / 2 + T _l p ₃ × (0.5 F _l max. + 0.25 F _l max) 2 + 0.25 F _at max × T _for trial ₃ + 0.25 F _l max × T _l court ₃ ] / 2, kg s;

2.24. The reliability indicator of the performance of motor operations in the phase of input and stabilization of the signal object within the boundaries of the target zone (PNFV), calculated by the formulas:

B) mode 1 cycle

PV ₁ Mo = [(0,75F _pr max × T _ave n _1]) / 2+ (0,75F _l max. × T _L n ₁₎ 2 + CT Court _{Prospect Ave 1} × 0,75F max ×× T _ave court ₁ ++ CT _l court ₁ × 0.75F _l max × T _l court ₁ )] / 2, kg s.

B) mode 11 of the work cycle

PV ₂ Mo = {[0,75F _pr max + 0,5F _pr max) / 2] × T _ave n ₂ + (0,75F _l max. + 0,5F _l max) / 2] × _n T n + ₂ + CT _straight trial ₂ × 0,5F _{pr pr} max × T ₂ + CT trial court _{l 2} × 0,5F _l max × T _l trial _2)] / 2 kg.

C) mode 111 cycle

PV ₃ Mo = {[0,5F _pr max + 0,25F _pr max) / 2] × T _ave n ₃ + (0,5F _l max. + 0,25F _l max) / 2] × _n T n + ₃ + CT court _{prospect Ave 3} × 0,25F Tsuda max × ₃ + _l CT court ₃ × 0,25F _l max × T _l court _3)] / 2 kg.

3. The value of personal potential, assessed by the nature of behavioral reactions and the chosen style of the test. For this, as informationally significant indicators are used:

3.1. The type of input of the signal object to the borders of the target zone (determined by the quality criterion - the shape of the line reflecting the movement of the light indicator on the display screen during testing): a) with re-adjustment; b) accurate; c) with under-regulation.

3.2. The specific gravity of the duration of the holding phases of the manipulator in each of the three holding zones (HC), taking into account the ratio of the actual values of the holding forces:

HC ₁ = 3T ₁ / (3T ₁ + 2T ₂ + T ₃ ),

HC ₂ = 2T ₂ / (3T ₁ + 2T ₂ + T ₃ );

HC ₃ = T ₃ (3T ₁ + 2T ₂ + T ₃ )

3.3. The characteristic of the style of activity is determined by the value of the ratio of the intervals of time for performing static loads at each of three levels:

a) strong-willed - the maximum retention time is recorded at the first load level (HC indicator ₁ max);

b) balanced - the retention time is evenly distributed at all load levels (HC ₁ = HC ₂ = HC ₃ );

c) difficult to predict - accurate reproduction of the ratios of the intervals of execution of static loads at each of the three levels during repeated testing is not provided.

3.4. Criteria for the subjective choice of priorities in determining indications for stopping the test:

a) energy (according to the maximum amount of work performed), when the transition to a lighter testing mode is governed not by errors made related to the accuracy of the static retention of the signal object within the given limits, but by the desire to be as long as possible

keep the manipulator in a compressed state;

b) accuracy (by the accuracy of keeping the indicator in the target area), when the transition to a lighter testing mode is carried out when it is impossible to keep the signal object within the specified boundaries with the necessary accuracy. As a rule, the subjects limit themselves to the appearance of no more than 1-2 errors, which are manifested by the output of the signal object beyond the boundaries of a given zone;

4. The magnitude of the physiological potential, estimated by the level of tension of the systems of vegetative support, the severity of functional asymmetry and the effectiveness of interhemispheric interaction in the motor, visual, auditory and proprioreceptive spheres.

If the subject has difficulties in mastering the test execution algorithm, and subsequently with the reproduction of the initial test execution strategy by the fractional distribution of the isometric load execution time with various efforts, which is integrally evaluated through the structural coefficient, it is possible to unequivocally state the low predictive ability of a person to assess the situation as well as a weakly expressed sensory-motor relationship, which makes it difficult to achieve higher professional Results, especially in those specialties that require the rapid development and implementation of complex, coordinated movements, the ability to distribute attention and quickly respond to information-significant signals.

The more perfect the sensory-motor interactions that form the basis of a specific professional activity, the more talented a person in this profession, regardless of its specificity. In this regard, the results of this testing are universal.

If during repeated testing, including after exposure to a stress factor, the deviations of the structural coefficient do not exceed

10% of the results of background testing, the subject is classified as stress-resistant; when the deviation of the value of the structural coefficient relative to the background result is not more than 20% - medium-stable, and when the deviation of the value of the structural coefficient from the background result is more than 20% - to low-stability.

