RU52504U1 - INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTING AND REGULATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES CONSUMPTION IN HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to means of accounting for the consumption of utilities in housing and communal services, in particular, to systems for the generation and control of measurement information according to primary parameters that determine the consumption by tenants of utilities, including processing information to obtain values (values) of energy resources actually consumed by consumers and managing energy supply systems according to the information transmitted in the operation and maintenance of residential buildings and settlements for utility services and can be used in housing and communal services for any type of building and heating system. The inventive system contains installed in the apartments electricity meters 1, gas meters 2 and water meters 3, interface modules 4, smart sensors 5 for temperature conversion for monitoring the heat consumption of apartments, smart sensors 6 for the amount of hot and cold water, thermostatic valves, as well as local concentrators 7 for collection and processing information, each of which contains a processor 8, a memory element 9, and a power source 10 (mains or battery) and is equipped with interface modules 11 for communication with apartments monitors 12, a home hub 13, and with the aforementioned counters 1-3 and sensors 5, 6. The counters 1, 2, 3 are also equipped with interface modules 4 for signal conversion. The system also includes a set of 14 equipment for common house-based commercial metering of heat and water consumption installed in the house and including a house heat meter 15 installed in an individual heating unit 15 and connected to a house concentrator 13 connected via a modem 17 and a communication channel 18 to the central control room 19 The Central Dispatch Station (CDL) 19 contains a computer used to identify the controlled object, store an archive of data on energy consumption, print receipts about ate and payment control.

The introduction of smart sensors in the apartment’s equipment for monitoring the parameters of heat and water supply systems, as well as monitors of local concentrators, which represent data collection devices with memory elements that allow collecting, displaying and controlling information on energy consumption from each apartment and house, when used for optimization individual consumption of energy resources of thermostatic valves in apartments in aggregate using the computer of the central control room d I perform the functions of identifying the objects of observation, data storage in their consumption of energy and valuation of energy consumed can expand the operational capabilities of the system for dispatching utility bills for water, sanitation and heating in full and reduce the cost of the consumer due to more accurate accounting of energy consumption.

Description

The utility model relates to means of accounting for the consumption of utilities in housing and communal services, in particular, to systems for generating, monitoring measuring information according to the primary parameters that determine the tenants' consumption of utilities (hot and cold water, heat and electricity, gas), and transmitting it for processing in order to obtain values (values) of energy resources actually consumed by consumers from the transmitted information and to monitor the health of system elements during operation and maintenance of residential buildings and settlements for utilities and can be used in housing and communal services for all types of buildings and heat supply systems.

A known system of network dispatch control, described in the article "From dispatching elevators - to the computerization of enterprises" in the journal "Housing and communal services", 2001, No. 6 p.16-20.

The known system includes telemechanics complexes installed in each of the housing offices, and a network dispatch control system that integrates them, including the equipment of the facility: security alarm and diagnostics of elevators, pressure, flow, temperature sensors for monitoring the heating and water supply systems, actuators, and a central console in the form of a radio station at a control room connected to scheduling objects by wire or radio communication through appropriate modems.

A disadvantage of the known system is that it has limited operational capabilities in terms of energy saving, because It is mainly intended for monitoring and diagnostics of elevators and is quite expensive, as uses telecom complexes. Unfortunately, the article describes the system very briefly.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a device for monitoring housing and communal information, described in the eponymous clause of the Russian Federation No. 2141626, class. G 01 F 1/00, A 62 C 2/00, G 08 B 17/00, c. 07/14/97, op. 11/20/99 and selected as a prototype.

The known device includes home controllers with storage devices containing the addresses of houses, modems, an electronic computer of the central control room with a timer for storing events in time and a printer to provide legal reporting and printing invoices payable by tenants, a personal computer with sound and light alarms located in the security guards on duty, elevator operation sensors with help desks, cable, mail, telephone and / or ra communication channels, as well as unified sensors of electrical signals for temperature, pressure and volumetric flow rate of gas installed in apartments of residential buildings, sensors of electrical signals for temperature and volumetric flow rate of water, located at characteristic points of apartment heating systems, drinking and hot water systems, microcontrollers made with the ability to memorize apartment numbers and determine the mass gas flow rate and drinking water flow rate, the energy content of hot water and heat, taking into account the temperature error and storing these values for the period of power outage, equipped with autonomous power sources, electronic converter units with network power sources, security assistance call desks, and also contains blocks of apartment meters of actually consumed gas by its mass, heat and electricity, drinking water and energy content hot water, made in the form of electromechanical counters of electrical impulses corresponding to the specified "unit" sizes consumed th energy carrier with the possibility of their placement outside the flats, the sensors and control units, security assistance call connected via electronic converters with microcontrollers which are connected to blocks room counters and domovmi controllers connected via modems and communication channels with the central control computer PC and duty

