RU55249U1 - DEVICE FOR GROWING PLANTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF PROTECTED SOIL AND MOBILE Dismountable MULTI-TIED RACK FOR GROWING PLANTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF PROTECTED SOIL - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed group of utility models, so interconnected that they form a single creative concept, relates to agriculture and can be used in crop production in the construction of sheltered soil. The task to which utility models are directed is to increase the efficiency of the device. Technical results that can be obtained by implementing the claimed utility models are to ensure uniform illumination of plants and reduce light loss, as well as to avoid overheating and damage to the leaf cover of cultivated plants. A device for growing plants in a protected ground contains: a plant cultivation system comprising a vertical multi-tiered rack installation with shelves for vegetation trays with plants; systems for creating the required climate and light regimes, the last of which includes at least one lighting source, configured to move up and down between the tiers of the rack installation; means providing during the irradiation period a continuous reverse movement of the light source between tiers. Preferably, the rack installation was configured to transform at least one multi-tiered cell, in plan of each tier representing a polyhedron, the edges of which are formed by shelves with vegetation trays, while the light source was installed so that the trajectory of its reverse movement passes inside the polyhedron, preferably through its center. It is also preferable that the number of light sources correspond to the number of cells formed during the transformation of the rack installation. It is also preferable that the light sources in adjacent multi-tier cells are installed with the possibility of movement in opposite directions. The collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants in protected ground conditions contains sections from shelves mounted in tiers on four racks. Sections are combined into modules, each of which includes three sections arranged sequentially in a row - two extreme and one central. Sections

interconnected by swivel with the possibility of rotation of the extreme sections around a vertical axis to the center of the module with the formation of a U-shaped profile. Preferably, at least one of the uprights in each of the end sections is provided with a support roller. It is also preferable that the rack contains at least two mirrored with the passage of the located modules, the Central sections of which in the upper part were interconnected by diagonal ties. 2 independent claims; 5 dependent points; 4 FIG. drawing.

Description

A group of useful models is declared that are so interconnected that they form a single creative concept.

The inventive utility models relate to agriculture and can be used in the field of crop production in the construction of sheltered soil.

A device for growing plants in a protected ground is known, which is a greenhouse containing an external translucent heat-shielding fence, a cultivation system including vegetative blocks mounted in parallel to each other, consisting of triangular frames, on which side trays for plants are tiered fixed. The system for regulating light and thermal conditions in the plant habitat zone contains blocks for heating the greenhouse and plant irradiation. The plant irradiation unit includes artificial irradiation sources equipped with reflectors and arranged in rows in between vegetation blocks in a space limited by a heat-reflecting reflective screen installed under the roof of the greenhouse and heat-correcting light-permeable screens placed parallel to the side surfaces of the triangular frames of adjacent vegetative blocks facing each other over trays for plants (patent No. 2083087 for the invention "Greenhouse" IPC 6 A 01 G 31/02, A 01 G 9/22, A 01 G 9/2 4, published on July 10, 1997) The well-known greenhouse is characterized by high capital costs and uneven illumination of plants, which reduces yield.

A device for growing plants in trays installed on the basis of the greenhouse and triangular frames of the vegetation blocks, comprising a first section of optical radiation sources for placement above the trays between adjacent vegetation blocks and a second section of optical radiation sources for installation in the cavity between the triangular frames of each vegetation block and the base greenhouses. The sources of optical radiation of the second section are made with a decrease in the ratio of the energy flux in the spectral range of 600-700 nm to the total energy flux in the entire radiation spectrum of each of the optical sources