The accuracy of reproducing the test results is largely determined by the function of the KGM motor zone, which uses information coming from sensory paths from other parts of the cortex and from motor programs generated in the central nervous system that are updated by the basal ganglia and cerebellum to generate commands for controlling movements. motor cortex through the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex. At the same time, neurons of the anterior sections of the cerebral cortex are directly involved in the construction of a complex motor act that meets the requirements of the spatio-temporal characteristics of the environment. To this end, the prefrontal cortex extracts information from long-term memory, and the hippocampus consolidates new associations, which are so needed to adjust behavior taking into account recent events. The frontal sections of the cerebral cortex (prefrontal cortex) have a leading role in the construction of new motor programs using all the specific and accumulated over the course of life individual experiences, which are extracted from stored programs for their subsequent integration into the new motor program, as well as in adjusting the internal models in accordance with the operatively arriving sensory information., including from proprioreceptors, excited during the movement. The function of the prefrontal zone is associated with the ability to mentally design the future trajectory of a moving target, based on extrapolation.

That is why people with underdeveloped prefrontal functions

cortex and weak interhemispheric interactions, as a rule, are generally not able to perform this test. Such individuals experience even greater difficulties in this testing if additional requirements are imposed on the mechanisms of interhemispheric interactions, for example, by inverting the sides of objective actions carried out by the right and left hands and displaying the results of their execution on the screen.

For right-handed people, the mechanisms for central control of hand movements are ambiguous. The motility of the right (leading) arm is carried out to a greater extent by central commands, less dependent on inverse afferent impulse; it is more subject to processes of conscious control, including those that are actualized by the highest departments of the cerebral cortex (primarily, frontal areas). Motor skills of the right hand are formed faster and easier to automate.

Left-handed control in right-handed people is more related to the more ancient phylogenetically and previously detected in ontogenesis mechanism of ring reflex regulation. In ordinary conditions of purposeful activity, the non-knowing left hand lags significantly behind the leading right in coordination capabilities. However, in extreme situations, when performing multi-purpose activity programs, when increased difficulties are created for programmatically controlling the actions of the right hand, the effectiveness of the left hand is higher. The muscles of the ignorant left arm (compared with the leading arm) contain a greater number of fast muscle fibers, which are characterized by better explosive contractile properties, but less endurance, and therefore they are more prone to fatigue.

However, cross-effects on human motility are not the only ones possible. Along with the dominance of the left hemisphere in right-handed people and in the right hemisphere in left-handed people, both hemispheres can simultaneously participate in the regulation of movements or alternately dominate in the control of movements.

In addition, this test allows you to evaluate a person’s ability to make sensory corrections during the formation of mismatch impulses that occur when there is a discrepancy between the actual and the desired action, which allows you to maintain the initial motor program of action, despite the changes that occur during its implementation. The individual psychophysiological profile of the response when performing this test is characterized by the same high stability as, for example, the individual nature of the person’s gait, little dependent on external and internal factors. All this makes its use very promising not only for assessing the current state, but also in the future with a sufficient set of data and for professional selection.

If additional analysis is necessary, a more detailed assessment of the results of the psychophysiological examination at all stages of testing is carried out. It is necessary to proceed from the following premises. A person can make corrections only in case of making movements of sufficient duration so that the nerve centers have time to perceive information, respond to it and send corrected commands to the muscles. If the duration of the main phase of the movement is extremely short (such movements are estimated as ballistic movements), then the introduction of corrections in the process of their implementation is impossible. Analogs to these movements, for example, in the practice of sports activities are jumping, kicking, boxing, fencing, etc. In this regard, to ensure sufficient accuracy of their implementation, the athlete must have the ability to proactively formulate a ballistic program

movements under conditions of time deficiency with high accuracy, which again is associated with the function of the frontal lobes and is determined by the accuracy of holding the indicator of the position of the loading platforms near the contour. Since the adjustment of the programs of motor actions in the frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres occurs not only in connection with the receipt of information from the comparison apparatus, but also in response to verbal signals coming from outside, as well as due to the participation of the thinking of the person himself, using this test you can predict the ability a person to adjust his actions in the process of professional activity, for example, in the process of competition, including due to an adequate reaction to coaching instructions.

At the same time, since the test is short-lived, and its effectiveness does not depend much on improving skills, it can be used repeatedly without losing the informational significance of the results to solve various problems in the differential diagnosis of psychophysiological conditions both during treatment, production activities, time of the training process to assess the overall level of current performance and diagnosis of fatigue, and to assess the athlete’s readiness for competition Leading performances.

The information provided confirms the progressiveness of the design of the hardware of the complex and the software for recording and processing the test results, which allows compiling an individual psychophysiological profile taking into account the characteristics of the person’s personal, physiological and subject-active potentials. At the same time, in the testing process, psychosensory, psychomotor, psycho-emotional stability, the effectiveness of interhemispheric interaction and the level of vegetative support of the body during the test load are studied.

