RU70150U1 - WATER-FREE FILTER FOR WATER CLEANING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for cleaning liquids from mechanical and chemical contaminants, namely, portable gravity filters for purifying water from suspended and colloidal particles, eliminating harmful chemical components and impurities, as well as unpleasant odors. The device is effective in household conditions for water purification from city water supply, as well as in extreme or field conditions or emergency situations. The utility model provides high reliability of the filter, performance and duration of its operation. The filter serves to effectively remove mechanical impurities: sand, scale, rust, colloidal iron, sludge; chemical pollutants: pesticides, nitrates, active chlorine and heavy metals such as manganese, magnesium, lead, copper, strontium, nickel, zinc, cobalt, iron, as well as filtering suspensions. The filter contains a filter element, a discharge fitting and a tube. The filter element is made of sorbent material obtained by heat treatment of a powder mixture of at least one porous natural mineral with a thermoplastic hydrophobic binder. The sorbent may be a layered material made of two or more layers with different minerals, one or more in each layer. In this case, the filter element is a three-dimensional figure having an internal cavity. One or two polymer caps may be installed on the filter element. The outlet fitting is located in a through hole made on one of the sides of the filter element in the sorbent material, or in a polymer cover.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of water purification and water treatment technologies in public utilities, namely, non-pressure portable filtering devices for fine cleaning of liquids, for example, water, from mechanical and chemical contaminants. The inventive device can be especially useful in the absence of a centralized water supply, for example, when living in the suburbs, for fishermen, hunters or outdoor enthusiasts. Also, the filter can be quite effective for cleaning water from the city water supply, in extreme or field conditions or in emergency situations.

Known non-pressure filter designed for cleaning liquids, containing a housing on the bottom of which are fixed filter blocks made of porous polymer concrete, trays for draining the wash water and discharging the filtrate, a collector, as well as a tube for supplying and discharging liquid (RU 2055630, 1996.03.10 , B01D 25/26). This solution has several advantages, including a high degree of purification of the liquid, high performance, long service life and the possibility of regeneration of the filter. The disadvantages of the known device are the design complexity, the need for periodic replacement of filter units.

Known non-pressure filter for wastewater treatment from oil products and suspended particles, containing an airtight container in which a filter with loading (sorbent) is installed, which is a rectangular metal body in the form of a parallelepiped with a vertical partition dividing it into two sections, the bottom of the body

made lattice with the ability to rotate and lock. The container has nozzles for supplying wastewater and removal of purified water with flanges, and holes are made coaxially with the axes of the nozzles in the filter housing (RU 2118948, 1998.09.20, B01D 24/18).

This device involves the use of environmentally friendly materials as a sorbent and is able to ensure uniform flow of purified water with a small difference in water levels, however, it is also complicated by a large number of structural elements, the use of a bulk sorbent and the need for periodic discharge of sediment and filter replacement.

The closest technical solution is a device for water purification in non-pressure mode, disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation 59997 "Apparatus for water purification", publ. 2007.01.10, B01D 27/02. The device comprises a housing in which filtering means for pre-filtering and a fine filter are placed, having a filter element made of a filter film that is hardened by a reinforcing layer connected to at least one filter surface of the film. The filtering means for preliminary filtration and the fine filter are placed in the apparatus body with the possibility of sequential filtration of water entering the apparatus.

A hose, the second end of which is connected to the inlet fitting, is immersed in a container with untreated water located higher than the water purifier. Raw water by gravity, under the action of gravity, enters the filter device, where it first passes through the means of pre-filtering, and then through the filter element. After that, the filtrate enters the outlet fitting and then through the hose into the container for collecting the filtrate.

The presence as a filter element of a polymer film with pores whose diameter is smaller than the size of a number of pathogenic bacteria and smaller than the size of a number of particles of oil combustion products and a number of molecules

chemical compounds, allows to achieve fine water purification. When using a filter for the preparation of drinking water, the concentration of heavy metals and radionuclides is significantly reduced; the amount of pesticides, pathogenic bacteria and other harmful chemical impurities. In food fluids, all trace elements important to health are preserved. A significant drawback of these filters is the insufficient strength and durability of the membrane filter element, and, consequently, the short life of the entire filter. In addition, the known device has a low filtration rate due to work under the action of gravity, which significantly increases the filtering time. Most clearly, this drawback is manifested when filtering large volumes of water. To replace the means of preliminary filtration and regeneration (washing) of the filter element, it is necessary to disassemble the apparatus.

