RU45361U1 - EDUCATIONAL TRAINING PLANE YAK-152 - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to aircraft and is intended for use in organizing training for pilots and consolidating aerobatic skills, as well as training cadets in using weapons and acquiring skills for close combat. The aircraft is a single-engine monoplane. The fuselage is made in the form of an all-metal half-monocoque formed by a transverse set of frames and a longitudinal set of spars and stringers. The propeller is located in the nose of the fuselage and is driven by a power plant. The all-metal wing of the asymmetric profile is made according to a two-spar circuit with working skin and is equipped with ailerons and retractable flaps. The leaky two-seat cockpit is divided into the first and second cockpits, is made with a streamlined lamp and is equipped with a rescue system. Fuel compartments are located in the wing consoles. The all-metal tail unit has a trapezoidal shape in plan with smooth endings and consists of horizontal and vertical feathers. The retractable three-axle chassis with a nose wheel is equipped with a hydraulic wheel braking system. There is a complex of airborne navigation equipment. The aircraft is characterized by an extended scope and high flight and maneuverability.

Description

The invention relates to aircraft and is intended for use in organizing training for pilots and consolidating aerobatic skills.

Known training aircraft Yak-52, containing the fuselage with the front cockpit of the trainee and the rear cockpit of the instructor, a propeller mounted in the nose of the fuselage with the location of the axis of the screw and the horizontal plane of the fuselage in one plane, a power plant for driving the screw, a trapezoidal wing, consisting from half wings with ailerons and brake flaps, horizontal and vertical tail, retractable landing gear, a complex of avionics with an aerodrome display system, navigation and technological information societies (Jane's. All the word's Aircraft. 1994-95, p. 281).

The specified aircraft has the following disadvantages:

restrictions when performing reverse aerobatics;

insufficient flight range;

the student’s cabin is not equipped with means for training in instrument flight;

instrumentation does not provide night flights in simple weather conditions;

the possibility of safe pitch stall is not provided;

there is no rescue system to safely leave the aircraft in flight.

Closest to the proposed is the training flight aircraft Yak-54, containing the fuselage, a propeller located in the nose of the fuselage, a power plant for driving the propeller, a trapezoidal wing, consisting of half wings with ailerons, a system

ailerons control, two-seat cockpit, horizontal and vertical plumage, retractable tricycle landing gear and a complex of airborne navigation equipment.

The disadvantages of this aircraft are also associated with limited functionality, not providing, in particular, training cadets in the use of weapons and the acquisition of skills for close combat.

The objective of the invention is to expand the scope of such an aircraft with high aerobatic and maneuverability characteristics.

The problem is solved in that an initial training aircraft is proposed, which is a single-engine monoplane and contains a fuselage made in the form of an all-metal half-monocoque formed by a transverse set of frames and a longitudinal set of spars and stringers, a propeller located in the nose of the fuselage installation for screw drive, low-located all-metal wing of an asymmetric profile, made according to a two-spar circuit with a working equipped with ailerons and retractable flaps, an unpressurized two-seat cockpit, divided into the first and second cockpits, made with a streamlined lamp and equipped with a rescue system, fuel compartments located in the wing consoles, an all-metal tail unit having a trapezoidal shape in plan with smooth curves and consisting of horizontal and vertical plumage, a retractable three-leg chassis with a nose wheel, equipped with a hydraulic wheel braking system, and a set of sides th navigation and navigation equipment.

Partial essential features of the invention contribute to the solution of the problem.

The frames that absorb concentrated loads from the engine, chassis, wing and tail are made reinforced.

The integral wing is attached to the bottom of the fuselage by butt assemblies along the front and rear wing spars.

Trimmers are installed on the tail surfaces of the tail.

The power plant is made with a turboprop engine.

The nose support of the chassis is fixed at the bottom of the zero frame, and the main supports are on the wing, while the nose support is self-orientating at an angle of ± 55 ° with a non-brake wheel of 150 × 400 mm, and one brake wheel of 150 × 500 mm is installed on the main supports .