parts of the fire department, police, ambulance, gas emergency service, housing and communal services or elevator services located near the house whose residents need help.

In the known system, the current housing and communal information is periodically periodically collected by a computer through modems, a telephone network, cable or radio channels from home microcontrollers. A person who needs help can press the call button for the appropriate help and the call signal interrupts the computer's data collection and enters through the computer of the central control room, where it is stored with the time stamp and address, to the nearest fire department, police, ambulance, emergency gas service, housing and communal services or elevator services.

The main technical result of the known device is to increase the amount of information for analyzing the state of housing and communal services

A disadvantage of the known device is its limited operational capabilities, due to the use of analog circuitry and technical solutions, eliminating the possibility of exchanging information of devices of various levels (apartment, house, system) and the possibility of implementing multi-tariff meters, which does not allow reducing consumer costs. In addition, the known device cannot be used in buildings with vertical wiring of heating systems.

The objective of the claimed system is to expand its operational capabilities while reducing consumer costs by providing more accurate individual metering and regulation of energy consumption.

The problem is solved in that in an integrated system of individual metering and regulation of energy consumption in housing and communal services, including temperature, gas, electricity and water sensors installed in apartments of residential buildings, made in the form of electromechanical electric pulse counters corresponding to specified “single” the amount of energy consumed, and located at characteristic points of the heating systems of apartments, cold and hot water supply systems,

local concentrators made with the possibility of storing apartment numbers and collecting data on gas consumption, electricity, drinking water consumption, hot water energy content and storing these values for the period of power outage, equipped with autonomous power sources, electronic converter units with network power sources, and home hubs with storage devices containing addresses of houses, modems, an electronic computer of the central control room with t an timer for remembering events in time and a printer to print out certificates of actually consumed energy resources, while the sensors are connected to local concentrators, which are connected to house concentrators, connected via modems and communication channels to computers of the central dispatch center of the housing and communal services, ACCORDING TO THE USEFUL MODEL , the equipment of the apartment contains additionally wired or wireless apartment monitors to display information about energy consumed physically x and cost units and health of system elements, and as sensors of temperature and water flow rate, we used intelligent temperature conversion sensors and intelligent sensors for converting the amount of hot and cold water or electromechanical water meters with a pulse output in conjunction with interface modules, designed respectively to account for individual consumption heat and hot and cold water, with intelligent sensors for temperature, the amount of hot and cold water They are connected to local concentrators directly, and gas, electricity and water meters are connected to local concentrators using interface modules used to convert pulse signals to digital, the system also includes individual thermostatic valves to maintain optimal thermal conditions in a separate apartment and a home heat meter, installed in an individual heating center for metering energy resources, while local concentrators serve as devices for collecting information from smart sensors, connected via buses to sensors and counters, through interface modules connected to apartment

monitors and with a home concentrator, which is also a device for collecting information from local concentrators and from a home heat meter and is connected to the central control center via a wireless or wired communication channel, while the computer of the central control center performs the functions of dispatching the number of consumed services for each apartment and monitoring faults and a computing device for transmitting the necessary information.

Introduction to the equipment of the apartment of smart sensors for monitoring the parameters of heat and water supply systems, as well as apartment monitors and local concentrators, representing data collection devices with memory elements that allow you to collect, display and monitor information on energy consumption in each apartment and house, when used for optimizing the heat consumption of a complex of equipment from a home heat meter in an individual heat point and thermostatic valves in apartments for regulating The use and optimization of heat supply modes together with the use of a computer at the central control room to perform the functions of identifying monitoring objects, storing the data of their energy consumption and calculating the cost of energy consumed makes it possible to expand the operational capabilities of the system for dispatching housing and communal services and reduce consumer costs by providing more accurate accounting energy resources.

