RU48977U1 - INSTALLATION FOR CLEANING UNDERGROUND WATERS FROM IRON, MANGANESE AND HARDNESS SALTS - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for the purification of groundwater from iron, manganese and hardness salts. The invention relates to the field of purification of hard groundwater from iron, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, manganese and hardness salts for drinking purposes, and, more particularly, to installations for treating these waters. A known installation for the purification of groundwater from iron, manganese and hardness salts, consisting of a device for supplying and distributing the source water by aeration, in which the oxidation of ferrous iron compounds to insoluble iron hydroxide, a deferrization and demanganization filter on an inert charge, a Na-cation exchange filter to remove hardness salts and electrodialyzer for desalting water. A disadvantage of the known installation is: the lack of the ability to effectively pre-treat groundwater containing both iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and hardness salts before softening the water due to the insignificant degree of removal of hydrogen sulfide and dioxide and the low degree of removal of iron in an inert loading with a small specific surface of the loading grains , which leads to inefficient and uneconomical operation of the Na-cation exchange filter; complexity and cumbersome installation and its high cost. The installation for purifying groundwater from iron, manganese and hardness salts, including devices for supplying source water, supplying and distributing air for oxidation, an inert loading deferrization and demanganization filter, and water softening devices, is equipped with a cylindrical body with a conical cover and a conical bottom , the degasser-oxidizer equipped with a vent riser is located in the upper part of the body, the floating polymer charge of the degasser-oxidizer has a granular fibrous structure, the device for water supply and its dispersed distribution is mounted above the loading layer, and the air distribution device is placed under this layer with a gap with respect to the latter, the deferrization and demanganization filter located in the lower part of the installation, under the degasser-oxidizer, is hydraulically communicated with the latter, polymer its loading is made floating, non-uniform, from polystyrene foam granules with decreasing granule size along the filtration stream, and the ratio of diameters of the degasser-oxidizer and filter deferrization and demanganization is 2: 1.8-1.2: 1, the installation casing in its middle part is equipped with a pipeline for discharging purified water, the installation is additionally equipped with a water softening device and a post-treatment filter, while the softening device is made in the form of a vortex reactor placed in the body of the aftertreatment filter, equipped with pipelines for the removal of softened water, the supply and discharge of wash water.

Description

The invention relates to the field of purification of hard, aggressive groundwater from iron, hydrogen sulfide, aggressive carbon dioxide, manganese and hardness salts for drinking purposes, and, more particularly, to installations for treating these waters.

A known installation for the purification of groundwater, including a device for treating the source water with an oxidizing agent and a granular filter equipped with an inert loading, in which the filtration is carried out in countercurrent mode through a moving loading layer, using quartz sand of a fraction of 0.3-2.0 mm; washing the load is carried out in the upper part of the filter simultaneously with the filtration of water. The installation is equipped with an additional cartridge filter and a separator or sump for separating washing water into solid and liquid phases (see application RU No. 2003131161/15, IPC C 02 F 9/12 with priority 23.10.2003, publ. 27.10.2004. )

A disadvantage of the known installation is the lack of the possibility of degassing, oxidation by aeration and the removal of hardness salts.

A known installation for treating groundwater from iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide for drinking purposes, consisting of a pipeline for supplying raw water, a pre-filter with tubular filter elements made of stainless steel mesh with a pore size of 30-50 microns. A device for supplying and distributing air, consisting of a compressor, a receiver with a relay for turning the compressor on and off, a dehumidifier, a check valve and a water-jet ejector, is placed on the pipeline between the pre-filter and the sequentially installed oxidizing filter. The oxidizing filter with an upward flow of purified water is equipped with a loading of a polymer material with spatial

undirected cellular structure formed by interwoven filaments with porosity of at least 96% with attached microorganisms - destructors of iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide. The oxidizing filter is connected to a contact filter with loading in the form of tubular filter elements from a porous polymeric material, for example, polypropylene with a pore size of 10-50 μm and further with a disinfecting device. The latter, in turn, is connected to a clarification filter, the tubular filter elements of which are made of a porous material sintered from titanium powder with a pore size of 10-50 μm. The oxidizing filter, contact filter and clarification filter are equipped with devices for venting gases in the form of float valves, and are connected in the same way as the pre-filter through shut-off devices with a wash water discharge pipe (see patent RU No. 2206519, C2, IPC C 02 F 9/02 with a priority of 08/30/01, publ. 06/20/03)

A disadvantage of the known installation is the design complexity due to the complexity of the aeration device, including a compressor, receiver, relay on-off of the compressor, dehumidifier, check valve and water jet ejector, as well as the high cost of installation, both because of the above and because of the large area occupied by freestanding structures and large metal consumption. The disadvantage of the installation is the need for periodic replacement of tubular filter elements due to the impossibility of their complete effective washing without dismantling. This installation does not solve the problem of removing hardness salts.

