RU5577U1 - SPACE BASIS MONITORING SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A space-based observation system comprising a research spacecraft and consumers of useful information, characterized in that a satellite-relay and receiving antennas of consumers are introduced into it, while the research spacecraft is connected by an information exchange channel to a satellite-relay on which the antenna is mounted, associated with the corresponding receiving antennas of consumers, the outputs of which are each connected with their consumers of useful information. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that several satellite transponders are introduced into it, interconnected by bilateral information exchange channels. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication between the repeater satellite and the research spacecraft is carried out by means of highly directional antennas or via an optical communication line. The system according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that a plurality of relay satellites are introduced into it, interconnected by bilateral information exchange channels.

Description

SPACE OF OBSERVATION, SPACE BASIS

The invention relates to the field of space technology and can be used to effectively conduct scientific observations by space means and prompt delivery of useful (scientific, reconnaissance, environmental, etc.) information to its consumers.

The well-known space-based observation system consists of research spacecraft carrying descent containers (or ballistic components) 113. The spacecraft, using the scientific equipment installed on it, makes all the necessary scientific (and economic) observations of space objects and objects on Earth . The scientific information obtained as a result of embarkation is accumulated on the corresponding physical media (film, film, magnetic information storage devices, etc.) whose stocks were originally delivered to the ICA. Accumulated scientific information is delivered to the Earth in descent containers, after which it is transmitted directly to consumers.

The monitoring system built according to the described scheme for the delivery of scientific information to consumers is simple, reliable, and provides high quality information received by consumers. However, the very principle of building a system and transmitting information to consumers makes it unoperative, and in some cases unsuitable for observing and evaluating highly dynamic natural phenomena and processes. A significant drawback of such an observation system is the need to have significant reserves of physical information carriers on board the research spacecraft, which narrows its capabilities and limits the time of active existence. In addition, the practical use of such a surveillance system requires additional funds — ballistic-navigational support for the descent of ballistic capsules and

claim service for their subsequent discovery on Earth. All these reasons greatly reduce the autonomy of the surveillance system and make it inflexible and expensive.

Closest to the technical essence is a space-based surveillance system based on the transmission of useful information via the radio telemetry system 23. We take it as a prototype. The main elements of the prototype system are: 1 - research spacecraft (IKA); 2 - consumers of useful information (PS); 3 - ground measuring station (NS); 4 - Flight Control Center (MCC), while the IKA is connected to the input of the NIP, the output of which is connected to the input of the MCC, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the PPI.

The presence in the prototype system of measuring points that ensure the reception of scientific information from the research spacecraft on the radio channel allows you to tear it to Earth in real time, which significantly increases the efficiency of the monitoring system and reduces the time of delivery of scientific information to end users. For the same reasons, the required reserves of physical information carriers on board the research spacecraft itself are significantly reduced, which expands its capabilities for its intended purpose. Therefore, it was chosen as a prototype.

The prototype system works as follows. During its flight in the target orbit, the research spacecraft performs the intended program of scientific (and national economic) observations, corresponding to its purpose and tasks. The results of embankments are either transmitted to .. Earth in the NPC directly by radio path, or stored on-board memory, depending on the presence of direct communication of the IKA with ground points at the time of observation. In the case of the presence of previously stored information when an IKA enters the visibility range of NIPs, it is transmitted over the air. Further, the scientific information accepted by the NIP is transmitted through the established communication channels to the MCC, from where it comes to the consumers of scientific information. The disadvantage of the prototype system is the impossibility in most cases to transmit scientific information in real time at once to its direct consumers, due to which this information itself may be partially depreciated. It should be borne in mind that there is an excessive number of information transfer links in the prototype system that introduce additional distortions of the information received by the research spacecraft and delays in its delivery. Also important is the limited circle of consumers of scientific information due to the possible lack of communication channels between the MCC and the consumer or the presence of unacceptable interference that inevitably occurs when transmitting information to areas remote from the MCC. The elimination of this limitation entails the need for the transfer of scientific measurements by transferring magnetic tapes (ML) to the consumer, which will drastically reduce the efficiency of the monitoring system as a whole and complicate it organizationally. A significant disadvantage of the prototype system may also be the fact that there is no communication channel from some of the measuring points involved in the monitoring system to the MCC, which requires the transmission of MLs or the use of satellite communications (note that relaying information through a communication satellite introduces additional interference, reducing the quality of scientific data). These shortcomings make the prototype system non-operational and autonomous, and also for many potential consumers of scientific information inaccessible. . The technical result of this invention is a significant increase in the number of subscribers to the system and high efficiency and autonomy, which makes it more accessible to most consumers of scientific (and national economic) information. Useful information obtained by the scientific equipment of the research spacecraft can be transmitted

