RU43666U1 - AUTOMATED REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE MOTION OF ENTERPRISE WORKING CAPACITIES IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION AND HANDLING (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to automated control systems for the movement of working capital of an enterprise in the production and circulation process. Its use to control the movement of working capital in real time at an enterprise, for example, a metallurgical enterprise, allows realistically managing production, rather than adjusting the results to a predefined template. For this, the automated control system contains a system database with information on technological production routes, information on resource consumption rates on technological routes, and the duration of production operations, moreover, raw materials and semi-finished products are compared to specific working capital carriers, each of which is provided with an appropriate identifier, and each production the operation and each production process are associated with a particular event of the transformation of the respective media about orotnyh funds from one form to another, with a corresponding change in the identity of the carriers working capital; data input devices designed to assign an appropriate identifier to each form of working capital carriers, to enter into the system database the actual costs of each working capital carrier for each transformation event, and to measure the actual duration of time between each pair of successive transformation events; a processor configured to compare the actual durations of production operations and production processes with the norms and to find, based on this comparison, the magnitude of the decrease in the turnover rate of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise due to their delay on a specific technological route.

Description

Technical field

This utility model relates to automated systems for controlling the movement of working capital of an enterprise during production and circulation, and, in particular, can be used to control the movement of working capital in real time at an enterprise, for example, a metallurgical enterprise.

The current level of technology

Currently, various automated systems are known for controlling the movement of working capital in an enterprise.

Thus, US Pat. No. 6,622,355 (09/09/2003) and US Application No. 2003/0060915 (03/27/2003) describe automated real-time production control systems. These systems do not allow, however, to optimize the movement of working capital of the enterprise.

In the international application WO 03/054533 (07/03/2003) a device for universal modeling and analysis of the operation of a metallurgical enterprise is described. However, this device does not allow to optimize the movement of working capital of the enterprise.

US Patent No. 5890133 (03/30/1999) describes the dynamic optimization of business processes under the control of a computer system, into the system database of which information about the process to be optimized, its parameters, processed data and results is entered and the process is optimized based on information stored in the system database data, by identifying a specific event in the business process that has a suitable result, modifying the parameters of this event and then checking such a modification. In this system, data processing is carried out using genetic algorithms and orthogonal matrices to modify the parameters of the identified event in the business process with a suitable result.

This system is little applicable to the needs of real production, because the method implemented by this system is, in fact, fitting the result to some optimal value.

Utility Model Essence

The purpose of this utility model is to develop such automated systems for monitoring the movement of circulating assets in real time that would be applicable to the needs of real production.

To achieve this goal, an automated real-time control system is proposed for the movement of the enterprise’s working capital, which contains: a system database designed to store information about technological production routes, each of which is a sequential processing of raw materials and / or previously manufactured semi-finished products, and the norms resource consumption for each of the technological routes and the duration of each production operation of this technological route, which is presented It represents a specific type of processing of raw materials and / or previously manufactured semi-finished products in the corresponding section of a particular technological route, moreover, the raw materials and / or semi-finished products are compared to specific working capital carriers, each of which is provided with a corresponding identifier, and each production operation is associated with a specific conversion event of the corresponding working medium carriers funds from one form to another with a corresponding change in the identifiers of these current assets carriers; the first data input devices designed to assign the corresponding identifier during production operations to each form of working capital carriers and to enter the assigned identifiers into the system database; second data input devices designed to enter actual expenses for each form of the said working capital carriers into the system database for each event of the transformation of working capital carriers from one form to another; third data input devices for measuring and entering into the system database the actual duration of time between each pair of successive media carrier conversion events by the time elapsed between the assignment of identifiers in two successive media conversion media conversion events; a processor configured to compare the actual data entered into the system database with

norms and with the possibility of finding on the basis of this comparison at least the magnitude of the change in the speed of turnover of working capital of the enterprise due to their delay on a specific technological route.

An additional difference of this system is that its processor can be programmed to determine the change in the speed of turnover of working capital of the enterprise according to the formula:

where w ₀ - the normative speed of working capital,

j is the index of a specific production operation;

w _j - the speed of movement of working capital in the j-th production operation;

t ^j ₀ - standard time of the j-th production operation;

i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within the same production operation;

S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of the enterprise;

D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of working capital turnover at the enterprise.