A known installation for treating groundwater from iron, filter, manganese and other impurities for drinking purposes, consisting of: pre equipped with a multicomponent filter layer of polyester fibers with a thickness of 7, a diameter of the cross section of the layer 70 and its height of 1500 mm, to remove mechanical impurities from the water and

organic compounds, a device for supplying and distributing air in water — an ejector with a mixing chamber, an oscillation generator for creating a finely dispersed oscillatory bubble regime, an oxidizing filter with a diameter of 150 mm, equipped with a coarse-grained loading with a layer height of 1500, which can be made of material floating in water, and a fine filter equipped with a woven or cermet filtering material. It is intended to rinse the fine filter of the accumulated iron hydroxide by the reverse current of water (see patent RU No. 2142432, IPC C 02 F 1/64 with priority July 7, 1998, publ. December 10, 1999).

A disadvantage of the known installation is the inability to soften hard groundwater and completely wash the fine filter during operation to the required degree, which requires frequent replacement.

A known installation for purification of groundwater from iron, manganese and hardness salts for drinking purposes, the closest in purpose and technical essence to the claimed, consisting of a device for supplying and distributing source water by aeration, in which the oxidation of divalent iron compounds to its insoluble hydroxide occurs an inert loading deferrization and demanganization filter, a Na-cation exchange filter for removing hardness salts, and an electrodialyzer for desalting water. As inert loading use quartz sand, quartzite, albitofire, granodiorite, burned rocks, etc. (see patent RU No. 2182890, IPC C 02 F 9/06 with prior. 08.12.2000, publ. 05.27.2002 )

The disadvantages of the known installation are:

- the lack of the ability to effectively pre-treat groundwater containing both iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and hardness salts before softening due to the insignificant degree of removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the process

aeration and a low degree of removal of iron on an inert charge with a small specific surface of its grains, which leads to low efficiency of the Na-cation exchange filter and its uneconomical;

- the complexity and cumbersomeness of the installation, due to the need to include a device for preliminary purification of the source water from organic compounds and a special device for preparing the regeneration solution used to regenerate the loading of the Na-cation exchange filter;

- the high cost of the installation, due to both the large metal consumption and the necessary large areas for placing stand-alone structures, expensive reagents - ion-exchange resins, costly disposal of washing regeneration solutions after their use on a Na-cation exchange filter.

The cost of cleaning 1 m ^{3 of} water in such a plant with a capacity of 650 m ³ / h reaches 10-15 rubles / m ³ .

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the ability to purify groundwater containing both iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and hardness salts to the standards required for the quality of drinking water, simplification and cheapening of the design.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation for purifying groundwater from iron, manganese and hardness salts, including devices for supplying source water, supplying and distributing air for oxidation, an inert loading deferrization and demanganization filter, and water softening devices, is equipped with a cylindrical body with a conical cover and a conical bottom, the degasser-oxidizer equipped with a ventilation riser is located in the upper

parts of the body, the floating polymer charge of the degasser - oxidizer has a granular-fiber structure, the device for supplying water and its dispersed distribution is mounted above the loading layer, and the device for distributing air is placed under this layer with a gap with respect to the latter, the deferrization and demanganization filter placed in the lower part of the installation, under the degasser-oxidizer, is hydraulically communicated with the latter, its polymer loading is made floating, heterogeneous, from polystyrene foam granules with their decreasing particle size along the filtration stream, while the ratio of the diameters of the degasser-oxidizer and the deferrization and demanganization filter is 2: 1.8-1.2: 1, the installation casing in the middle part is equipped with a pipeline for the removal of purified water, the installation is additionally equipped with a device for water softening and aftertreatment filter, while the softening device is made in the form of a vortex reactor located in the body of the aftertreatment filter with granular loading, equipped with pipelines for the discharge of softened water, under Chi and retraction of the wash water.

The drawing shows an installation for the purification of groundwater from iron, manganese and hardness salts.