The technical result is the provision of individual monitoring and regulation of energy consumption in real time. Compared with the prototype, the claimed system has novelty, differing from it by the presence of such essential features as the introduction of smart sensors in the equipment of apartments for monitoring the parameters of heat, water and energy supply systems, apartment monitors and local concentrators, as well as a house concentrator, which are collection devices and displaying information about energy resources consumed, and using heat and water consumption, a complex of equipment from a home heat meter in ind to optimize vidual heating units and thermostatic valves in homes for the optimization modes

heat supply, using the computer of the central control room as an identification tool, a memory unit and a computing device that together achieve the desired result - the possibility of involving the consumer (tenant) in the reform process of the housing and communal services system by providing him with the possibility of individual monitoring and regulation of energy consumption in real time.

The inventive integrated system of individual metering and regulation of energy consumption can be widely used in the housing and communal services of the country, and therefore meets the criterion of "industrial applicability". The inventive utility model is illustrated by drawings, which are presented on:

- figure 1 is a functional diagram of the system;

- figure 2 is a functional diagram of a local hub.

The inventive system (figure 1) contains installed in apartments (apartment) electricity meters 1, gas meters 2, water meters 3, interface modules 4, smart sensors 5 for temperature conversion for monitoring the heat consumption of apartments, smart sensors 6 for converting the amount of hot and cold water, thermostatic valves (not indicated and not shown in the drawings), as well as local hubs 7 (FIG. 2) for collecting and processing information, each of which contains a processor 8, a memory element 9 and a power source 10 ( from a network or battery) and is equipped with interfaces 11 for communication with apartment monitors 12, a house hub 13 and with the mentioned counters 1, 2, 3 and sensors. 5, 6. Counters 1, 2, 3 are also equipped with interface modules 4 for signal conversion. The system also includes a set of 14 equipment for common-house commercial metering of heat and water consumption installed in the house, including a heat meter 15 installed in an individual heating unit 16. The heat meter 15 is connected to a home concentrator 13 connected via a modem 17 and a communication channel 18 to a central control center 19. The central control room (DAC) 19 contains a computer used to identify the controlled object, store an archive of data on energy consumption, print receipts about payment and payment control.

The purpose and implementation of nodes and elements is as follows. Electric meters 1, gas meters 2 and water meters 3 are used to measure the flow of electricity, gas and water and are standard meters with a pulse output signal and equipped with interface modules 4 for signal conversion.

Intelligent sensor 5 temperature conversion (ISPT) is used to directly measure the thermal energy of the apartment consumed by each apartment and contains a heat-sensitive element and an electronic signal conversion unit.

Intelligent sensor 6 converting the amount of water (ISPK) is used to determine the volume of water consumed and contains a wing meter for the amount of water and an integrated interface module for converting the signal.

Water metering can also be carried out using standard water meters with a pulse output and an interface module.

Thermostatic valves are used to regulate the individual consumption of thermal energy.

The local concentrator (LK) 7 (apartment or driveway) is designed to collect data from individual metering devices, transfer them to the house concentrator and to the apartment monitor. It can be used as both apartment and riser. The local hub 7 (see Fig. 2) contains a processor 8, a memory element 9, a power source 10 and interfaces 11 ′, 11 ″ and 11 ″ ″ for communication with sensors 5, 6 and counters 1-3, respectively, through interface modules 4, the home hub 13 and the monitor 12. In this case, with the sensors 5 and 6 and the counters 1-3, the local hub 7 is connected using the apartment bus 20 (see figure 1). The monitor 12 is autonomous, and has the ability to connect to a local hub 7 via a wireless or wired communication channel via an apartment bus

The house concentrator (DK) 13 serves to collect information from local concentrators (apartment and riser), its further processing into the actual values of the energy parameters of individual metering. The home hub 13 is made on the controller 21 (for example, I-7188XAD)

and equipped with a modem 17 (in particular, of the type Zyxel 336) for communication via a wired (dedicated channel or telephone line) or wireless (radio or mobile telephone) communication channel 18 with a central control room 19.

Equipment 14 for common-house commercial metering of thermal energy is a heat meter, which is made in accordance with GOST R51649 and serves to account for the parameters of common-house consumption.