At the same time, the practical use of the hardware-software complex allows solving other extremely urgent problems of the methodological plan:

- increase the reproducibility of the results of the study, since all evaluated indicators are recorded simultaneously, at the same time slice and, therefore, reflect the functional state of a person in a given period of time in specific environmental conditions and for a certain type of activity, and the criteria used to determine the beginning and test endings are stably reproduced and accurately accounted for. In addition, ensuring a stable spatial position of the hands during testing, achieved by keeping the ring rigidly fixed on the load spring mechanisms in a position that excludes its contact with the restriction rods, helps to standardize the research conditions and minimize data scatter during retests;

- improving the accuracy of research results due to standardization of the research procedure and the algorithm for processing research results, as well as the selection of adequate indicators for a comprehensive comprehensive assessment of the functional state of the human body;

- increase research performance, since all evaluated indicators are recorded when performing a short-term test and are quickly automatically analyzed;

- increasing the objectivity of the results of the examination, since the determination of psychophysiological indicators is carried out not in a blank, but in a hardware way, in which there is practically no effect of a conscious or unconscious uncontrolled experimenter unauthorized influence of the subject on the final test results, and the determination of ergodynamic indicators is carried out in the real mode of movement of bone-joint formations in specific

joint due to the use of removable tips of the desired type in relation to the selected test procedure;

- increasing the accessibility of research procedures through the use of relatively simple and rigorous algorithms for performing the test, and the actions themselves do not require long-term training and training, as well as automation of the processing of research results with the issuance of quantitative parameters of recorded indicators, which minimizes the requirements for operator qualifications.

Thus, due to the positive effects achieved by the proposed hardware and software complex, claimed in order to develop a patent for a utility model and the availability of opportunities for their technical implementation, the complex meets the criteria of “novelty” and “non-obviousness”. At the same time, the availability of opportunities for conducting complex ergodynamic and psychophysiological studies using the proposed hardware and software complex, as well as the ease of organization of operation and safety of use, contribute to the expansion of its use, in particular for solving scientific, practical and applied problems in relation to the physiology of work and sport , as well as adaptive, sports, professional and clinical medicine, which indicates compliance with its criterion of "production Twain's need. "

The essence of the claimed hardware-software complex is illustrated by drawings (Fig.1-5), which show:

figure 1 - Structural block diagram of a hardware-software complex for ergodynamic and psychophysiological studies;

figure 2 - General view of the load spring mechanism of the hardware-software complex when testing with a palm press with maximum effort;

figure 3 - Block diagram of the hardware-software complex in the working position

with options for installing a flat stop on a movable bar when testing with a bench press with maximum force;

figure 4 - Block diagram of the hardware-software complex in the working position with the option of installing flexible rods on a movable rod when testing with maximum efforts developed by the muscles of various bone-joint formations.

The hardware of the complex (Figs. 1-4) contains two of the same type, mechanically integrated into a single design load spring mechanism 1 of Fig. 2, made in the form of pivotally connected from one end 2 strictly oriented relative to each other movable 3 and supporting 4 rods, on which load platforms 5 and 6, transversally arranged with the possibility of arbitrary change of location, rigidly fixed with screw clamps against each other, equipped with symmetrically located seats 7 for springs 8 - at least two from each side. In this case, the base 9 of the loading platform 5 is mounted on the movable rod 3 through an elastic element 10 containing a load cell - a strain gauge 11. The set of springs 8 is equipped with samples with different compression resistance, for example 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 mm / kg and the same size at the ends. In places of rigid attachment of loading platforms 5 and 6 to the movable 3 and supporting 4 bars of each load spring mechanism 1, a permanent magnet 12 and a Hall sensor 13 are rigidly fixed against each other.

The load spring mechanisms 1 are equipped with interchangeable tips — finger 14 of FIG. 2 and palmar 15 of FIG. 2 handles, a flat focus 16 of FIG. 3 and flexible rods 17 of FIG. 4. Flexible rods 17, in turn, are equipped with movable stops 18 of the clamp 19 of the rods 17, made with the possibility of fixing them in various positions of the horizontal and vertical planes.

Structurally also provides the ability to choose a location

load spring mechanisms 1 for various types of testing in two positions:

A) either in a spatially free state with the possibility of restricting movements during testing within the diameter of interchangeable contact rings 20 of various diameters, for example 10, 20 or 50 mm, rigidly fixed to load spring mechanisms 1 using additional clamps 21 and worn on limit rods 22, symmetrically mounted on a common base 23 of the complex (figures 1 and 2);

B) either in a position with a rigid fixation by a screw clamp of the support rod 4 of the load spring mechanisms 1 to the common base 23 of the complex (Figs. 3 and 4).