radiation from 60-80% to 30-40% with increasing placement height of these optical radiation sources relative to the base of the greenhouse (patent No. 2029458 for the invention "DEVICE FOR IRRADING PLANTS" IPC 6 A 01 G 31/02, A 01 G 9/14, A 01 G 9/22, A 01 G 9/24, publ. 02.27.1995). The known device is characterized by high energy and capital costs.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is known for the set of essential features and selected as a prototype device for growing plants in protected ground conditions, containing a plant cultivation system, including a vertical multi-tiered rack installation with shelves for vegetation trays with plants and systems for creating the required climate and light conditions . The device is equipped with light sources and means for supplying carbon dioxide. Lighting sources are garlands of lamps located parallel to each other, made with the possibility of moving up and down between the tiers of vegetation trays. Each of the garlands is fixed to the suspension mounted on the axis of rotation. Installations with vegetation trays are located one above the other with the formation of vertical through technical channels and are interconnected at the places of their contact with floor floors, and light sources and means for supplying carbon dioxide are located in through technical channels through a tier in a checkerboard pattern on the rotation axis placed above the upper installation for containers, and the axis of rotation is connected to the electric drive. The light sources fixed with garlands include a photoperiod ("day") for a certain duration of exposure, after which the light sources are moved up or down (patent No. 2084123 for the invention "Greenhouse", IPC A 01 G 9/14, publ. July 20, 1997 .).

A disadvantage of the known device is the uneven illumination of plants and the irrational use of light, which leads to lower yields and high energy costs. The different remoteness of individual plants from light sources during the irradiation period (day photoperiod) determines the different intensity of their illumination, and the static position of the illumination source during the irradiation period (day photoperiod) leads to overheating and damage to leaf cover areas of the closest plants due to thermal burns. All this reduces the yield of the known method. The use of “garlands” of lighting sources does not ensure uniform illumination of all plants, but significantly increases energy and capital costs.

The task to which the claimed utility model is directed is to increase the efficiency of the device.

Technical results that can be obtained by implementing the claimed utility model are to ensure uniform illumination of plants, as well as to avoid overheating and damage to the leaf cover

cultivated plants. In some cases, the execution is achieved an additional technical result - the reduction of light loss.

The indicated technical results are achieved by the fact that the device for growing plants in protected ground conditions contains: a plant cultivation system including a vertical multi-tiered rack installation with shelves for vegetation trays with plants; systems for creating the required climate and light regimes, the last of which includes at least one lighting source, configured to move up and down between the tiers of the rack installation; means providing during the irradiation period a continuous reverse movement of the light source between tiers

Preferably, the rack installation was configured to transform at least one multi-tiered cell, in plan of each tier representing a polyhedron, the edges of which are formed by shelves with vegetation trays, while the light source was installed so that the trajectory of its reverse movement passes inside the polyhedron, preferably through its center.

It is also preferable that the number of light sources correspond to the number of cells formed during the transformation of the rack installation.

It is also preferable that the light sources in adjacent multi-tier cells are installed with the possibility of movement in opposite directions.

A comparative analysis of the claimed utility model with the prototype showed that in all cases it is different from the well-known, closest technical solution in that it contains a means that provides continuous reverse movement of the light source between tiers during the irradiation period.

In some cases, the implementation of the claimed utility model differs from the known above, closest to it:

- the implementation of a rack installation with the possibility of transforming at least one multi-tiered cell, in the plan of each tier a polyhedron, the faces of which are formed by shelves with vegetation trays, setting the light source in such a way that the path of its reverse movement passes through the center of the polyhedron;

- the implementation of the number of light sources corresponding to the number of cells formed during the transformation of the rack installation;

- the establishment of light sources in adjacent multi-tier cells with the possibility of movement in opposite directions.

The presence of a vertical multi-tiered rack installation with shelves for vegetation trays with plants, the implementation of a lighting source with the possibility

moving up and down between the tiers of the rack installation and the availability of funds that provide continuous reverse movement between the tiers of the light source during the irradiation period, ensures uniform illumination of plants and eliminates overheating and damage to the leaf cover. All this leads to accelerated plant development and increased productivity of protected ground structures.