The creation of the proposed utility model is aimed at expanding the arsenal of cleaning agents, namely, obtaining a high-tech filter that meets the high requirements of cleaning quality with a simple design reliable in operation, as well as universal in its application and having the possibility of regeneration of the filter element. At the same time, the aim was to use environmentally friendly non-synthetic materials in the manufacture of the filter, which ensure cleaning of various kinds of contaminants.

The tasks were solved in the proposed pressure-free filter for water purification, containing a filter element, a discharge fitting and a tube, in which the filter element is made of sorbent material obtained by heat treatment of a powder mixture of a porous natural mineral with a thermoplastic hydrophobic binder. At the same time, the sorbent material may contain both one natural mineral and several minerals. The sorbent may be a layered material of two or more layers with different minerals in

one or more in each layer. Multilayer sorbent is achieved, for example, by sintering plates of sorbent materials.

The used filter material is thermoplastic and this leads to a significant variety of possible forms of the filter element. A common requirement for all forms is the presence of an internal cavity. For example, the filter element may be in the form of a parallelepiped, a cylinder, or any other three-dimensional figure. Basically, the filter element is formed from plates of the same material. They connect the plates by sintering them together during heat treatment. This connection method provides reliable sealing of the internal cavity.

In the particular case of the implementation of the proposed utility model, the filter element can be manufactured using one or two polymer covers that cover the end sides of the element.

The discharge fitting is fixed in a through hole made on one of the sides of the filter element, in the material of the sorbent itself, or in one polymer cover for unhindered removal of the filtrate from the inner cavity of the filter element. The tube (soft hose) is placed at one end on the outlet fitting, and the other is lowered into a container to collect the filtrate.

The design of the proposed utility model does not require the use of additional connecting elements, because when forming the filter element, the plates are connected by sintering them together. In the case of using polymer caps, their attachment is also carried out by sintering. The hardness of the sorbent material does not require a rigid supporting base or support substrate, and the highly developed structure of the sorbent determines a significant filtration rate due to capillary suction of the liquid.

Thus, the proposed filtering device does not require the presence of housings for its placement, fasteners and supporting elements, special means for supplying liquid to the sorbent or for collecting sediment, which

greatly simplifies the design. The utility model is simple to operate and maintain, makes it easy to replace the filter element and its cleaning (restoration). The device is more productive and cost-effective.

Design and technological changes of the main element of the device allow:

- increase the strength and durability of the filter;

- improve the drainage of water from the filter through the nozzle and the tube into the storage tank due to capillary suction of liquid by the material even with a minimum level of liquid in the tank where the filter is placed;

- increase resistance to the smallest solid particles (suspensions in water).

The technical result achieved by using the invention is the high quality of liquid purification from various kinds of contaminants, increasing the filter reliability, productivity and its operating life, including due to chemical and physical-operational characteristics of the filter element. Despite the presence of sorbent material of only one kind, the filter allows complex cleaning: mechanical - from suspended particles or scale, from total iron; sorption - from cations (including heavy metals), anions, organic substances, bacteria and microorganisms, as well as improve the taste of water.

The proposed filter allows you to effectively remove impurities such as sand, scale, rust, colloidal iron, sludge, filter suspensions and suspensions, and eliminate chemical soluble organically harmful substances, such as pesticides, nitrates, active chlorine and heavy metals such as manganese, magnesium, lead, copper, strontium, nickel, zinc, cobalt, iron.

It is proposed to use environmentally friendly sorbent materials based on natural minerals for the manufacture of the filter element. So, for the manufacture of a filter element can be

Minerals such as schungite, zeolite, diatomite, perlite, flask, tripoli, and silica opal were used. These minerals have a highly developed porous structure that determines their basic filtering properties. For example, shungite and zeolite have pores of molecular size, so these minerals are able to absorb and firmly hold a variety of contaminants, including heavy metals, radionuclides, nitrates. The intrinsic porosity of diatomite is up to 85%, which provides even better cleaning, while shungite has bactericidal properties. The technology used to obtain the sorbent material and products from it does not violate the structure of the mineral, and allows you to use it in its natural form.

In particular cases of implementation, the proposed solution can be illustrated on graphic materials:

Figure 1 - filter with a filter element of a rectangular shape;

Figure 2 - filter with a cylindrical filter element;

Figure 3 - filter with a shaped filter element.