Another additional difference of this system is that its processor can be programmed to determine the amount of lost sales in one cycle of the turnover of working capital of the enterprise due to their delay in the j-th production operation according to the formula:

where j is the index of a specific production operation;

t ^j ₀ - standard time of the j-th production operation;

i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within the same production operation;

S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of the enterprise;

D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of working capital turnover at the enterprise.

In this case, the processor can be additionally programmed to determine the spectrum of the distribution of costs of working capital carriers according to the actual duration of production operations.

Another additional difference of this system is that its processor can be additionally programmed to determine the total duration of the production process on each of the technological routes as the sum of the measured actual durations of all production operations of the corresponding technological route.

Finally, this system may further comprise monitors for displaying results obtained by operation of said processor.

As a variant of the claimed system suitable for use in a specific production, an automated real-time monitoring system for the movement of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise is proposed, containing: a system database designed to store information about the technological routes of a metallurgical enterprise, each of which is a sequential processing raw materials and / or previously manufactured semi-finished products, and on the norms of resource consumption on each of the technological routes in and duration of each production operation of this technological route, which is a specific type of processing of continuous series of metallurgical melts at each metallurgical conversion of the corresponding technological route, and the series of metallurgical melts are compared to specific working capital carriers, each of which is provided with an appropriate identifier, and in each metallurgical conversion match the specific event of the transformation of the respective carriers of the werewolf s funds from one form to another with a corresponding change in the identifiers of these working capital carriers; the first data input devices designed to assign the corresponding identifier during production operations to each form of working capital carriers and to enter the assigned identifiers into the system database; second data input devices designed to enter actual expenses for each form of working capital carriers into the system database for each event of the transformation of working capital carriers from one form to another; third data input devices for measuring and entering into the system database the actual duration of time between each pair of successive media carrier conversion events

funds by the time elapsed between the assignment of identifiers in two successive events of the transformation of current assets carriers; a processor configured to compare the actual data entered into the system database with the norms and to be able to find, on the basis of this comparison, at least the magnitude of the change in the turnover rate of the working capital of a metallurgical enterprise due to their delay on a particular technological route.

An additional difference of this system is that its processor can be programmed to determine the aforementioned decrease in the turnover rate of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise according to the formula:

where w ₀ - the normative speed of working capital,

j is the index of a specific production operation;

w _j - the speed of movement of working capital in the j-th production operation;

t ^j ₀ - standard time of the j-th production operation;

i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within the same production operation;

S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise;

D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of turnover of working capital at a metallurgical enterprise.

Another additional difference of this system is that its processor can be programmed to determine the amount of lost sales in one cycle of the turnover of working capital of the enterprise due to their delay in the j-th production operation according to the formula:

where j is the index of a specific production operation;

t ^j ₀ - standard time of the j-th production operation;

i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within the same production operation;

S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise;

D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of turnover of working capital at a metallurgical enterprise.

At the same time, the processor can be additionally programmed to determine the spectrum of the distribution of costs of working capital carriers according to the actual duration of production operations.

Another additional difference of this system is that its processor is additionally programmed to determine the total duration of the production process on each of the technological routes as the sum of the measured actual durations of all production operations of the corresponding technological route.

Finally, this system may further comprise monitors for displaying results obtained by operation of said processor.

In the current level of technology, no sources of information have been identified in which systems with all of the listed attributes would be described. This allows us to consider the claimed system new.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a generalized block diagram of an automated control system of the present invention.

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate production scheduling for different ratios of times of production operations in a production campaign.

Figure 4 illustrates various forms of timelines for rolling heat for individual production campaigns.

Figure 5 shows the sequence of production campaigns for an optimal schedule.

Detailed Description of Embodiments of a Utility Model

The proposed automated control system has a generalized block diagram shown in figure 1. The automated system of FIG. 1 contains a system database 1, which, in FIG. 1, is further divided into a first database 2, a second database 3 and a third database 4 for convenience, although this division is not necessary: physically the system database 1 can be implemented as a single unit, or its components can be stored on several hardware separated in space.

In the first database 2 data are pre-recorded initial conditions for production planning. For a metallurgical enterprise, such initial conditions are a predetermined planning period, work in progress at the beginning of the planning period, and time intervals provided for the repair of units. Obviously, the same or similar initial planning conditions will apply to any other specific production.