Installation for purification of groundwater from iron, manganese and hardness salts consists of: a cylindrical body 1 with a conical cover 2 and a conical bottom 3. The degasser-oxidizer 4 is located in the upper part of the body 1 and is equipped with a ventilation riser 5 passing through the conical cover 2. Degasser the oxidizing agent 4 is equipped with a floating charge 6 having a granular-fibrous structure of expanded polystyrene foam granules and synthetic filamentous fibers.

Above the loading layer 6 of the degasser-oxidizer 4, a feed water supply pipe 7 and a device for its dispersed distribution 8 are placed, and under the loading layer 6 there is a distribution device and

air dispersion 9 mounted with a gap with respect to the loading layer 6.

Under the device for air distribution 9, in the cylindrical part of the housing 1, there is a deferrization and demanganization filter 10 equipped with a heterogeneous polymer, floating polystyrene foam loading 11 with decreasing granule size along the filtration flow, which is kept from surfacing by a special grill 12.

The use of non-uniform floating polystyrene loading with decreasing granule size along the filtration stream as compared with the inert loading of the known installation allows increasing the dirt capacity of the filter layer by 3-4 times and washing the load without additional washing pumps and special spare washing water tanks.

The ratio of the diameters of the degasser-oxidizer 4 and the deferrization filter and demanganization 10 is from 2: 1.8 to 1.2: 1.

This ratio of diameters provides the necessary contact time of the purified water and air, which makes it possible to intensify the degassing process: when the content of hydrogen sulfide is 1.074 mg / dm ³ and carbon dioxide 85 mg / dm ³ in the initial water, the degree of degassing by hydrogen sulfide is reduced by 65-70%, t. e. its concentration decreases to 0.322-0.376 mg / dm ³ , and for carbon dioxide - by 70-80%, which leads to a decrease in its concentration to 17-25.5 mg / dm ³ . Intensive degassing entails effective deferrization, which, in turn, allows the use of a more economical and more effective device for softening water - a vortex reactor with a water quality installation that meets the requirements for drinking water quality (SanPin 2.1.4.1074-01) .

Changing the ratio of diameters upward will lead to an unjustified increase in the duration of contact of the treated water and

air, and to increase the cost of cleaning by 10-15%, and changing the ratio of diameters downwards leads to insufficient contact time of the water being purified and oxygen in the air and, consequently, to a reduction in the degree of removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, respectively, by 40-60% (0.644 -0.430 mg / dm ³ ) and 50-60% (34-42.5 mg / dm ³ ), which, in turn, will lead to a decrease in the degree of iron removal, i.e. when its content in the source water is 6-10 mg / dm ^3, an increase in iron in purified water by 10-15% (0.35-0.40 mg / dm ³ ), which will not allow to solve the problem.

A device for water softening, made in the form of a vortex reactor 13, is mounted in the aftertreatment filter housing with a heavy granular charge 14 and is equipped with windows 15 for discharging softened water into the aftertreatment filter 13.

The housing of the installation 1 in its middle part is equipped with a pipe 16 for discharging water, purified from iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, to the lower part of the vortex reactor 13 through the middle drainage system. Iron removal and demanganization filter 10 of housing 1 and a post-treatment filter with a heavy granular charge 14 equipped with a piping system for removing wash water 18. A pipe 19 for supplying sodium hydroxide solution is connected to a pipeline for supplying purified water to the lower part of the vortex reactor 13. The post-treatment filter 14 is equipped with a pipeline with a valve 20 for discharging purified water and a system of pipelines 21 located on its bottom for supplying clean water for washing the loading of this filter using a washing pump 22.

Installation of groundwater purification from iron, manganese and hardness salts works as follows:

through the feed water supply pipe 7 and its dispersed distribution device 8, water is supplied to a degasser-oxidizer 4, equipped with a vent riser 5, located in the upper part

conical cover 2 of the cylindrical body 1 of the installation, and is filtered from top to bottom through a layer of a floating combined load 6 of a degasser-oxidizer 4 having a granular-fibrous structure with a developed surface of synthetic filiform fibers and expanded polystyrene granules. The advantage of this load is the ability to control the porosity of the combined layer due to the varying degree of compressibility of the fibrous layer when changing the layer thickness and the diameter of the granules of the polystyrene foam layer. The advantage of such a layer also lies in the possibility of washing it in a downward stream of the source water without special washing pumps.