The implementation of the rack installation with the possibility of transforming at least one multi-tiered cell, in the plan of each tier is a polyhedron, the faces of which are formed by shelves with vegetation trays, as well as the execution of the lighting source installed in such a way that the path of its reverse movement passes inside the cell through the center of the polyhedron provides equidistance to all plants from the light source, creates the most favorable lighting conditions and provides a reduction in light Eph.

The implementation of light sources in adjacent multi-tier cells installed with the possibility of simultaneous movement in opposite directions provides uniform illumination of plants from both the "front" and the "back" side, which enhances the claimed technical result.

The proposed device for growing plants in a protected ground is illustrated by schematic drawings.

Figure 1 shows a device for growing plants in a protected ground, a cross section.

Figure 2 shows a device for growing plants in a protected ground, top view.

A device for growing plants in a protected ground contains a plant cultivation system, a system for creating the required climate regime and a system for creating the required light regime.

The system for creating the required climate regime (not shown in the drawing) is designed to heat plants and maintain the necessary temperature and humidity, as well as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air in a protected ground. This could be, for example, a water heating system with ground heating pipes. A plant heating system using solar energy can be used.

The plant cultivation system is a vertical multi-tiered rack installation 1, containing racks 2 with shelves 3 for vegetation trays. Racks 2 are installed in pairs of rows r _{1 ... i} with technological passages p _{1 ... i} inside each pair. Shelves 3 for vegetation trays are installed with the possibility of transforming racks 2 into at least one multi-tiered cell, in the plan of each tier a polyhedron S, the faces of which are formed by shelves 3. For example, shelves 3 are connected in sections of 3

pieces, while the extreme shelves are fixed pivotally, with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, into the technological passage p _{1 ... i} .

The system for creating the required light regime includes at least one light source 4, and a mechanism 5, for example, a hydraulic drive that provides continuous reverse movement of the light source up and down between the tiers of the racks 2 during the period of plant irradiation (photoperiod “day”). The hydraulic drive drives the shaft 6, on which light sources 4 are suspended through the blocks 7 on the cables 8. Electric lamps can be used as light sources 4.

Preferably, the light source 4 is installed so that the path of its movement passes inside the polyhedron S, through the center.

Preferably, the number of light sources 4 corresponds to the number of multi-tier cells S formed during the transformation of the rack installation. It is preferable that the light sources 4 (i) and 4 (i + 1) located in adjacent rows ri, ri + 1 are suspended on the shaft 6 through blocks 7 (i), 7 (i + 1) on the cables 8 (i) and 8 (i + 1) in such a way that one of the cables, for example, 8 (i) is wound onto the drum shaft 6 clockwise, and the other 8 (i + 1) counterclockwise. This ensures the simultaneous movement of the lamps in opposite directions - when the lamp 4 (i) moves down, the lamp 4 (i + 1) moves up, and vice versa. A control device (not shown in the drawing) controls the speed of the lamps, providing when the light source 4 approaches the extreme points of movement (upper or lower), a gradual deceleration and speed increase when the direction of movement of the light source is reversed. The control device provides regulation of the power of the radiation sources, depending, for example, on natural light.

In the passages between the racks are located conduits 9 drip irrigation and electrical cables with junction boxes (not shown in the drawing).

The operation of the device is as follows.

In structures of sheltered soil, rows of racks are located. So, in greenhouses with a standard span width of 6.4 m, you can arrange 8 rows of shelves 2.5 m high, consisting of 3 shelves 60 cm long and 20-40 cm wide or 6 rows of shelves with a shelf length of 100 cm (depending on parameters greenhouses, cultivated crops and substrate) for vegetation trays. The number of tiers depends on the culture and is, for example, when growing cucumbers 3 tiers, pepper, eggplant - 3-4 tiers, tomato, gerbera - 4-5 tiers, for potted flowers - 6 tiers., Garden strawberries - 6 tiers. An increase in the span width of greenhouses to 8.0 m makes it possible to increase the length of shelves 3 to 1.0 m, and the number of tiers, for example, when growing a tomato, to 8. By turning the hinged shelves 3 into the process passage ri