The filter shown in figure 1, contains two housing plates 1 of a sorbing material of a rectangular shape, fastened around the perimeter with each other by means of connecting plates 2 of the same material with the formation of a parallelepiped. Two connecting plates located on opposite sides of the box can be replaced with polymer covers. The outlet fitting 3 is located in the through hole 4 on one of the connecting plates. A soft hose (tube) 5 is connected to the discharge fitting to discharge the purified liquid into a container for collecting the filtrate.

The filter shown in figure 2, contains a cylinder 1 made of sorbent material. The ends of the cylinder are closed with round plates 2 of the same material or with polymer caps to form an internal cavity. The outlet fitting 3 is located in the through hole 4 on one of

end plates (or polymer caps), a hose 5 is attached to the fitting to drain the cleaned liquid into a container for collecting the filtrate.

The filter shown in figure 3, contains a filter element made of two outwardly curved plates 1 of sorbent material, bonded together to form a three-dimensional figure with an internal cavity. The ends of the obtained figure are closed with plates 2 of the same material or with polymer covers. The discharge nozzle 3 is located in the through hole 4 on one of the end plates 2 (or polymer caps), a hose 5 is connected to the nozzle to drain the purified liquid into the container for collecting the filtrate.

The filter is used as follows.

To operate the filter, a tank with raw water and a tank for filtered water are required. When filtering, it is desirable to cover both containers with lids from possible additional pollution from the outside.

The tank with untreated water is set approximately one meter (80-100 cm) above the tank for collecting filtered water. The filter element with the tube put on the nozzle is immersed in a container with untreated water, and the free end of the tube in a tank for purified water (Fig. 4). The pressure drop necessary for the flow of the filtering process is created due to the difference in the heights of the intake channels of the filter located in the upper tank and the cut-off of the water shutter in the lower tank. After passing through a layer of sorbent, the purified liquid is collected at the outlet fitting and through the hose the filtrate enters the tank to collect it. At first, the filtered water can flow, then the intensity will gradually decrease and the filter will go into drip mode. At the beginning of work, the performance of a new clean filter element significantly exceeds the nominal. During further operation, the filter should work in the drip mode.

During the operation of the filter, filtered substances are retained on the surface, which leads to a decrease in performance and indicates the need for washing it.

The proposed portable filtering device has a wider range of adsorption and filtering capabilities with significant structural simplification compared to known analogues. The filter can operate continuously or intermittently. The strength of the filter element is provided by its manufacturing technology.

Unlike the currently known filtering devices, the proposed solution has a significantly longer operating time. Especially important is the absence of waste from the used filter element, as during prolonged exposure of the filter element in a liquid medium, there is no leaching of its constituent components and destruction of the material, leading to contamination of the filtered liquid. As contaminants accumulate, the filter element can be cleaned and restored. For this, it is enough to place the used filter element in a liquid acidified, for example, with citric acid, the medium in which the desorption process will begin. After some time, the filter element is completely cleaned and can be reused. After repeated use, the filter element can also be restored again.

Insignificant dimensions, low weight, technical and environmental safety of the device significantly distinguish it from all known technical solutions in this field. In addition, the sorbent used is chemically neutral to most liquid media. Operation and maintenance of the filter do not require special training. The device does not provide continuous monitoring of the filtering process and the need for periodic discharge of sediment and filter replacement. This filter can easily be used in both domestic and after-treatment applications.

tap water at home and in the field for water purification of open reservoirs.

The proposed utility model has undergone lengthy tests, the results of which confirm an increase in the reliability, quality and service life of the entire filter compared to the means available on the market. When filtering aqueous solutions with various contaminants, the utility model provided fine purification of water from suspensions, bacteria, viruses, chemical compounds and colloidal particles dissolved in liquids, as well as unpleasant odors.

Claims (5)

1. A pressure-free filter for water purification, containing a filter element, a discharge fitting and a tube, characterized in that the filter element is made of sorbent material obtained by heat treatment of a powder mixture of at least one porous natural mineral with a thermoplastic hydrophobic binder. 2. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorbent material contains at least two layers with different minerals, one or more in each layer. 3. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter element is a three-dimensional figure having an internal cavity, for example, a box, a cylinder. 4. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains one or two polymer caps. 5. The filter according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outlet fitting is located in a through hole made on one of the sides of the filter element, in the sorbent material, or in a polymer cover.