In each cabin, a central elevator control handle, ailerons and rudder control pedals are installed, while the control system uses mixed wiring of rigid rods and cables with sectors, providing synchronous movement of the command levers of the first and second cabins.

The aircraft has an onboard oxygen production unit designed to provide oxygen to the crew when flying at altitudes above 3,000 m.

The aircraft has a cabin heating and ventilation system, consisting of intakes of cold and hot air, a heat exchanger, pipelines and dampers.

On the wing consoles installed pneumatic de-icing system.

The on-board flight and navigation equipment complex is capable of displaying information about the health of composite components, flight parameters of aircraft systems and a power plant on the dashboards of the first and second cabins, recording information and recording crew conversations on a secure on-board storage device, providing an approach using optical and radio engineering landing facilities, the creation of two-way telephone radio communications with land

radio stations located at a distance of up to 200 km at operating frequencies in the range 118-137 MHz, in-flight telephone communication between crew members, forming a response to a request from dispatch radars.

The on-board equipment complex used a helmet-mounted target designation system for teaching cadets the use of modern means of destruction and for them to acquire the initial skills of close air combat.

Some nodes of the flight control and navigation equipment are located in the upper part of the fuselage between the zero frame and the dashboard with the output of information to the dashboard, and other nodes are located in the rear of the fuselage and have an approach through the hatch.

Figure 1 shows the side and top views of the proposed aircraft, figure 2 shows two versions of the dashboard in the cabin of the cadet, figure 3 - remote control and display for training combat use, and figure 4 - structural diagram of the complex airborne navigation equipment.

1-4, the following designations are adopted: fuselage 1, propeller 2, powerplant 3, wing 4, aileron 5, flap 6, cabin 7, front cabin 8, rear cabin 9, flashlight 10, rescue system 11, fuel compartments 12, tail unit 13, horizontal unit 14, vertical unit 15, chassis 16, nose wheel 17, on-board equipment 18, computer system 19, dashboard of the front cabin 20, dashboard of the rear cabin 21, on-board registration device 22, landing system 23, radio station 24, aircraft transponder 25.

The Yak-152 aircraft is characterized by sufficient speed, vigorous climb, difficult aerobatics, comfortable crew accommodation of one or two people, ease of training and flight safety. The Yak-152 aircraft is the basis of the training complex for initial training.

The training complex of initial training (UTK PNP) provides the solution of the following main tasks day and night in PMU and SMU:

training in the basics of piloting techniques (flying in a circle, into a zone for simple, complex piloting);

training in the implementation of a corkscrew and withdrawal from it

training in piloting techniques for instruments (under the curtain) during approach using landing places (OSB and RSP);

training in piloting system formation in the afternoon at PMU and beyond the clouds;

training in special cases;

training in the elements of combat use.

The UTK PNP includes:

training aircraft for initial training;

ground-based technical training aids (training classes, procedural simulator);

a system of means of objective control of the pilot's training level with a database.

For the best initial adaptation of the cadet to the subsequent training aircraft such as the Yak-130 and the development of the correct motor and psychological skills, the following were selected:

tandem arrangement of pilots with the location of the cadet in the front cockpit;

tricycle retractable landing gear with front support;

the arrangement of devices on the dashboard is as close as possible to the Yak-130;

installation of blind blind flight.

These conditions make it possible to most easily proceed with continuing training on a Yak-130 primary and advanced training combat trainer, especially since the ground training aids of the UTK PNP include a procedural simulator “ideologically connected” with the Yak-130 base.

The effectiveness of pilot training is supposed to be increased through the active use of computer training classes for simultaneous training on the Yak-152 and Yak-130 aircraft. This will fix the theoretical

cadets' knowledge and to work out the sequence of maintenance and operation of aviation equipment by various specialists in accordance with the guidelines, as well as almost 2 times reduce the time and cost of developing the classrooms themselves.

An important feature of the development of modern combat aircraft is the process of studying the tasks of combat use. At the same time, mastering the preparation and use of weapons is of particular difficulty for flight personnel. Therefore, the main goal of pilot training at the first stage (light-engine aircraft) should be the formation of pilots flying skills and abilities necessary for piloting and conducting hostilities.