Sensors of the functions of autonomic support systems - electrodes for recording an electrocardiogram 24 and myogram 25 fixed to the human body 27 are electrically connected to the inputs 28-A of the electrocardiographic amplifier 29-A and the inputs 28-B of the myographic amplifier 29-B, and the electrodes for recording skin galvanic reaction 26, mounted on the human body 27, Hall sensors 13, rigidly mounted on the support rod 4 of the loading platform 1, as well as slip rings 20 and restrictive rods 22 are electrically connected to the 28-V inputs I have a 29-V direct current combined with a power supply (not shown in the diagram), and the outputs 30-A, 30-B, and 30-V of amplifiers 29-A, 29-B, and 29-V are connected through a multi-channel ADC 31 to the inputs of the external asynchronous ports 32 PC 33 of figure 1. In this case, the information received in the PC 33 is displayed on the monitor screen 34 in the form of a continuously recorded shift pattern of the light indicator 35 of the relative position of the loading platforms 4 and 5.

In the software part of the complex, programs of continuous visualization on the screen of the monitor 34 of movement in real

the time scale of the light indicator 35 of the position of the loading platforms 5 and 6 relative to each other with a consciously controlled active physical impact on the free ends of the movable 3 and supporting 4 rods according to hard, sequentially defined algorithms.

At the same time, a standardized algorithm is used to determine ergodynamic indicators, which provides for the implementation of individually maximally fast and strong increase in the compression forces of loading platforms 5 and 6 to limit values and subsequent maximum reduction in their compression forces to complete muscle relaxation with constant physical control of the retention of the movable arms 3 and supporting 4 rods of the loading mechanism 1, and when testing with a hand press (Figs. 1 and 2) as tips the movable 3 and supporting 4 rods use the finger 11 and palm 12 of the handle; when testing with the support press (Fig. 3), a flat stop 13 is used, fixed on the movable rod 3 and when testing with maximum efforts developed by various muscle groups of the joints under study (Fig. 4) use flexible rods 14, mounted on a movable rod 3.

Psychophysiological studies are also based on the implementation of a standardized algorithm, which provides for the individually fastest possible entry into the areas of continuously performed sequential volitional retention until both sides voluntarily refuse to simultaneously position the loading platforms 5 and 6 with muscular forces equal, for example, 75, 50 and 35% of the maximum the effort developed by each hand individually with constant visual monitoring of the dynamics of holding the position of the load boards OPC 5 and 6 from the displacement on the screen 34 light indicator 35 with respect to contour. Randomly selected accuracy of holding the position of the loading platforms 5 and 6 in each zone, at a level equal to, for example

5-, 10-percent or other deviations from ideal retention within the isoline are set by the width of 34 bands graphically displayed on the monitor screen that limit the allowable deviation from the isoline of the light indicator 35 of the displacement of the loading platforms 5 and 6 relative to each other under controlled physical impact on them in the presence of various relevant interference, which create, for example, the supply of sudden light and sound signals in the study of noise immunity, sudden shutdown of the program we visualize on the monitor screen 34 the display of the light indicator 35 of the position of the loading platforms 5 and 6 - in the study of proprioceptive memory, inverting the sides of the visual perception of the light indicator 35 of the position of the loading platforms 5 and 6 on the monitor screen 34 and the position of the hands on the tips of the rods 3 and 4 of the loading mechanism 1 - in the study of the effectiveness of interhemispheric sensorimotor interactions, etc., or in their absence.

The program of continuous visualization on the monitor screen 34 of the spatial position of the spring loading mechanisms 1 of the relative restrictive rods 22, symmetrically mounted on the common base 23 of the complex, is configured to determine the position of the spring mechanism 1 within the boundaries specified by the diameter of the contact rings, according to the yes-no criterion.

The program of mathematical and statistical processing of frequency, amplitude and time parameters of the displacement curves on the monitor screen 34 of the light indicator 35 of the position of both pairs of loading platforms 5 and 6 with a consciously controlled active physical impact on the movable 3 and supporting 4 rods in real time and indicators of the functions of the autonomic systems the provision provides for the possibility of automatically compiling an individual integral psychophysiological profile of a person, including an assessment of the level

operability (objective-active potential) in terms of quality, level and duration of retention of a given position of loading platforms, level of physiological potential - by the time of motor programming of the target set at the beginning of the test, the level and duration of the deviation of physiological parameters from baseline values, the state of sensory-motor and interhemispheric interactions and the level of personal potential - according to the strategy of entering the retention zone and the distribution of efforts between the zones continuously performed by volitional been consistent position holding the load platforms with muscular effort of, for example, 75, 50 and 35% of the maximum force, and to prioritize the selection criteria non-volitional retention predetermined position of loading platforms.

The hardware-software complex provides the implementation of ergodynamic and psychophysiological research procedures as follows.

When preparing the complex for operation, the load spring mechanism 1 is modified to perform specific testing, for which the desired location of the loading platforms 5 and 6 is selected on the pivotally connected from one end 2 of the movable 3 and supporting 4 rods, the type of the tip of the free end of the movable 3 and supporting 4 rods and the spatial position of the load spring mechanism 1 during testing.