In addition to the initial conditions, restrictions on the production capacities of the units and restrictions on the production volumes of certain types of semi-finished products and finished products in each workshop of the enterprise are introduced in advance in the first database 2 data. The process of sequential processing of raw materials and / or previously manufactured semi-finished products at the enterprise, and of certain raw materials into a certain semi-finished product (or finished product) in a certain way, according to a certain technology and using a certain replacement equipment, is called a technological route. Each technological route consists of the corresponding technological sections, which in this case are understood as both workshops and individual productions in the workshop. A specific type of processing of raw materials or previously manufactured semi-finished products in this technological area is called a production operation. For a metallurgical enterprise in each workshop or production, i.e. at each technological site, a certain redistribution of continuous series of metallurgical smelting of raw materials and / or semi-finished products of the previous workshop or production takes place, called the metallurgical redistribution. Therefore, at a metallurgical enterprise, a production operation is called the process of performing any metallurgical redistribution, and the technological route can be a sequential process from loading iron ore and coke into a blast furnace, through the production of cast iron, its conversion into steel, casting of steel to billets and rolling of hot steel blanks until the rental of the required profiles. Each pair of consecutive mentioned metallurgical processes is called a production campaign.

It is necessary to take into account that such an understanding of the technological route differs from the generally accepted one, when the sequence of units or workshops is simply indicated. The fact is that the different methods of processing raw materials and / or semi-finished products that make up the processing sequence differ in that they have different costs. This point must be taken into account when considering the movement of working capital, as the feedstock (iron ore, coke, alloying

steel additives), as well as semi-finished products and final finished products obtained as a result of each metallurgical redistribution are the respective carriers of the enterprise’s working capital, and in each production operation and / or each production process, the respective working medium carriers are converted from one form to another.

Returning to the first database of 2 data, it should be noted that it also includes restrictions on the use of raw materials, materials, replaceable equipment, energy resources for production, in other words, restrictions on the resources used. These restrictions, as a rule, are related to the fact that the enterprise, for example, cannot for any reason purchase, bring or simply use the amount of material that is required on a particular technological route.

All information recorded in the first database 2 data is entered from the corresponding workstations (AWS) of 14 production and commercial departments of the enterprise. As a result, the first database 2 stores information about restrictions on all technological routes that are collected once for unchanged technological routes and are updated as they change (say, due to equipment updates or the addition of new technological routes). The availability of such data on the whole variety of technological routes of the enterprise can dramatically accelerate all further calculations.

In the second database 3 data are entered on each of the technological routes of the enterprise (on the totality of its technological sections) that make up the regulatory database of technological routes of the enterprise. This includes information on resource consumption rates, i.e. any information from the group consisting of norms of consumption of raw materials, norms of consumption of materials, norms of consumption of replaceable equipment, norms of consumption of energy resources, fund of working time, norms of labor productivity. It also contains information about the duration of each production campaign of any technological route. It also stores information about the prices of any resources.

In addition, in the second database 3 data are entered on each of the technological routes for the pre-determined dependence on the values of the volume of finished products and the selected technological route for at least one of the following indicators: cost of variable costs for the production of finished products and semi-finished products, production volumes of semi-finished products for each from sections of the corresponding technological route, resource requirements at each of

sections of the corresponding technological route and time for processing on each of the sections of the corresponding technological route of previously manufactured semi-finished products. In fact, this dependence is a mathematical model linking any of the above indicators with the values of the volume of finished products for each of the above technological routes. Such modeling is also carried out once and is adjusted only as technological routes change, so that all further calculations are sharply accelerated.

The third database 4 contains the results of planning and operational monitoring of production coming from the means described below 5-7 of the considered system.

As shown in figure 1, the data automated control system according to the present utility model contains, in addition to the system base 1, at least three subsystems: subsystem 5 for planning production volumes and sales of products and resource requirements, subsystem 6 for planning the production schedule and subsystem 7 monitoring the state of production, which are interconnected and connected, in addition, to the third database 4 of the system database 1 data. In this case, the subsystem 7 for monitoring the state of production includes, in particular, a unit 8 for monitoring production and a unit 9 for calculating deviations. In addition, the subsystem 7 for monitoring the state of production includes registration means 10 designed to register with a given periodicity the real volumes of production of finished products and semi-finished products at each of the sections of technological routes. These means 10 may include first input means 11, second input means 12 and third input means 13, the purpose of which is described below. Subsystem 7 also includes means for generating control actions, not shown in the drawing, intended for generating the corresponding control actions, and transmission means for transmitting the generated control actions to control means of the corresponding sections of technological routes, which are also not shown in the drawing. All of these tools are explained in more detail below.