To practice combat training, it is proposed (as an option) to place four suspension points on the wing for training missiles and bombs. Combat use can be practiced on the elements of initial training for 20-30 hours.

The Yak-152 is a single-engine monoplane of a classic aerodynamic design with a low wing and retractable three-leg landing gear with a nose wheel.

The aircraft fuselage is an all-metal half-monocoque formed by a transverse set of frames and a longitudinal set of four spars and stringers. The frames taking the concentrated loads from the engine, chassis, wing and tail unit are reinforced.

The aircraft wing is an all-metal, asymmetric profile, made according to a two-spar circuit with a working skin. The wing is one-piece, has a technological joint with the fuselage, is attached to the fuselage by butt assemblies along the front and rear wing spars, located in the lower part of the fuselage.

Fuel compartments with a total capacity of 560 liters are located in the wing consoles. The wing is equipped with ailerons and retractable flaps.

Plumage - all-metal, has a trapezoidal shape in plan with smooth endings and consists of horizontal and vertical plumage. Trimmers are installed on the steering surfaces.

In the upper part of the fuselage, between the frame No. 0 and the dashboard, there is a part of the equipment with information output to the dashboard. The remaining blocks of equipment and systems are located in the rear of the fuselage, access to which is provided through the hatch.

Double cockpit leaky. The geometric dimensions of the cockpit, the design of the lamp, ejection seats, seat belts, the ability to adjust pedals and seats for the growth of pilots, the layout of instrument panels, ventilation and heating of the cabs provide pilots with the convenience of piloting and observing instrument readings, good access to the areas of control overview of the external space at all stages of flight and when taxiing on the ground, reliable fixation in the chair and the possibility of emergency leaving the aircraft.

The SKS-94M2 rescue system with a weight of 54 kg ensures the rescue of both pilots (while the seats remain on the plane) in the entire claimed speed range of 60-500 km / h, from a height of 7-5000 m. The seats are adjustable in height of ± 90 mm.

The cockpit lantern is streamlined and provides good visibility when piloting and moving the aircraft on the ground.

The nose support of the chassis is fixed in the lower part of the frame No. 0, and the main supports are on the wing. The front support is self-orientating at an angle of ± 55 ° with a non-brake wheel of 150 × 400 mm. On the main supports one brake wheel 150 × 500 mm is installed.

Cleaning and release of the landing gear is carried out using electric drives. Wheels are braked by trigger arms mounted on aircraft control sticks. Disinhibition of one of

wheels when turning the aircraft on taxiing is carried out by pedal drives. The wheel braking system is hydraulic.

In each cabin, a central elevator control handle, ailerons and rudder pedals are installed. The control system uses mixed wiring consisting of rigid rods and cables with sectors. The movement of the command levers of the first and second cabs synchronously. The aircraft can be equipped with an autopilot.

The on-board oxygen production unit is designed to provide crew oxygen when flying at altitudes above 3,000 m. It consists of an oxygen-producing installation of the BKDU-130 type, a lung machine, a high-altitude regulator, and an oxygen mask. The operating time of the BKDU - 130 in flight is not limited, with a weight of 15.8 kg.

The cab heating and ventilation system is designed to provide cab ventilation with a lantern closed and for cab heating.

The system consists of cold and hot air intakes, a heat exchanger, pipelines and dampers.

The aircraft is equipped with a pneumatic de-icing system. The system is installed on the wing consoles.

The on-board equipment of the Yak-152 aircraft is designed to provide the tasks of initial training for pilots, to carry out professional selection and allows you to lay the foundations of flight training necessary for the transition to flights on a combat training aircraft of the Yak-130 type.

On-board equipment installed on an airplane ensures group flights in simple and difficult weather conditions, day and night, by a crew of two or one pilots.