To this end, fasten the load platform 6 with the support rod 4 and the load cell 11 with elastic element 10, to which, in turn, the base 9 of the load platform 5 with the movable rod 3 is fixed with a screw clamp. They are selected from a set of springs 8 having the same type the dimensions at the ends, the necessary set for compression resistance, for example 2.0, 1.0 or 0.5 mm / kg and place them symmetrically on loading platforms 5 and 6 landing

places 7 for springs 8 - three on each side. In places of rigid mounting of loading platforms 5 and 6 to the movable 3 and supporting 4 bars of the load spring mechanism 1, the permanent magnet 12 and the Hall sensor 13 are rigidly fixed against each other.

When organizing testing with a hand press (Figs. 1 and 2), palm 14 and finger 15 handles are fixed at the free ends of the movable 3 and supporting 4 rods, and in this case the load spring mechanism 1 is in a spatially free position with the possibility of restricting its movements during testing within the diameter of the interchangeable contact rings 20 of various diameters, for example 10, 20 or 50 mm, rigidly fixed to the load spring mechanisms 1 using additional clamps 21. For this, the contact rings 20, g JCOMM mounted on spring-loaded mechanism 1 is put on the limiting bar 22 symmetrically mounted on a common base 23 complex.

When organizing testing by contact pressure with various parts of the body, for example, the palm, foot, forehead, etc. (Fig. 3), a flat stop 16 of Fig. 3 is fixed on the free end of the movable rod 3 with simultaneous rigid fixation of the support rod 4 of the load spring mechanism 1 to the screw clamp common base 23 complex.

When organizing testing by efforts developed by various muscle groups of the studied joints (Fig. 4), flexible rods 17 of FIG. 4 are fixed on the free end of the movable rod 3 and, using the movable stops 18 of the clamp 19 of the rods 17, form a direction of effort relative to the horizontal and vertical planes while rigid fixation with a screw clamp of the support rod 4 of the load spring mechanism 1 to the common base 23 of the complex.

They fix on the human body 27 sensors of the functions of vegetative support systems - electrodes for recording an electrocardiogram 24 and

myograms 25, electrically connected to the inputs 28-A of the electrocardiographic amplifier 29-A and the inputs 28-B of the myographic amplifier 29-B, respectively, electrodes for recording the skin-galvanic reaction 26, electrically connected to the inputs 28-B of the 29-V DC amplifier, combined with a power supply (not shown in the diagram).

Electrically connect the Hall sensors 13, rigidly mounted on the support rods 4 of both loading platforms 1, as well as slip rings 20 and restrictive rods 22 with the corresponding 28-V inputs of the 29-V DC amplifier.

The outputs 30-A, 30-B, 30-V of the amplifiers 29-A, 29-B and 29-B are connected through a multi-channel ADC 31 to the inputs of the external asynchronous ports 32 of the PC 33 (Fig. 1).

Then, the switch of the power supply unit of the amplifiers (not shown in the diagram) and the PC switch 33 are put into the “ON” position.

The subject is briefed on the rules of the forthcoming study, the conditions and the algorithm of actions of the subject and the operator during the ergodynamic and complex psychophysiological testing, as well as on the possible movements of the light indicator 35 of the position of the loading platforms on the monitor screen 34.

After these preliminary activities are completed, testing is carried out 3-4 times in the training mode, after which the control testing is carried out according to sequentially defined algorithms with the option of individually individually maximizing the fastest and strongest increase in effort to the limit values and then maximally reducing the compression forces of the loading platforms 5 and 6 to complete muscle relaxation with constant physical control over the retention of the arms of the movable 3 and supporting 4 rods, as well as individually as fast as possible with both hands at the same time

compressive forces of loading platforms 5 and 6 at the entrance to the zones of stable holding and subsequent continuous volitional holding of a stable position of the loading platforms 5 and 6 to an arbitrary failure with varying dosed muscular forces equal, for example, 75, 50 and 35% of the maximum force developed by each arm individually, with an arbitrarily set accuracy of permissible deviations from the ideal retention position in the range of 2-20%, visually identified on the monitor screen 34 by the width of the graphically displayed bands, og bordering the allowable deviation from the isoline of the light indicator 35 of the displacement of the loading platforms 5 and 6, in the presence of various relevant interference created, for example, by the supply of sudden light and sound signals in the study of noise immunity, the sudden shutdown of the visualization program on the monitor 34 display light indicator 35 position loading platforms 5 and 6 - in the study of proprioceptive memory, inverting the sides of the visual perception of light indicators 35 position load full-time platforms 5 and 6 on the monitor screen 34 and the position of the hands on the tips of the rods 3 and 4 of the loading mechanisms 1 - in the study of the effectiveness of interhemispheric sensorimotor interactions, or in their absence.

