RU52318U1 - LIGHT SOURCE FOR SURGICAL LUMINAIRES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to medical equipment and relates to the design of a light source for medical devices used to illuminate organs and tissues in studies and interventions. The light source for medical devices contains white and / or single-color LEDs in the visible range of the radiation spectrum, means for focusing the light flux, and an LED radiation intensity control unit for setting the specified spectral parameters of the light connected to the LEDs. It is advisable that the light source for medical devices additionally contains at least one LED of the ultraviolet range of the radiation spectrum. A design is possible in which the light source contains multi-color LEDs, in which at least two semiconductor crystals are installed in one housing, emitting in different ranges of the visible spectrum, for example, in red, green and blue. The light source for medical devices allows you to fully perceive visual information about the state of individual organs and tissues without distortion, and also provides the maximum opportunity to visually identify organs and tissues of interest, including altered ones.

Description

The invention relates to medical equipment and relates to the design of a light source for medical devices used to illuminate organs and tissues in studies and interventions.

The closest technical solution in relation to the proposed design is a light source for medical devices containing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of white color and a means of focusing the luminous flux ("PentaLED" Company Rimsa, Italy). Compared with incandescent and halogen lamps, the infrared component is absent in the emission spectrum of white LEDs; therefore, during its operation, the illuminated area does not warm up. The service life of white LEDs is up to 50 thousand hours, which ensures continuous operation of the source for 6 years. High-performance high-power white LEDs produced by the world industry have a light output of ~ 25-30 lm / W. This is more than 2 times the light output of an incandescent lamp. An analysis of the scientific and technical literature shows that in the near future we can expect the appearance on the market of white light-emitting diodes with higher efficiency, which will lead to even greater energy savings.

However, despite the undoubted advantages, such a light source for medical devices has several disadvantages.

All currently known white LEDs are built on the principle of two emitters: a crystal of purple or blue glow, coated with a phosphor. Part of the energy emitted by the crystal is absorbed by the phosphor, which emits in the yellow spectrum. Thus, by balancing the radiation intensity of the crystal and the phosphor, a point in the white range is achieved in accordance with the diagram of the International Commission on Lighting (CIE), as a rule, about 5500 K, since this temperature is closest to daylight.

At the same time, when an object is illuminated by any light source, the properties of absorption or reflection by this object of radiation of different

wavelengths, due to which a person distinguishes its color. So, for example, a perfectly green object reflects the green component from the spectrum of the light source, and absorbs the rest of the spectrum. If such an object is illuminated by a combination of yellow and blue, then it will almost completely absorb this light and will appear dark. If it is illuminated by a light source containing a green component in the spectrum, then it will appear bright.

Moreover, if the combination of yellow and blue radiation directly hits the retina of the eye, it is seen as white, just like a combination of red with blue and green (as in TVs and monitors), due to the integrating properties of the eye sensors, although in fact neither , no other combination, in fact, is full-color like daylight (that is, containing all wavelengths of the visible spectrum from 400 nm, violet to 700 nm, red).

Thus, the visible image of different objects in the studied area or in the surgical field is correctly (without distortion) felt by the eye only when illuminated by a light source containing the full spectral composition of the visible range.

In the radiation spectrum of the known LED light source for medical devices, there are almost completely no colors that are more or less necessarily present, reflected and visualized in the tissues and organs of humans and animals. For example, the presence and intensity of radiation in the red range in the composition of light sources is a prerequisite for the visual perception of information about the presence and amount of blood in the area of the surgical field, and in the green range - information about the presence and nature of the innervation of organs and tissues. The unevenness of the spectrum of white LEDs, expressed in “gaps” in the regions of blue-green and green (460-530 nm), as well as in the decline in the region of red (610-700 nm), does not provide the required completeness of the spectral composition of the light reflected by objects in the region surgical intervention, gives a highly distorted image and does not allow the surgeon to adequately and fully perceive visual information about the state of individual organs and tissues in the surgical field.

Another significant disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to adjust the radiation spectrum.