Subsystem 5 of planning production volumes and sales of products and resource requirements and subsystem b of planning the production schedule can be implemented each in the form of an appropriately programmed personal computer or in the form of a corresponding state machine.

The programming of subsystem 5 for planning production volumes and sales of products and resource requirements (or the compilation of the structure of the corresponding state machine) is carried out in such a way that this subsystem 5 can perform the following operations:

- determine the specific orders of customers for the production of finished products production orders using the aforementioned dependency (mathematical model), entered into the second database 3 data;

- distribute these production orders according to the corresponding technological routes so that at the end of the planned production period for these orders the maximum marginal income from the sale of finished products is obtained;

- on the basis of the distribution of production orders by technological routes to form the optimal budget for the sale of finished products and the acquisition of appropriate resources for the planned production period;

- to formulate tasks for the volumes of production of finished products and semi-finished products for each of the sections of the corresponding technological routes.

It should be specially noted that the planning in subsystem 5 is carried out “from the end”, i.e. from the sale of finished products.

The programming subsystem 6 of the planning of the production schedule (or the structure of the corresponding finite state machine) is programmed in such a way that this subsystem b can convert tasks to the volumes of production of finished products and semi-finished products formed by subsystem 5 of planning the volumes of production and sales of products and resource requirements for each of sections of all metallurgical redistribution, into production campaigns, in each of which a specific type of conversion is carried out works of continuous series of metallurgical swimming trunks constituting working capital carriers at each metallurgical conversion of the corresponding technological route, and each production campaign is planned in such a way as to maximize the speed of working capital in a particular production.

In the production monitoring subsystem 7, the production monitoring unit 8 and the deviation calculation unit 9 can be implemented as suitably programmed processors or personal computers, although it is quite possible to implement units 8 and 9 as finite state machines. A feature of the production monitoring unit 8 is that means 10 are connected to its inputs

registration of real volumes of production of finished products and semi-finished products at each of the sections of each technological route. A feature of the deviation calculation unit 9 is that means for generating the corresponding control actions are connected to its outputs. The programming of blocks 8 and 9 of the subsystem 7 for monitoring the state of production (or the compilation of structures of the corresponding state machines) is carried out in such a way that this subsystem 7 can perform the following operations:

- register with a given periodicity the real volumes of production of finished products and semi-finished products in each of the sections of technological routes;

- compare the registered production volumes with the corresponding indicators previously found for the above dependence for each of the production campaigns;

- on the basis of inconsistencies identified during the comparison, determine the changes that need to be made to specific production campaigns to ensure optimization of the production process;

- form the appropriate control actions according to the changes found;

- transfer formed control actions to control means of the corresponding sections of technological routes.

As an example, we note that for a metallurgical enterprise, means 10 for registering real production volumes (first or third input means 11-13) can be local automated control systems (ACS) of workshops and production, if any, at the enterprise, or simply manual input means if the company does not have an automated control system. Means of forming control actions for a metallurgical enterprise can be the same local ACS of workshops (production), with the help of which specific control decisions are made automatically or manually to change, for example, operating modes in the corresponding production campaigns. The transmission means of the generated control actions, as a rule, are made in the form of corresponding communication lines suitable for transmitting those signals that are generated by the means of forming the control actions. Finally, the control means of the corresponding sections of the technological routes for the metallurgical enterprise are specific means of managing the technological sections,

similar to those described, for example, in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2178578 or in US patent No. 5697424. In the particular case, it can simply be graphs or tables that show tasks for the smelting of steel of certain grades, or tasks for rolling a certain profile, or tasks for cutting rolled products to specific lengths, or tasks for the shipment of finished products to the appropriate buyer.

Next, we will consider the work of an automated control system for the movement of working capital of an enterprise in the production process and circulation at a metallurgical enterprise according to this utility model.