The software for mathematical and statistical processing provides a multi-vector analysis using a rigorous algorithm of frequency, amplitude, time and speed parameters of the displacement curves from the isoline of the light indicators 35 of the position of both pairs of loading platforms 5 and 6 in real time and indicators of the functions of the vegetative support systems, on the basis of which individual integral psychophysiological profile of a person, including an assessment of the level of working capacity (subject-active potential iala) in terms of quality, level and duration of holding a given position

loading platforms, the level of physiological potential - according to the time of motor programming of the target installation at the beginning of the test, the level and duration of deviation of physiological indicators from baseline values, the state of sensory-motor and interhemispheric interactions and the level of personal potential - according to the strategy of entering the retention zone and the distribution of efforts between areas of continuous volitional retention of a stable position of loading platforms with muscle efforts equal to, for example, 75, 50 and 35% of the maximum gain I, as well as to prioritize the selection criteria for rejection of willful retention target position loading platform. The selected research modes, if necessary, can be arbitrarily changed, for which purpose the possibilities of manually manipulating the program for displaying relevant interference on the monitor screen 34 are used.

TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF PRACTICAL

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPLEX

Example 1. Subject V., 25 years old. Almost healthy.

Type of testing - ergodynamic testing with hand press.

The final test protocol, including comparative data obtained using the proposed complex and prototype when performing a single muscle contraction to develop maximum effort and subsequent active muscle relaxation with constant physical monitoring of the holding of the palms and fingers of the movable rods of the loading mechanism, is given in table 1.

This experiment confirmed, on the one hand, the possibility of expanding the volume of ergodynamic studies using the proposed complex in comparison with the prototype, and on the other, the complete coincidence of the measurement results of the same indicators obtained using both devices.

Example 2. Patient N., 50 years old. Diagnosis: coronary heart disease, angina pectoris I functional class.

Type of testing - ergodynamic testing with the support bench press with maximum effort using the proposed complex.

The final test protocol, including data on the determination of the main indicators of a single muscle contraction before maximum efforts and subsequent active muscle relaxation with constant physical control of contact with a flat stop located on a movable bar of the load mechanism, are given in Table 2.

This experiment confirmed the possibility of modifying the loading spring mechanism of the complex as applied to solving problems of testing muscle movements in various bone-joint formations, in particular when testing with a support press.

Example 3. Subject N., 20 years. Almost healthy.

Type of testing - ergodynamic testing with maximum efforts developed by the flexor muscles of the elbow joint.

The final test protocol, including data on the determination of the main indicators of a single muscle contraction before maximum efforts and subsequent active muscle relaxation with constant physical control of contact with flexible rods attached to the free end of the movable rod of the load mechanism, are given in Table 3.

This experiment confirms the possibility of modifying the loading spring mechanism of the complex as applied to solving problems of testing muscle movements in various bone-joint formations, in particular when testing flexion

muscle in the elbow joint.

Example 4. Subject V., 25 years old. Almost healthy.

Type of testing - complex ergodynamammetric and psychophysiological testing using the proposed complex.

The final testing protocol, including data on the determination of the main indicators of muscle movements according to the algorithm for performing repeated cyclic isometric loads performed by a variable hand press with both hands simultaneously with continuous visual monitoring of the position of the light indicators of the position of the loading platforms, is given in Table 4.

This experiment confirmed the possibility of carrying out hardware ergodynamic and psychophysiological studies in express mode using the proposed complex.

Thus, the given examples of the practical use of the proposed hardware and software complex confirm the possibility of ergodynamic testing of actively performed muscle movements by various muscle groups and (or) a comprehensive psychophysiological study of the functional state of the human body in solving various problems in the field of medicine and sports with high reliability and informative results testing.

Table 1.
The main characteristics of ergodynamic testing of muscle movements according to the algorithm of the wrist press Indicators Actual Testing Data Using prototype ^*) the proposed complex 1. The latent period of reaction to the carpal press, s - 0.27 2. The total duration of the test load, s 0.11 0.25 3. Maximum power, kg 68 68 4. Time to reach maximum contraction force, s 0.11 0.11 5. The average rate of increase in muscle effort, kg / s 618.2 618.2 6. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 0-50% of the maximum force, kg / s - 650 7. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-100% of the maximum force, kg / s - 780 8. The coefficient of smoothness of movement in the phase of contraction, conventional units - 0.71 9. The coefficient of mobilization readiness, conventional units - 0.44 10. The duration of the relaxation phase, s - 0.14 11. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation, kg / s - 485.7 12. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 100-50% of the maximum strength, kg / s - 780.1 13. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-0% of the maximum strength, kg / s - 435.3 14. The coefficient of smoothness of relaxation, usled - 0.56 15. The coefficient of relaxation readiness, usled ~ 0.56 Note: ^*) - a device for studying the compression force of the brush