The objective of the invention is to create a light source for medical devices, allowing without distortion to fully perceive the visual

information about the state of organs and tissues in the studied area or surgical field, as well as visually highlight the organs and tissues of interest, including the changed ones.

The problem is solved in that the light source for medical devices containing LEDs of the visible range of the radiation spectrum and means for focusing the luminous flux according to the invention contains white and / or single-color LEDs and a unit for adjusting the radiation intensity of the LEDs, providing the installation of the specified spectral parameters of the light connected to the LED .

It is advisable that the light source for medical devices additionally contains at least one LED of the ultraviolet range of the radiation spectrum.

A design is possible in which the light source contains multi-color LEDs, in which at least two semiconductor crystals are installed in one housing, emitting in different ranges of the visible spectrum, for example, in red, green and blue.

The inclusion in the light source of white and / or single-color LEDs emitting light not only in the blue-violet and yellow ranges, but completely filling the emission spectrum in the range from blue-violet (430 nm) to red (650 nm) colors, allows the surgeon without distortion fully perceive visual information about the state of individual organs and tissues in the studied area or in the surgical field during the surgical procedure. Adjusting the radiation intensity of the color LEDs allows you to set the desired specified spectrum of the radiation of the light source. Stepless adjustment of the LED radiation intensity is carried out in the entire range of characteristics of the applied LED, regulated by its manufacturer. This range allows you to maximize the capabilities of each individual LED in the formation of the spectrum and light intensity. The ability to adjust the radiation intensity in individual spectral ranges allows you to visualize and / or improve the quality of visual perception of individual elements in the observed organs and tissues during surgical operations and, thus, to individualize the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the illumination of the surgical area during operations. For example, an increase in the intensity of red radiation makes it possible to detect even small accumulations of blood

in the surgical wound, and an increase in the intensity of green radiation provides a unique opportunity to visually isolate nerve fibers and distinguish them from neglected blood vessels.

The inclusion in the light source of at least one LED emitting light in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum from 370nm to 405nm, with a short-term inclusion, allows visually detecting altered cells and tissues after introducing specific fluorescent substances into the body or applying to the surgical field.

When using such a light source, there are great opportunities for any type of research and surgical intervention.

Multicolor LEDs containing in a single package several (more than one) light-emitting crystals (pn junctions) with different wavelengths (for example, red, blue and green) can be used in the light source instead of several single-color ones to reduce the physical volume of the light source, so as one emitter with focusing optics is used instead of several.

The claimed light source can be used in endoscopic technology, in surgical lamps and other medical devices designed to illuminate organs and tissues.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a light source for medical devices; figure 2-5 - spectra of radiation.

The light source for medical devices (FIG. 1) consists, for example, of LEDs 1-5 with different wavelengths of the focusing means (not shown in FIG. 1). The LED radiation intensity control unit 6 has outputs 7-11 to which LEDs 1-5 are respectively connected. The power source 12 provides the required voltage and current levels to power the control unit 6 and LEDs 1-5.

The adjustment unit 6 provides a stable adjustable current LED 1-5 and contains a controller with the ability to store a number of spectral programs. A spectral program is a set of coefficients, each of which transmits a current value for the corresponding LED. The strength of the current flowing through the LED is reflected in the brightness of its glow. Thus, it is possible to select the emission spectrum of the light source by adjusting the brightness of each LED.

The control 13 serves to set the user of certain parameters of the radiation of the light source (or lamp based on these light sources). The control may not be available if the controller has a program for automatically setting the required light parameters.

Depending on the required lighting conditions of the working surface, a different number of light sources can be used. Each light source may contain a different number of LEDs and a different combination of white and / or single-color LEDs.