By means of a device for supplying and distributing air 9 mounted with a gap with respect to the loading layer 6, air is supplied under this layer. At the same time, in the loading layer 6, the following processes occur simultaneously: catalytic oxidation of divalent dissolved iron and manganese to their insoluble form — hydroxides and removal of gases — hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide — from the water by intensive blowing through the vent riser 5 of the degasser-oxidizer 4, and the deferrization process and demanganization of water occurs in the deferrization filter and demanganization 10, equipped with a heterogeneous polymer floating charge 11 of polystyrene foam granules with their decreasing particle size during filtration the flow kept from rising by a special grating 12.

Purified water from iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide from the deferrization and demanganization filter 10 but pipe 16 enters the softener in the lower part of the vortex reactor 13, before which it is mixed with a solution of sodium hydroxide supplied through pipe 19. Softened water through the plenum windows 15 enters the purification filter aftertreatment with a granular charge 14, from where it is then discharged through the pipe 20 into the clean water tank (not shown).

 Due to the fact that at the outlet of the deferrization and demanganization filter 10, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, iron and manganese reaches minimum values, and the purified water is softened in a vortex reactor located in the after-treatment filter, water is obtained that meets the requirements for the quality of drinking water with less substantial cost.

The washing of the floating load of the filter 10 is carried out by the volume of water accumulated in the degasser-oxidizer 4 in its downward flow, and the washing of the heavy granular load of the filter 14 using the washing pump 22, which draws water from the purified water tank in an upward flow of water when the valve in the pipeline 20 is closed and opening the valve on the pipe 21.

The removal of wash water from the deferrization and demanganization filters 10 and post-treatment 14 to the sewer collector is carried out through the pipe 18.

The purified water meets the requirements for the quality of drinking water SanPin 2.1.4.1074-01.

The proposed installation for purification of groundwater from iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and hardness salts in comparison with the known, provides:

- the ability to purify groundwater from iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and hardness salts (up to the standards for the quality of drinking water), due to the effective removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, intensive oxidation of iron and manganese impurities at the charge of a degasser-oxidizer with a developed surface, effective removal of iron and manganese on a deferrization filter with high dirt capacity, providing a minimum concentration of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, iron and manganese in purified water e before

 subsequent softening of the purified water in a vortex reactor located in the after-treatment filter housing and after-treatment of the softened water in the after-treatment filter;

- simplification of the design by combining in a cylindrical housing with a conical cap of a degasser-oxidizer located in the upper part of the housing, and a deferrization and demanganization filter located underneath, and combining the vortex reactor with a granular filter for water purification by placing the vortex reactor in the filter housing , as well as the use in the degasser-oxidizer of a layer of granular fiber loading with a developed surface and the ability to control the porosity of the layer in the deferrization filter and demang anatomy with a floating porous polystyrene foam loading with decreasing granule size along the filtration flow.

The proposed combined installation is cheaper than known, because it allows you to:

- save the occupied area, reduce the metal structure;

- increase by 3-4 times the dirt capacity of the filter layer of the deferrization and demanganization filter and flush it without additional washing pumps and spare tanks of washing water;

- to exclude Na-cation exchange filters that require expensive reagents - ion exchange resins and expensive disposal of washing regeneration solutions.

An additional advantage is the significant savings in unit operating costs, which only by reducing

reagent costs compared with the known installation with a capacity of 650 m ³ / h, provides savings in cost of treated softened water, i.e. the cost of cleaning 1 m ^{3 of} water is reduced from 10-15 to 5-8 rubles / m ³ .

Claims (1)

Installation for purification of groundwater from iron, manganese and hardness salts, including devices for supplying source water, supplying and distributing air for oxidation, an inert loading deferrization and demanganization filter and water softening device, characterized in that the installation is equipped with a cylindrical body with conical cover and conical bottom, the degasser-oxidizer, equipped with a ventilation riser, is located in the upper part of the housing, the floating polymer charge of the degasser-oxidizer is granulated in a locally structure, a device for water supply and its dispersed distribution is mounted above the loading layer, and an air distribution device is placed under this layer with a gap with respect to the latter, the deferrization and demanganization filter located in the lower part of the installation, under the degasser-oxidizer, is hydraulically connected with the latter, its polymer loading is made floating, heterogeneous, from polystyrene foam granules with decreasing particle size along the filtration stream, and the ratio of the diameters of degas the ora-oxidizer and the deferrization and demanganization filter is 2: 1.8-1.2: 1, the casing of the installation in its middle part is equipped with a pipeline for discharging purified water, the installation is additionally equipped with a device for softening water and a post-treatment filter, while the device for softening made in the form of a vortex reactor located in the body of the aftertreatment filter, equipped with pipelines for the removal of softened water, the supply and discharge of wash water.