Table 2.
The main characteristics of ergodynamic testing of muscle movements according to the algorithm of the support leg press on a flat stop Indicators Actual testing data using the proposed complex 1. The latent period of reaction to the support bench press, s 0.29 2. The total duration of the test load, s 0.35 3. Maximum power, kg 88 4. Time to reach maximum contraction force, s 0.18 5. The average rate of increase in muscle effort, kg / s 488.9 6. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 0-50% of the maximum force, kg / s 550 7. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-100% of the maximum force, kg / s 440 8. The coefficient of smoothness of movement in the phase of contraction, conventional units 0.66 9. The coefficient of mobilization readiness, conventional units 0.51 10. The duration of the relaxation phase, s 0.17 11. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation, kg / s 517.6 12. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 100-50% of the maximum strength, kg / s 550 13. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-0% of the maximum strength, kg / s 480 14. The coefficient of smoothness of relaxation, usled 0.76 15. The coefficient of relaxation readiness, usled 0.49

Table 3.
The main characteristics of ergodynamic testing of muscle movements according to the algorithm for the development of maximum effort by the flexor muscles of the elbow joint Indicators Actual testing data using the proposed complex 1. The latent period of reaction to the support bench press, s 0.31 2. The total duration of the test load, s 0.35 3. Maximum power, kg 76 4. Time to reach maximum contraction force, s 0.18 5. The average rate of increase in muscle effort, kg / s 422 6. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 0-50% of the maximum force, kg / s 422 7. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-100% of the maximum force, kg / s 422 8. The coefficient of smoothness of movement in the phase of contraction, conventional units 1.00 9. The coefficient of mobilization readiness, conventional units 0.51 10. The duration of the relaxation phase, s 0.17 11. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation, kg / s 447 12. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 100-50% of the maximum strength, kg / s 380 13. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-0% of the maximum strength, kg / s 480 14. The coefficient of smoothness of relaxation, usled 0.71 15. The coefficient of relaxation readiness, usled 0.49

Table 4.
The main characteristics of the comprehensive psychophysiological and ergodynamic testing of muscle movements according to the algorithm for performing multiple cyclic isometric loads with a varying hand press with both hands simultaneously with continuous visual monitoring of the position of the light indicators of the position of the loading platforms Indicators Actual testing data using the proposed complex Right hand Left hand 1. Ergodynamic testing 1. The latent period of reaction to the support bench press, s 0.27 0.26 2. The total duration of the test load, s 0.25 0.24 3. Maximum power, kg 68 59 4. Time to reach maximum contraction force, s 0.11 0.10 5. The average rate of increase in muscle effort, kg / s 618.2 590 6. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 0-50% of the maximum force, kg / s 566.7 590 7. The average speed of the development of force in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-100% of the maximum force, kg / s 680 590 8. The coefficient of smoothness of movement in the phase of contraction, conventional units 0.80 1.00 9. The coefficient of mobilization readiness, conventional units 0.44 0.42 10. The duration of the relaxation phase, s 0.14 0.14 11. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation, kg / s 485.7 421.5 12. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by a range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 100-50% 780.1 421.5

from the maximum force, kg / s 13. The average rate of development of muscle relaxation in a segment limited by the range of phase forces of muscle contraction equal to 50-0% of the maximum strength, kg / s 435.3 421.5 14. The coefficient of smoothness of relaxation, usled 0.76 1.00 15. The coefficient of relaxation readiness, usled 0.56 0.58 2. Psychophysiological testing 2.1. The formation time of the motor program, s 0.26 0.25 2.2. The way to reach a given level of power retention Accurate 2.3. Power stabilizing mechanisms,% ideal retention thirty 45 2.4. The power of the corrective mechanisms,% retention in the target area 95 98 2.5. Activity Style Volleyy (HC ₁ > HC ₂ > HC ₃ ) 2.7. Criteria for Arbitrary Refusal to Hold Precision 2.6. The total amount of work performed, J 25 2.7. Pulse cost (total number of heart beats), beats 372 2.8. The coefficient of dynamic interhemispheric sensorimotor asymmetry 0.15 2.9. The noise immunity indicator to turn off the visual feedback control over the movement of the mark on the monitor screen, conv. 0.95 1.00 2.10. The noise immunity to relevant interference represented by additional signals requiring emergency response, conventional units 0.88 0.92 2.11. The noise immunity indicator for inverting the hemispheric perception of objective actions carried out by the right and left hand at the same time, conv. 1.00 1.00

SOURCES TAKEN ATTENTION

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Claims (2)

