RU46676U1 - HOUSEHOLD FILTER FOR CLEANING DRINKING WATER - Google Patents

Abstract

A useful model relates to the field of water treatment and is a household filter for multi-stage purification of drinking water. The filter comprises a housing with open upper and lower ends, including a hydrophilic sorbent in the form of granular charcoal, ion-exchange fiber and porous sheet material. New in the filter is that its housing is made in the form of two flasks I and 5 of a conical shape connected by bases. The upper flask I is made of a transparent rigid material and is filled with yellow ion-exchange fiber 3. An elastic branch pipe 4 is tightly mounted on the flask I. The lower flask 5 of an elongated shape is made of hard material and filled with charred charcoal 7. The bases of the flasks I in 5 are overlapped by layers of a fine-mesh fabric mesh 8 and 9, respectively. A permanent magnet 10 is placed in the center of the hole in the junction of flasks I and 5. The filter is additionally equipped with a removable adapter sleeve for connecting the filter to a water tap made with an external or internal thread.

Description

Widespread in the world are the development and use of local and individual devices to improve the quality of drinking water. They envisage the use of various physical (filtration, microfiltration, ultraviolet irradiation) and chemical (silvering, ozonation) methods of cleaning and disinfecting water, as well as the use of natural minerals, electrodialysis, membrane technology, the creation of new filtering sorbents and disinfecting additives to them (Materials of international Congr Ecology and Technology, M. Sept. 6–9, 1994, in 4 volumes). Currently, the consumer is offered a variety of domestic water purifiers - from stationary installations with a very large resource and regeneration of filtering units (Aquaphor filters with a resource of up to 7000 l) to compact nozzles for a crane with a small resource (BIP-1 with a resource of 10 l).

At home, it is certainly convenient to have a stationary water treatment device with a long resource. However, inexpensive compact filters are also in demand, used both in urban conditions and when traveling on vacation or on a business trip to other regions of the country.

A device for water purification according to US Pat. RF No. 2038316 dated 07/30/1991 (С02F. 1/28), which contains a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, distribution plates and a multilayer sorbing load, including fibrous neutral or ion-exchange polymeric material or fibrous activated carbon, and layers of anion exchange resin are placed between them, fibrous activated carbon, ion exchange resin or granular activated carbon. In all the examples presented in the description, there is a satisfactory purification of water from impurities, an improvement in organoleptic properties (odor and color), however, in purified water there is a certain amount of microorganisms, despite the use of iodinated sorbents, and also traces of iron are present.

A known filter for cleaning liquids, in particular drinking water according to US Pat. RF number 2184596 from 02.16.2001 (B01D 29/58). It contains a housing with inlet and outlet fittings, and the inlet fitting is located in the upper side of the housing, and in the lower part of the housing there is an additional fitting for draining the wash water, on

the outlet fitting has a multilayer filter cartridge that includes layers of quartz fabric, thin and ultra-thin quartz fibers, ion exchange fibers, activated carbon fibers. The filter provides high quality water treatment. The tests were carried out when cleaning solutions based on natural artesian water from a well at a depth of 220 m. The filter can be periodically cleaned by washing without disassembling the structure.

However, the filter cannot be attributed to small-sized devices, since the minimum length of the filter element is 250 mm. It seems that it can be used as part of a water purification plant, but not as an independent device for individual use.

The closest analogue of the claimed filter is, according to the applicant, a filter cartridge for water treatment devices with gravity feed according to US Pat. RF number 2225744 from 03.23.1998 (B01D 27/00). The filter cartridge contains a housing with open upper and lower ends, within which a hydrophilic filter is placed. Granular charcoal was used as a hydrophilic filter. A certain amount of ion-exchange fiber and porous sheet material are also housed in the housing. The latter is folded and is located around the perimeter of the cylindrical wall of the filter. Microglass fibers bonded to each other by a special binder can also be used as a porous material. Purified water is discharged through the side walls of the filter.

The description of the said patent does not provide test data for the filter cartridge, but it seems that this device is mainly designed for biological treatment of water, since the main attention is paid to the volume of the porous sheet material (its length) and the size of the holes that would not allow biological harmful particles, for example protozoa cysts with sizes of 3-5 microns. Biological water treatment in this device undoubtedly reaches a high degree, however, the cartridge has a very complex design: it is very difficult to lay sheet porous material with a thickness of 0.06 cm in the form of a folded cylindrical structure. Outside, this design is protected from damage by the shell and the upper and lower covers of the case, the lower end of the structure is glued to the bottom cover. However, granular materials (coal or other sorbents) are loaded into the interior of a porous filter for removing bioparticles, which can damage the porous material from the inside and clog pores with coal dust. In addition, there is no information on the purification of water from ferrous compounds, since it is known that granular coal and ion-exchange fiber almost do not trap colloidal iron and its other

connections. And finally, like the filters described above, this device does not contain an indicator of the filter’s pollution, that is, it does not indicate the degree of use of its resource.

Thus, based on the data given in the description, it can be concluded that the cartridge according to US Pat. 2225744 is intended for use as an embedded unit in the general drinking water purification system, but not as a stand-alone filter.

The applicant was faced with the task of developing a household filter for water purification in the form of a complete device, which would have a simple design, while it could provide multi-stage high-quality water purification, including the removal of biohazardous particles and glandular compounds, and would be equipped with an indicator of filter contamination, at the same time, the design of the filter would have to provide a convenient connection to water taps made both in accordance with Russian and European standards tami.