The complex of flight-navigation equipment provides:

display of basic flight and navigation information about the state of on-board equipment, aircraft systems and power plants on the dashboards of the first and second cabins;

approach using optical and radio-technical landing equipment;

registration of information about flight parameters and operability of on-board equipment, aircraft systems, power plant and recording of crew negotiations on a secure on-board drive;

two-way telephone radio communication with ground-based radio stations located at a distance of up to 200 km (H = 3600 m) at operating frequencies in the range 118-137 MHz;

in-flight telephone communication between crew members;

response to a request from air traffic control systems radar systems.

On-board equipment installed on the aircraft, selected in accordance with the requirements of AP-23.

Implementation of on-board equipment is possible in two versions:

a variant of standard flight and navigation and radio communication equipment, which provides initial training for pilots, group and single flights in the area of the airfield and along the route, testing the approach to the airfield, approach and landing, flying under the curtain, learning the basics of navigation;

option with the MFCI, which provides a solution to all the problems as the standard version of the airborne equipment, but besides this, the use of the helmet-mounted target designation system adds training for cadets in using modern means of destruction and obtaining initial skills for conducting close air combat.

Work with the equipment of the Yak-152 aircraft will allow for a smooth transition to work with complex flight-navigation and special equipment of the Yak-130 aircraft. Placing the aircraft controls and the main equipment of the onboard equipment is made on the principle of the closest possible approach to the Yak-130 aircraft.

Claims (13)

1. The training aircraft of the initial training, which is a single-engine monoplane and containing the fuselage made in the form of an all-metal half-monocoque formed by a transverse set of frames and a longitudinal set of spars and stringers, an air screw located in the nose of the fuselage, a power unit for driving the screw, an all-metal wing of an asymmetric profile, made according to a two-spar circuit with working skin and equipped with ailerons and retractable flaps, is leaky a two-seater cockpit, divided into first and second cockpits, made with a streamlined shape lamp and equipped with a rescue system, fuel compartments located in the wing consoles, an all-metal tail unit having a trapezoidal shape in plan with smooth endings and consisting of horizontal and vertical plumage, retractable tricycle landing gear with a nose wheel, equipped with a hydraulic wheel braking system, and a complex of flight-navigation equipment. 2. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the frames perceiving concentrated loads from the engine, landing gear, wing and tail unit are reinforced. 3. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the integral wing is attached to the bottom of the fuselage by butt assemblies along the front and rear wing spars. 4. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that trim tabs are installed on the steering surfaces of the tail unit. 5. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the power plant is made with a turboprop engine. 6. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the nose landing gear is fixed at the bottom of the zero frame, and the main supports are on the wing, while the nose landing is self-orientating at an angle of ± 55 ° with a non-brake wheel of 150 × 400 mm, and on the main supports one brake wheel 150 × 500 mm is installed. 7. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that in each cabin there is a central elevator control handle, ailerons and rudder pedals, while the control system uses mixed wiring of rigid rods and cables with sectors, providing synchronous movement of the command levers first and second cabins. 8. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that an onboard oxygen production unit is installed, designed to provide oxygen to the crew when flying at altitudes above 3,000 m. 9. Aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that a cabin heating and ventilation system is installed, consisting of intakes of cold and hot air, a heat exchanger, pipelines and dampers. 10. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that on the wing consoles installed pneumatic de-icing system. 11. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the on-board flight and navigation equipment complex is configured to display information about the health of the components, flight parameters of the aircraft systems and power plant on the dashboards of the first and second cabins, recording information and recording crew conversations on protected on-board drive, providing an approach using optical and radio-technical landing equipment, creating two-way telephone radio communications with terrestrial radio stations, laid at a distance of 200 km at operating frequencies in the range 118-137 MHz, vnutrisamoletnoy telephone communications between crew members, forming a response to a request dispatcher radars. 12. The aircraft according to claim 11, characterized in that the on-board equipment complex uses a helmet-mounted target designation system for teaching cadets the use of modern means of destruction and for them to acquire the initial skills of close air combat. 13. The aircraft according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that some nodes of the on-board flight and navigation equipment are located in the upper part of the fuselage between the zero frame and the dashboard with the output of information to the dashboard, and other nodes are located in the rear of the fuselage and have an approach through the hatch.