1. A hardware-software complex for ergodynamic and psychophysiological studies, containing two dynamometers, a power supply, a signal amplification and signal conversion unit, a data processing and visualization unit, characterized in that it contains two similar load spring mechanisms made in the form of articulated at one end movable and supporting rods strictly oriented relative to each other, on which transversely arranged laterally arranged rigidly mounted against each other with the possibility of arbitrary change There are loading platforms equipped with symmetrically arranged seats for springs - at least two on each side, while the base of one of the loading platforms is mounted on a movable rod through an elastic element containing a load cell, for example a strain gauge, a set of springs with similar sizes along the ends and various compression resistance, for example 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 mm / kg, a set of interchangeable tips, including palm and finger arms fixed to the free ends of the movable and supporting rods ki of a spatially freely located load spring mechanism when testing with a hand press, a flat stop fixed at the free end of the movable rod with simultaneous rigid fixation by a screw clamp of the support rod of the load spring mechanism to the common base of the complex when testing by contact pressure with various parts of the body, for example, palm, foot, forehead and other, flexible rods fixed to the free end of the movable rod, equipped with movable rod clamp stops, made with possible the ability to fix the horizontal and vertical planes in different positions with simultaneous rigid fixation by a screw clamp of the support rod of the load spring mechanism to the common base of the complex when testing with the forces developed by different muscle groups of the joints under study, two converters of the magnitude of the mechanical displacements of the loading platforms relative to each other into an equivalent electrical signal, each of which is made in the form of a pair of a permanent magnet and a Hall sensor, mounted against each other a friend on the loading platforms of the movable and supporting rods, sensors of the functions of the autonomic support systems, for example, electrodes for recording an electrocardiogram, myogram and skin-galvanic reaction, mounted on the human body, two DC amplifiers combined with the power supply unit, the inputs of which are connected to a load cell, Hall sensor and electrodes for recording the skin-galvanic reaction, as well as electrocardiographic and myographic amplifiers, the inputs of which are connected to the corresponding dates the functions of the autonomic support systems, while the outputs of the electrocardiographic and myographic amplifiers and DC amplifiers are connected via a multi-channel ADC to the inputs of the external asynchronous ports of the data processing and visualization unit, made, for example, on the basis of a personal computer containing programs of continuous visualization on the monitor screen of the spatial position of the spring load mechanisms of relative restrictive rods and real-time movement of both light indicators the ditch of the position of the loading platforms relative to each other with a physical act consciously controlled by actin on the movable and supporting rods according to rigid, sequentially defined algorithms with the possibility of choosing the individually maximally fast and strong build-up of forces to the limit values and the subsequent maximum reduction in the compression forces of the loading platforms to full muscle relaxation with constant physical control over the retention of the arms of the movable and supporting rods, as well as the mode and individually, as quickly as possible with both hands changing simultaneously the compression forces of the loading platforms when entering the zones of stable holding and the subsequent continuous volitional holding of the stable position of the loading platforms to an arbitrary failure with varying dosed muscular forces equal, for example, 75, 50 and 35% of the maximum effort developed each hand individually, with an arbitrarily set accuracy of permissible deviations from the position of ideal retention in the range of 1-20%, visually identifies mine on the monitor screen by the width of graphically displayed stripes that limit the allowable deviation from the isoline of the light indicator of the displacement of the loading platforms, in the presence of various relevant interference created, for example, by the supply of sudden light and sound signals when studying noise immunity, by suddenly disabling the visualization program on the monitor screen display light indicator of the position of the loading platforms - in the study of proprioceptive memory, inverting the sides visually the perception of light indicators of the position of the loading platforms on the monitor screen and the position of the hands on the tips of the bars of the loading mechanisms - in the study of the effectiveness of interhemispheric sensorimotor interactions, or in their absence, as well as a program of mathematical and statistical processing of frequency, amplitude, time and speed parameters of the displacement curves from the isoline light indicators of the position of both pairs of loading platforms in real time and indicators of the functions of the vegetative support systems with the possibility of compiling an individual integral psychophysiological profile of a person, including an assessment of the level of working capacity (subject-active potential) according to the quality, level and duration of holding the given position of the loading platforms, the level of physiological potential - according to the time of motor programming of the target setting at the beginning of the test, the level and duration of physiological deviations indicators from baseline values, the state of sensory-motor and interhemispheric interactions and the level of l potential potential - according to the strategy of entering the retention zone and the distribution of efforts between zones of continuous volitional retention of a stable position of load platforms with muscle efforts equal to, for example, 75, 50 and 35% of the maximum effort, as well as the priorities for choosing criteria for refusing voluntary retention position of loading platforms. 2. The hardware-software complex for ergodynamic and psychophysiological studies according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains additional clips for mechanically securing interchangeable contact rings, a set of interchangeable contact rings of various diameters, for example 10, 20, 50 mm and a common base of the complex, on which two clamps for mechanically securing the support rods and two space limiting rods are rigidly fixed symmetrically the position of interchangeable contact rings mounted on the load spring mechanisms, and the contact rings and restriction rods are electrically connected through a multi-channel ADC with the input of an external asynchronous port of the data processing and visualization unit.