the racks are transformed into multi-tiered cells, inside of which the light source 4 carries out a reverse movement. At a height of racks of 2, 5 m, the amplitude of movement of the lamps is 1, 7 m. To perform work on caring for the plants, the lamps are stopped and turned off, preferably at their extreme points movements, movable shelves 3 of racks 2 lead to their original position, placing them, as a rule, parallel to pipes 9 above-ground heating. Since light sources 4 are located in the center of the hexagon and are surrounded by plants on all sides, the loss of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) is sharply reduced, and continuous movement avoids burns from overheating and increases the density of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPFD) several times without increasing the power consumption.

A known rack for growing plants in a protected ground, including triangular frames with plant trays installed on them (patent No. 2054246 for the invention "Greenhouse", IPC A 01 G 31/02, A 01 G 9/24, A 01 G 9/26 , published on February 20, 1996). The disadvantage of the rack is the inaccessibility of the upper tiers when carrying out technological operations to care for plants and harvest.

Known rack for growing plants in protected ground, containing vertical rectangular frames and placed in tiers of trays for growing plants (patent No. 2080053 for the invention "GREENHOUSE"., IPC A 01 G 31/02, A 01 G 9/24, A 01 G 9 / 26, A 01 G 9/14, publ. 05.27.1997). The design of the rack is a bulky stationary structure, not adapted for transformation

Known collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants, closest to the claimed by the combination of essential features and selected as a prototype. The well-known rack contains sections from shelves mounted in tiers on four racks. The racks are made detachable in height and are connected by jumpers and couplers installed with the possibility of moving along the racks and fixing in any place. On each pair of couplers of one level, a shelf, or at least two rods with the possibility of removal, is installed. The upper ends of the racks are connected to each other with the possibility of fastening and unfastening (patent No. 18610 for the utility model "Dismountable MULTI-TIRE RACK", IPC A 01 G 31/02, A 01 G 9/02, publ. 10. 07.2001) .

A collapsible design expands the functionality of the rack, however, it does not provide uniform lighting and reduce light loss during artificial lighting of plants, for example, by optical radiation.

The problem to which the claimed utility model is directed is to increase the efficiency of the device.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the inventive utility model is to create a design that reduces light loss and increases the uniformity of lighting when growing plants in a protected ground, as well as increasing the efficiency of the area and volume of protected ground structures.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants in protected ground conditions contains sections of shelves mounted in tiers on four racks. Sections are combined into modules, each of which includes three sections arranged sequentially in a row - two extreme and one central. The sections are interconnected by a swivel with the ability to rotate the extreme sections around a vertical axis to the center of the module with the formation of a U-shaped profile. Preferably, at least one of the uprights in each of the end sections is provided with a support roller. It is also preferable that the rack contains at least two mirrored with the passage of the located modules, the Central sections of which in the upper part were interconnected by diagonal ties.

Comparative analysis with the prototype showed that in all cases of execution the claimed utility model differs from the well-known, closest technical solution in that:

- sections are combined into modules, each of which includes three sections arranged sequentially in a row - two extreme and one central, interconnected by swivel with the ability to rotate the extreme sections around a vertical axis to the center of the module with the formation of a U-shaped profile.

In some cases, the execution of the claimed utility model differs from the known:

- the implementation of at least one of the racks in each of the extreme sections provided with a support roller;

- the presence of two mirrored with a passage located modules, the central sections of which are in the upper part interconnected by diagonal couplers.