the consumer almost without delay, regardless of his location and without involving additional ground services and communications.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, a space-based surveillance system containing a research spacecraft and consumers of useful information includes a satellite-relay and receiving antennas of consumers, while the research spacecraft is connected by an information exchange channel with a satellite-relay, on which has an antenna connected to the corresponding receiving antennas of the consumers, the outputs of which are each connected with their consumers is useful oh information.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the system according to paragraph 1, several relay satellites are introduced, interconnected by bilateral information exchange channels.

The indicated technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the system according to claim 1, communication between the repeater satellite and the research spacecraft is carried out by means of highly directional antennas or via an optical communication line.

The indicated technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the system according to points 1, 3, several satellite transponders are introduced, interconnected by bilateral information exchange channels.

The proposed system allows the delivery of scientific information from the research spacecraft to almost any predefined area of the Earth in real time, either by the means of the space observation system itself. Moreover, which is very important, by its construction it assumes rather simple means of receiving information from consumers. The presence in the proposed system of embankment of the satellite of the transponder located in a geostationary orbit with a point of one

- 5 positions over the area of grouping potential consumers of scientific information, allows it to be delivered to Earth at the rate of receiving onboard the research spacecraft and makes this system significantly different from the prototype., GP is in geostationary orbit, due to the following reasons: 1) ease of operation of the satellite system in terms of ballistic and navigational characteristics; 2) the minimum number of required elements of the system; 3) the possibility of long-term reception and transmission of information with motionless earth antennas (ease of receiving equipment of consumers); 4) a long time of active action of the system, because it does not require periodic correction of the movement of the SR; 5) the problem of power supply to the relay satellite has been resolved (99% of the electricity comes from the sun); 6) the frequency of communication zones with ICA of any type and stable transceiver in them; 7) lack of Doppler effect and increased noise immunity of communication channels; 8) involves the use of narrow antennas. A distinctive feature of the proposed system is the presence of a relay satellite in it, which provides radio communications of scientific information consumers with space-based means for collecting scientific information without intermediaries. This circumstance increases the autonomy of the system and the speed of delivery of scientific information to its consumers. The presence in the system of a satellite-relay connecting the board of the research 11 spacecraft with the consumers of scientific information via information channels, as well as the absence of any relationship between the consumers of scientific information and the MCC make it significantly different from

prototype systems.

We give a list of figures.

1 is a functional diagram of the proposed system;

E is a functional diagram of the proposed system according to paragraph 2.

The functional diagram of the proposed system is presented in figure 1, where 1 - research spacecraft- (IKA) 2 - consumers of useful information (PLI); 5 - satellite repeater (SR); b - receiving consumer antennas (PAP), while the IKA is connected by a communication channel to the SR, the antenna of which is connected to the corresponding receiving antennas of the consumers, the outputs of which are each connected with their consumers of useful information.

The central element of the proposed monitoring system is a research comic apparatus with scientific instruments and transmitting antennas installed on it, acting as a means of collecting scientific information and its primary transformation and processing. Consumer receiving antennas are the means of receiving scientific information coming from orbit with its subsequent transformation. The repeater satellite plays the role of an intermediary between the space and ground parts of the surveillance system, and, unlike the prototype, the time of communication between the spacecraft and the GP is an order of magnitude longer than with NPCs and does not require reconnection of the transmission and reception channels. To implement the communication between the research spacecraft and the superlattice, mobile highly directional antennas are installed on both of them, the axes of which are directed at each other. For communication between the SR and ground subscribers on the SR, it is sufficient to have a fixed antenna (s). The organization of such communication channels is well known and is widely used in various fields of economic activity of the North-West. The immobility of the SR relative to the Earth's surface allows consumers to have a constant connection with the SR and greatly simplifies the consumer equipment due to the immobility of the receiving antennas, which makes such a system publicly available.