Upon receipt of orders from customers for the production of finished products they need, these orders are registered with the commercial department of a metallurgical enterprise and, after appropriate processing (grouping, determining urgency, etc.), are entered from workstations 14 into subsystem 5 for planning production volumes and sales of products and resource requirements. In this subsystem 5, incoming orders are grouped by profile sizes and steel grades into production tasks and are placed in the database of production orders. Such a database can be part of any of the first 2 or second 3 databases already considered, or it can be part of the third database 4 or it can be an independent database as part of subsystem 5 for planning production volumes and sales of products and resource requirements.

Next, subsystem 5 receives from AWP 14 and processes the initial conditions for planning: a given planning period, work in progress at the beginning of this planning period, time intervals provided for repair of units. Here, in subsystem 5, the restrictions on the production capacities of the units and the restrictions on the production volumes of certain types of semi-finished products and finished products in all workshops of all metallurgical conversions, as well as restrictions on the use of raw materials, materials, replacement equipment and energy resources for production, are obtained products. In addition, subsystem 5 processes the restrictions on production capacities obtained from the second database 3 and restrictions on the production volumes of certain types of finished products, restrictions on material resources, replacement equipment and energy resources, product prices in customer orders and the cost of variable production costs for each technological route. The result of all the above processing in subsystem 5 is the distribution of production

tasks on technological routes so that during the planning period the maximum marginal income is received. This optimization problem is solved by well-known linear programming methods. A specific solution to such a problem is given in Example 1. In addition, subsystem 5, using the found distribution of production volumes by technological routes, calculates the production volumes of all types of semi-finished products and finished products in all workshops of all metallurgical processes, and then calculates the budget for the sale of products in the planning period , marginal income for each type of product, for each customer order and for each transaction. Based on the calculations made, in subsystem 5 the volumes of requirements for raw materials, materials, replacement equipment and energy resources and the budget for the supply for the planning period are determined, which are stored in the third database 4.

Using the found distribution of production volumes by technological routes, subsystem 5 transfers to the subsystem 6 of the planning of the production schedule planning the float production schedule in all workshops of all metallurgical processes, and the planned production volumes of each type of product and semi-finished products for subsystem 7 for monitoring the state of production for of each workshop of all metallurgical conversions. Further, directly in the process of metallurgical production, subsystem 5 receives from the subsystem 7 the monitoring of the state of production (from the deviation calculation unit 9) deviations of the actual execution of production tasks at the current time from the planned ones. Based on these deviations, subsystem 5 replaces the specified planning period with its remaining part, excludes actually fulfilled production volumes from the initial production tasks, and redistributes the remaining part of production tasks along the technological routes so that during the remaining part of the planning period the maximum marginal income is obtained. Then subsystem 5 transfers the redistribution of production volumes by workshops and technological routes to subsystem 6 of the planning of the production schedule for the remainder of the planning period, as well as to the third database 4. The obtained planning results are displayed on computer monitors AWP 14 of production and managerial personnel in graphical and / or tabular form.

Subsystem 6 of planning the production schedule, having received from subsystem 5 the distribution of volumes of all types of products and semi-finished products for all

shops and technological production routes, converts volumetric tasks for the production of each type of finished product for each technological route into float production campaigns. This transformation is carried out so that each production campaign includes the sequential processing of continuous series of steel smelts at each metallurgical conversion of the technological route, and so that the waiting time for each heat of the previous conversion at the subsequent processing and the amount of unprocessed metal of the previous processing are minimal. The results are placed by subsystem 6 for each production campaign in the database of production campaigns. This database of production campaigns can be part of any of the first 2 or second 3 databases already considered, and can be part of the third database 4 or be an independent database as part of the planning planning subsystem 6 of the production schedule.

Further, subsystem 6, using the means of exchanging data between the subsystems, selects data on the time intervals allotted for equipment repairs from subsystem 5 of the planning of production volumes, and customer orders from the database of production orders, the execution time of which is fixed and determined by customer conditions. This data is converted by subsystem 6 into time intervals prohibited for placement of other production campaigns in them. Then, using the database of production campaigns, taking into account the forbidden time intervals, subsystem 6 distributes the production campaigns in time and order so that the density of this distribution in time is maximum and the time gaps between production campaigns are minimal. As a result, the optimal timetable for float production for a given planning period is calculated. This production schedule is divided by subsystem 6 into weekly and daily tasks, which are transferred to the subsystem 7 for monitoring the state of production. Based on these tasks and using regulatory data from the second database 3, subsystem 6 calculates the schedule of shipment of finished products to customers, and in addition, using the terms of delivery and payments in customer orders, calculates a schedule for the receipt of funds for shipped finished products in the planning period. In addition, subsystem 6, on the basis of the production schedule and using regulatory data from the second database 3, calculates the schedule for the supply of raw materials and materials for production, and also, on the basis of prices and payment terms, calculates the schedule

payments for raw materials in the planning period. The obtained planning results are placed in the third database 4 and displayed by the subsystem 6 on the computer monitors AWP 14 production and management personnel.