Example 1. Consider the work of a light source (Fig. 1) containing 7 LEDs of the following colors: white 1 (3 pcs.), Red 2 (1 pc.), Green 3 (1 pc.), Blue 4 (1 pc.), Yellow 5 orange (1 pc.). White LEDs in accordance with the principle of their device (crystal blue glow coated with a phosphor) cover two spectral ranges: violet-blue and yellow with peaks in the region of 430 nm and 560 nm, respectively (table, curve 14 in figure 2). A sufficiently wide range in the yellow region, emitted by the phosphor of white LEDs, is in this example the main component in the spectrum and, in accordance with the visibility curve of the eye, creates the largest part of the light flux (table). Red 2, yellow-orange 5, green 3 and blue 4 LEDs with peaks in the regions of 630 nm, 590 nm, 530 nm and 470 nm, respectively (Fig. 3) complement the main dips in the spectrum of white LEDs. A voltage is applied to the current-supplying electrodes of the white LEDs 1 included in the light source through the output 7 of the adjustment unit 6. Using the adjustment system, the current required to obtain a given illumination of the surgical field is set. To obtain the red, green, blue, yellow-orange components separately in the emission spectrum of the light source, the voltage is applied to the corresponding outputs 8, 9, 10, 11 of the adjustment unit 6 and the current required for the required luminous intensity of the LEDs 2-5 of the corresponding wavelength is set until a given backlight spectrum is obtained (curve 15 in FIG. 2). The light intensity is also set by adjusting the current flowing through the LED, using a system for continuously adjusting the applied voltage. A light source with a spectral characteristic in the form of a curve 15 shown in figure 2, allows without distortion to fully perceive visual information about the state of individual organs and tissues in the study area or in the surgical field during surgery.

To improve the visualization of, for example, blood and blood vessels, an increase in the radiation intensity in the red region of the spectrum is required, for this, with the help of the controller, the current at the output 8 of the radiation intensity adjustment unit 6 is increased, supplied to the red LED 2.

Table 1 shows the radiation range and illumination of a light spot with a diameter of 20 cm at a distance of 1 m for a light source based on 7 light-emitting diodes

Table 1 LED emission color Range of radiation, nm Illumination, lx Purple blue 430-450 up to 300 Blue 450-510 up to 300 Green 510-560 up to 1000 Yellow (phosphor) 540-600 up to 8000 Yellow orange 580-610 up to 2000 Red 610-660 up to 1400

The considered light source provides a fairly uniform overall radiation range of 430 - 645 nm and a maximum light spot illumination of up to 13000 lx.

Example 2. The light source contains six single-color LEDs in the visible range with peaks of radiation power at wavelengths (see 4): 430 nm - violet-blue, 470 nm - blue, 530 nm - green, 575 nm - yellow, 590 nm - yellow - orange, 625 nm - red, and one LED in the ultraviolet range with a peak in the region of 375 nm. With the balance of the intensities of their radiation, the spectrum obtained is shown in Fig. 5., covering almost the entire visible range (table 2). In accordance with the curve of visibility of the eye, the highest intensity is provided in the areas of green and yellow spectral ranges.

Such a light source allows you to:

1) ensure the maximum service life available when using LEDs (up to 100,000 hours), since it does not contain white LEDs, which have a significantly shorter service life (usually not exceeding 50,000 hours) due to a drop in phosphor emission over time; visualize altered cells and tissues in a given area after introducing specific fluorescent substances in the ultraviolet range into the body or applying to the surgical field.

table 2 LED emission color Range of radiation, nm Illumination, lx UV 365-380 up to 100 Purple blue 420-460 up to 300 Blue 450-510 up to 300 Green 510-560 up to 4500 Yellow 550-590 up to 2500 Yellow orange 580-610 up to 3500 Red 610-660 up to 1400

Using the claimed light source for medical devices allows you to fully perceive visual information about the state of individual organs and tissues in the area of the surgical field, and also provides the maximum opportunity to visually identify organs and tissues of interest, including altered ones.

Claims (3)

1. The light source for surgical lamps, containing light-emitting diodes in the visible range of the radiation spectrum and means for focusing the light flux, characterized in that it contains white and / or single-color light-emitting diodes and a unit for adjusting the radiation intensity of the light-emitting diodes, providing the installation of the specified spectral parameters of light, connected with light emitting diodes. 2. The light source according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises at least one light emitting diode in the ultraviolet range of the radiation spectrum. 3. The light source according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains multicolor light-emitting diodes, in which at least two semiconductor crystals are installed in one housing, emitting in different ranges of the visible spectrum.