The implementation of a collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants in protected ground conditions, containing modules, each of which includes three sections arranged in series in a row from shelves mounted in tiers on four racks, connecting adjacent sections to each other by hinging with the ability to rotate the extreme sections around the vertical axis toward the central section with the formation of a U-shaped profile, allows the implementation of a method of growing plants that reduces losses

light radiation and ensuring uniform illumination of plants and increase the coefficient of useful use of the area and volume of protected ground structures. The optimal result is achieved with a mirror-mounted, with an aisle arrangement of modules, which allows transforming racks into multi-tiered closed cells, inside of which the light source will reverse movement.

The proposed collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants in a protected ground is illustrated by the schematic drawings presented in figure 3, 4.

Figure 3 presents a schematic drawing of a module collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants, General view.

Figure 4 presents a multi-tiered closed cell formed by two modules of collapsible multi-tiered rack, top view.

The collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants in protected ground conditions consists of sections 10, each of which contains shelves 3, mounted in tiers on four racks 11 using known means of detachable fastening - bolts, screws, etc. The shelves can be installed using additional devices, for example, brackets, pairwise fastening racks (not shown in the drawing). The number of tiers with shelves and the height between tiers can be changed depending on the crop grown. Sections are combined into modules, each of which includes three sections 10 (a), 10 (b), 10 (c) arranged consecutively in a row, two of which 10 (a) and 10 (c) are extreme, and one 10 ( b) - central. Adjacent sections are interconnected by a swivel joint 12 with the possibility of rotation of the extreme 10 (a) and 10 (c) sections around a vertical axis to the center of the module with the formation of a U-shaped profile. As the hinge joint 12, known types of joints, for example, door (furniture) hinges, can be used. At least one of the struts 11 in each of the extreme sections 10 (a) and 10 (c), for example, the one furthest from the hinge 13, is provided with a support roller 13. This facilitates the rotation of the extreme sections. It is preferable to arrange the modules in pairs in parallel, mirror to each other with a passage. For greater stability, the central sections of parallel modules 10 (b1), 10 (b2) in the upper part are interconnected by diagonal couplers 14.

Collapsible multi-tiered rack works as follows.

Rack modules are arranged in pairs with technological passages inside each pair. During the lighting period, the extreme sections of the modules 10 (a1), 10 (a2), 10 (b1), 10 (b2) are turned towards the center of the passage, and a hexagon is formed. In the center of the hexagon, the electric lamp constantly moves up and down. Using the inventive design can reduce the loss of light radiation and to ensure uniform illumination of plants. To care for plants, the extreme sections 10 (a), 10 (b) are returned to their original position. So

Thus, the working passages for caring for plants inside each pair of racks are combined with the working pass for the movement of lamps, which allows to increase the efficiency of use of the area and volume.

Claims (7)

1. A device for growing plants in protected ground, containing a system of cultivation of plants, including a vertical multi-tiered rack installation for vegetation trays with plants, a system for creating the required climate and light conditions, the latter of which includes at least one light source made with the ability to move up and down between the tiers of the rack installation, characterized in that it contains means that provide continuous reverse movement of the source between the tiers during the period of plant irradiation. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rack installation is configured to transform at least one multi-tiered cell, in terms of each tier a polyhedron, the faces of which are formed by shelves with vegetation trays, and the light source is installed in this way that the trajectory of its reverse movement passes through the center of the polyhedron. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of light sources corresponds to the number of cells formed during the transformation of the rack installation. 4. The device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the light sources in adjacent multi-tier cells are installed with the possibility of movement in opposite directions. 5. Collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants in a protected ground, containing sections of shelves mounted in tiers on four racks, characterized in that the sections are combined into modules, each of which includes three sections arranged in series in a row, two extreme and one central, interconnected by a swivel with the ability to rotate the extreme sections around a vertical axis to the center of the module with the formation of a U-shaped profile. 6. Collapsible multi-tiered rack according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the racks in each of the extreme sections is equipped with a support roller. 7. Collapsible multi-tiered rack according to any one of paragraphs.5 and 6, characterized in that it contains at least two mirrored with a passage located modules, the Central sections of which in the upper part are pulled together by diagonal ties.