The problem was solved in that in a filter containing a housing with open upper and lower ends, including a hydrophilic sorbent in the form of granular charcoal, ion-exchange fiber and porous sheet material, in accordance with the claimed utility model, said housing is made in the form of two conical flasks forms connected by bases, the upper flask is made of transparent rigid material, is equipped with an inlet tube of small diameter and is filled with yellow ion-exchange fiber, the pipe is made of a transparent elastic tube, the lower elongated flask is made of hard material, ends with a small diameter outlet tube and is filled with granulated charcoal, while the lower base of the upper flask and the lower base of the lower flask are covered with layers of a fine-mesh fabric, and in the connection area the base of the upper and lower flasks in the center of the hole fixed permanent magnet. In addition, the filter is additionally equipped with a removable transitional cylindrical sleeve, the diameter of which provides a tight connection of the sleeve with the pipe, and the end of the sleeve has a protruding annular flange for mounting on a tap with an external or internal thread.

The essence of the claimed model is as follows.

Since the ecological situation in cities and rural areas has deteriorated sharply in recent decades, human health has become largely dependent on the water consumed in food. Intake ponds for large cities are polluted, pathogenic microbes and harmful substances from rural wells fall into

untreated sewage of agricultural and industrial production. In this regard, there is an acute problem of cleaning drinking water from harmful impurities. Municipal water is pre-treated, but obsolete water pipes add iron and its compounds to it.

Not every city dweller can buy an expensive stationary filtering system for a home. Therefore, the developed filter with a good resource (1500 l) and a sufficiently high degree of multi-stage purification of drinking water from the city water supply system not only has a compact design and is convenient to use, but, in addition, it magnetizes filtered water, cleansing it of glandular compounds and giving it healing properties , equipped with a pollution indicator warning of the use of the resource, and at a price affordable to any citizen with the most modest incomes.

The implemented filter is presented in figure 1, 2.

Figure 1 shows a filter in section, where position numbers mean:

1 - upper flask,

2 - inlet tube of small diameter,

3 - yellow ion exchange fiber,

4 - elastic pipe

5 - lower flask,

6 - output tube of small diameter,

7 - granular charcoal,

8 - fine mesh at the base of the upper flask,

9 - fine mesh at the base of the lower flask,

10 - permanent magnet.

In Fig 2 presents a removable adapter sleeve in the context, where

11 - tube

12 - flange.

General filter dimensions: length 145 mm, diameter in the wide part 35 mm, weight 100 g. Adapter sleeve: length 28 mm, diameter 14 mm, flange diameter 20 mm.

Materials used: the upper and lower flasks are made of food-grade plastic; the nozzle is made of polyvinyl chloride grade P-172 / 15M (medical purpose); ion-exchange fiber: filter material sorption-active MFS-A (cationic); granulated birch charcoal grade BAU-A; technical filter polyester fabrics, article 61 KS with cells of 2-3 microns

(medical supplies !, permanent magnet made of barium ferrite; adapter sleeve made of polypropylene for the manufacture of disposable medical syringes.

The process of purification of drinking water is as follows.

The filter pipe is connected to the water tap directly or using an adapter sleeve, if the tap is made according to European standards with an external thread M 22x1 or with an internal thread M 24x1.

The faucet is opened gradually so that the pressure of the water ensures a flow rate of no more than 0.2 l per minute. Water through a small-diameter tube fills the upper transparent flask, while coarse particles are trapped outside the flask without falling into the tube. The ion-exchange fiber traps heavy metal ions and colloidal iron particles, and the fine-meshed medical net that covers the lower base of the upper flask does not allow dangerous bioparticles to pass through. Water, at a certain speed, flowing around a permanent magnet, is purified in a magnetic field from glandular compounds and magnetizes water. Next, the water enters the lower flask filled with granular charcoal. Thanks to magnetized water, the remaining unwanted impurities coagulate (stick together) and settle on the surface of the granules of activated carbon, which also absorbs harmful chemicals. The lower fine-mesh medical mesh traps residues of impurities and bioparticles, and the purified water enters the tank through an outlet tube of small diameter,

As the filter is used, the yellow fiber gradually changes color and becomes brown-brown when the filter has reached its end of life. Thus, the fiber serves as an indicator of the contamination of the filter.

Filter tests have shown the effectiveness of drinking water treatment:

Smell - absent

Bacteria are absent

Nitrates - 85%

Iron and its oxides - 95%

Active chlorine - absent

Complete removal of heavy metals

The lack of scale on the walls of the dishes when boiling purified water.

Claims (2)

1. Household filter for drinking water purification, comprising a housing with open upper and lower ends, including a hydrophilic sorbent in the form of granular charcoal, ion-exchange fiber and sheet porous material, characterized in that the filter housing is made in the form of two conical flasks connected by bases , the upper flask is made of transparent rigid material, is equipped with an inlet tube of small diameter and is filled with yellow ion-exchange fiber, a nozzle made of prozr is tightly mounted on the upper flask elastic tube, the lower bulb of an elongated shape is made of hard material, ends with a small diameter outlet tube and is filled with granular charcoal, while the lower base of the upper flask and the lower base of the lower flask are overlain by layers of a fine-mesh fabric, and in the area of the base connection of the upper and lower flasks a permanent magnet is placed in the center of the hole. 2. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a removable transitional cylindrical sleeve with an external diameter that provides a tight connection of the sleeve with the pipe, while one end of the sleeve has a protruding annular flange for mounting on a tap made with external or internal thread .