Dispatch point 19 (system-wide level) contains a computer 22 with a printer (not shown in the drawing) and is connected through a modem 23 to a house hub 13. It serves to dispatch data on resources consumed by tenants and houses completely, store hourly, daily and monthly consumption archives, updating, if necessary, the contents of the archive with the contents of home concentrators, printing receipts for energy consumption and monitoring failures of system elements. The control room 19 is also connected to the database server 24, which is not part of the system and serves to exchange data with the city’s service departments.

The complex of equipment for optimizing the hydraulic and thermal conditions of the building includes an individual heat point (ITP) 15 for optimizing the heat supply and hot water supply with economical consumption of energy resources, as well as commercial metering of heat energy.

The system (figure 1) works as follows. Signals from smart sensors 5 for temperature conversion (ISPT) and sensors 6 for quantity (ISPK) of hot and cold water, as well as from counters 1-3 of electricity, gas and water through interface modules 4, are collected by local concentrators 7 from apartments and heating risers for their further transmission to the home concentrator (DK) 13. In case of loss of communication with the home concentrator 13, each local hub 7 continues to poll connected devices and, when communication is restored, transfers them to the home concentrator 13. Discreteness of interrogation of appliances the apartment level can be adjusted from 5 minutes to 1 hour. Data from counters 1-3 and ISPK 6 are considered cumulative and transmitted to DC 13

final value for each parameter. When forming an array of measured parameters, the local concentrator 7 forms a single time array, consistent with DC 13.

The local hub 7 (figure 2) is powered from a power source 10 - 220 V network or from a battery. The number of connected apartment and riser devices is up to 32. The input interface is from the HART / RS 485 apartment devices, the exchange rate is 9600 baud. To present data to the tenant, a monitor 12 is used (see Fig. 1), to which the local (apartment) hub 7 provides the following reporting information from the beginning of the current accumulation month and archives for the previous months according to the following parameters:

- heat;

- HVS;

- DHW;

- electricity;

- gas;

- the common house component of the above parameters. The local hub 7 stores in the memory element 9 the monthly archives of the aforementioned consumed parameters for the last 18 months. Archives and the accumulated consumption value from the beginning of the month are available for viewing by the tenant on the monitor indicator 12. The parameters are transferred in one transaction and stored in the volatile memory of the monitor 12. With each survey of apartment and riser devices, the local hub 7 diagnoses the connection with them. In the case of loss of communication with any of the sensors, the local hub 7 activates the flag of loss of communication with the device in the frame of exchange with DC 13.

Upon request from the home hub 13, the local hub 7 provides a unique identifier for the “lost” device. The local hub 7 has an external indication on the monitor 12:

- indication of the penalty mode;

- indication of the breakage of any apartment or riser device;

- Indication of loss of communication with the home concentrator;

- indication of mains power and batteries.

The local hub 7 has the ability to configure parameters through the RS 485 port.

The house concentrator 13 collects information from local concentrators 7 (apartment and riser), then processes it into the actual values of the energy parameters of the individual metering. Based on the data received from the apartment local concentrators 7, he calculates the thermal energy directly consumed by each apartment and its monetary equivalent, recalculates the consumption of water, gas and electricity from the beginning of the month and transfers this information to the apartment local concentrators 7 for display on monitors 12. The house concentrator 13 maintains monthly archives up to 18 months deep, daily allowances - up to 45 days, hourly - 5 days. Based on the data of the home heat metering unit, the home concentrator 13 calculates the heat energy consumed by each apartment and its monetary equivalent. This parameter has two components: the energy directly consumed by the apartment, and the share of each apartment in communal consumption. The share of direct consumption is calculated according to the ISPT 5 and the corresponding riser ISPK 6. The determination of the part of house-wide losses for each apartment in the house-wide consumption of thermal energy is directly proportional to the area of the apartment. At the same time, it is possible to introduce correction factors for the location of the apartment in the house.

When determining a part of the common house losses of hot water and hot water for each apartment, the value of individual consumption is taken as the basis for the readings of apartment water meters. The house concentrator 13 archives in its memory information on individually consumed energy resources, and also transfers it to the central control center 19 of the district. No more than 128 local hubs 5 can be connected to home hub 13. The exchange protocol with local hub 7 is RS 485 / HART, the exchange rate is 19,200 baud. DK 13 has an RS232 output for connecting a transmitting modem. 17 The exchange protocol is standard and open, used in tasks of this class. Communication with the heat meter 14 is carried out via the RS 485 / HART interface.