The transfer of scientific information from the research spacecraft to the Earth through a satellite-relay allows consumers to receive it in real time at almost the entire time the spacecraft flies over the areas of interest, which significantly increases the efficiency of the monitoring system and reduces the time of delivery of scientific information to end consumers. For the same reasons, the required reserves of physical information carriers on board the research spacecraft itself are significantly reduced, which expands its capabilities for its intended purpose.

The functional diagram of the proposed system according to paragraph 2 is presented in Fig. G, where 1 is a research spacecraft (IKA); 2 consumers of useful information (SH); 5 - relay satellites (SR); 6 - receiving consumer antennas (PAP), while the IKA is connected via communication channels to relay satellites, each GP is connected through its antenna to the receiving antennas of consumers located in the zone of its visibility, the outputs of which are connected directly with their consumers of scientific information, the SRs themselves are connected between two-way information exchange channels.

Introduction to the monitoring system of a system of associated information-satellite transponders increases the global character of the proposed system,

since it allows consumers from the zone of visibility of one SR to receive the flow of scientific information when the research spacecraft is in the zone of visibility of another SR.

Consider the operation of the system. During its flight in the target orbit, the research spacecraft fulfills the intended program of scientific (and national economic) observations, which corresponds to its purpose and tasks. The results of observations are either transmitted to Earth

- 7 -

- 8 through the SR via the radio path, or stored on-board memory, depending on the location of the ICA in the line of sight of the SR at the time of observation. In the case of the presence of previously stored information when the ICA enters the SR visibility zone, it is transmitted to the SR, from where it is transmitted directly to the receiving antennas of the consumers via the radio channel and diverges to the scientific information consumers and other interested users. The direction of the SR - IKA in the inertial reference system is determined by the expression: | - / where "(R 21 is the radius vector of CP and ICA, respectively. The direction to CP in the coordinate system associated with ICA is determined - - jt by the expression: YL А У Л",. The direction to ICA in the coordinate system associated with CP is determined - - And in terms of g / K L with where A A L are the quaternions that determine the orientation of the IKA and SR relative to the inertial reference frame.The definition of the mutual visibility of the elements of the IKA and SR observation system is part of the standard ballistic support for the IKA flight. basing can provide scientific information to all consumers in the service sector of this satellite) transponder. For multi-purpose research spacecraft (for example, a manned orbital station), the obtained scientific information may be useful for consumers who are separated from each other by significant distances exceeding the coverage area of one SR. Then there is a need for several SRs, i.e. in the system of satellite transponders, each of which is assigned to its own group of consumers. There are two ways to solve the problem. FIRST - autonomous interaction of the monitoring system with consumers, Osobenot - each SR serves its own wonders (the set of receiver antennas of consumers) on Earth. This is essentially a simple combination of several monitoring systems, in which ICA is a common element of all individual systems. The second is complex, or systemic; interaction of the surveillance system with consumers. The difference is that SRs are interconnected by information communication channels. This enables the consumer from one service area to receive scientific information from another, inaccessible area of the Earth served by another SR, and thereby giving the surveillance system a more universal and global character.

E |) the effectiveness of the proposed system is determined primarily by the fact that it gives the fundamental possibility of direct access of an arbitrary consumer of scientific information to space assets

observation and collection of scientific information, thereby significantly increasing the autonomy and efficiency of the monitoring system, as well as the reliability of the received information.

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Earth surface sensing systems. 1993.

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orbital stations. 1984.

3.N.I. Kalashnikov. Communication systems via artificial satellites

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Claims (4)

1. A space-based observation system comprising a research spacecraft and consumers of useful information, characterized in that a satellite-relay and receiving antennas of consumers are introduced into it, while the research spacecraft is connected by an information exchange channel to a satellite-relay on which the antenna is mounted, connected with the corresponding receiving antennas of consumers, the outputs of which are each connected with their consumers of useful information.  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it introduced several satellite transponders, interconnected by bilateral information exchange channels.  3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication between the repeater satellite and the research spacecraft is carried out by means of highly directional antennas or via an optical communication line.  4. The system according to PP.1 and 3, characterized in that it introduced several satellite transponders, interconnected by bilateral channels of information exchange.