DK 13 archives each parameter (domestic hot water, cold water, heat) according to the individual consumed component and the component of common house losses separately, and for gas and electricity only according to individual consumption. The archive in rubles is stored in the memory of DK 13 permanently and is calculated on the basis of an archive of data on energy consumption in physical units and current tariffs.

In the apartment local concentrators 7, the house concentrator 13 returns information by the accumulated total from the beginning of the month for all of the above parameters. At the end of the month, DC 13 generates a monthly archive of consumed energy resources and transfers it to the local hub 7.

With the central control room 19, the home concentrator 13 exchanges information once a day and transmits a daily archive of consumed resources in physical units. The cash equivalent is calculated in the computer of the control room 19 based on current tariffs. Each parameter breaks down into individually consumed resources and a share in the total amount of resources spent for communal purposes. The list of parameters sent to the central control room 17:

- unique identifier (house number, street code, apartment number);

- DHW (consumption);

- HVS (consumption);

- electricity (consumption);

- gas (consumption).

The central control room 19 maintains an annual report of monthly archives of consumed resources for each apartment, taking into account general house losses, and can update the contents of the archive, both current and annual, with the contents of house concentrators. In case of discrepancy between the contents of the archives from the recreation center 13 and the dispatching system, the value of the central control room is taken as the correct one and the corresponding value is recorded in the house concentrator 13. The central control room 19 prints out receipts for energy actually consumed for

current month, as well as printing archives using a printing device for any period of the system.

According to the current indications of ITP 15, DK 13 or TsDP 19, it is possible to regulate heating, cooling and domestic water supply systems using actuators such as a device for hydraulic adjustment and balancing, riser control equipment for heating and hot water supply (balancing valves) (not shown in the drawings shown). According to the indications of the apartment monitor 12, the tenant can regulate the individual consumption of thermal energy using thermostatic valves.

Compared with the prototype, the claimed integrated system of individual metering and regulation of energy consumption in the housing and communal services has wider operational capabilities.

Claims (1)

An integrated system of individual metering and regulation of energy consumption in housing and communal services, including temperature, amount of gas, electricity and water sensors installed in apartment buildings located at characteristic points of apartment heating systems, cold and hot water systems, local concentrators made with the possibility of remembering apartment numbers and collecting data on the mass consumption of gas, electricity and water, the energy content of hot water and thermal energy, taking into account the temperature field errors and storing of these values for the period of absence of mains power supply, equipped with autonomous power sources, electronic converter units with network power sources, as well as house concentrators with memory devices containing house addresses, modems, a central control room electronic computer with a timer for remembering events during time and a printer to provide a printout of certificates of energy actually consumed, and also contains apartments e meters of actually consumed gas, electric energy, cold water and hot water, made in the form of electromechanical counters of electrical impulses corresponding to specified "unit" sizes of consumed energy, the sensors are connected to local concentrators that are connected to meters and to home concentrators connected through modems and communication channels with a computer of the central control center of the housing and communal services, characterized in that the equipment of the apartment contains optionally wired or wireless apartment monitors to display information, and as sensors for temperature and amount of water, intelligent temperature conversion sensors and intelligent sensors for converting the amount of hot and cold water, or standard water meters with a pulse output in conjunction with interface modules, are used, respectively, for calculating individual consumption of heat and water and accounting for the consumption of hot and cold water supply, with intelligence The temperature and quantity of hot and cold water conversion sensors are directly connected to local concentrators, while the gas, electricity and water meters are connected to them using interface modules used to convert pulse signals to digital, and the system also includes individual thermostatic valves to maintain optimal thermal conditions in a separate apartment and a home heat meter installed in an individual heat point for metering energy resources, while local hubs serve as devices for collecting information from smart sensors, are connected via apartment buses with sensors and interface modules to meters and connected via a bus or radio channel to apartment monitors and through a house bus with a house hub, which is also a device for collecting information from local hubs and from the home heat meter and is connected to the central control center via a wireless or wired communication channel, while the central computer the control center performs the functions of dispatching the amount of consumed services for each apartment and monitoring malfunctions and a computing device for transmitting the necessary information.