In the subsystem 7 for monitoring the state of production, the unit 8 for monitoring the production receives from the subsystem b of planning the volume of production planned tasks for all types of products and semi-finished products for all workshops of technological routes and a production schedule. These data are brought to the attention of production personnel in the workshops and in the workshops. Let us consider as an example a fragment of the production process at a metallurgical enterprise from the beginning of steelmaking to the shipment of products. The previous stage of iron smelting is similar to the stage of steel smelting (with the exception of specific starting materials and products obtained), and therefore, in order to facilitate understanding, it is not considered here.

In the steelmaking shop, the converter (the object in which the event of the transformation of working capital carriers takes place) is filled with molten iron and loaded with scrap metal, ferroalloys and additional materials (working capital carriers that have each specific cost and each of which has its own identifier), purge charge oxygen (which is also a carrier of working capital with its identifier). As a result, cast iron and loaded materials turn into liquid steel (an event of the transformation of working capital carriers), which is called melting (and is also a working capital carrier). The smelter, which is assigned a number (identifier of this working capital carrier), is then poured into ingots (media conversion event) and, finally, ingots (working capital carriers) are transported to the rolling mill for heating and rolling, or to the warehouse of ingots for storage.

In the rolling shop, steel smelting ingots, the identifiers of which contain the smelting number, are heated in heating devices and processed (the event of the transformation of the working capital carrier) on the rolling mill (the object of turning the working capital carrier) into a batch of rolled products (working capital carrier) whose identifier contains the number swimming trunks. This batch of rolled products is then transferred to the finished goods warehouse (object for the conversion of working capital), from which it is then loaded onto wagons and sent to the buyer (event of the transformation of the carrier of working capital).

Thus, the technological processes of steel and rolling production can be represented in the form of processes of successive conversion of working capital carriers from one form to another, which are characterized by the cost of working capital carriers, the time of transformation events and the duration of these processes between every two successive events, and the normative time of these processes may be different for different profiles of rolled products and different steel grades (signs of working capital carriers and their operations Ia), and processes having the same characteristics and one regulatory time duration, form one process group.

In the course of metallurgical production, data on actual production with a given frequency are taken by the appropriate means of registration 10. Thus, information about the actual volumes of production of finished products and semi-finished products on each of the sections of technological routes, as well as identifiers of objects of conversion of working capital carriers, identifiers, signs and volumes of the used and / or received working capital carriers and information on the actual duration of production operations are received in block 9 calculation of deviations. This deviation calculation unit 9 (processor) divides all production processes according to their characteristics into groups, assigns an identifier to each group and puts the results in the table of the process database, after which it identifies subgroups of production processes having the same duration in each identified process group, assigns each identifier for such a subgroup, summarizes the number and value of current assets carriers belonging to each subgroup, and compares these actual data with a new production schedule at a controlled point in time to calculate deviations in the production of iron, steel, billets and rolled products. These deviations are transferred to the subsystem 5 for planning production volumes for subsequent re-calculation of volumes and the production schedule for the remainder of the planning period. In addition, unit 8 for monitoring production receives data from computers of production personnel on changes in equipment repair schedules, on changes in restrictions on production capacities and restrictions on the production of certain types of products, converts the data into new initial conditions and transfers them to subsystem 5 for planning production volumes for subsequent re-calculation of volumes and the production schedule for the remainder of the planning period. In addition, on

Based on the deviations found in the deviation calculation unit 9, the means for generating the control actions generate the corresponding control actions, which are transmitted to the control means of the corresponding sections of the technological routes using the appropriate transmission means.

All these calculations are carried out for accounting and planning tasks in such a way as to maximize the speed of movement of working capital in production, the carriers of which are the mentioned raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products. A specific solution to the problem of such an optimization problem is given in Example 2. In particular, the deviation calculation unit 9 (processor), based on the data supplied to the production monitoring subsystem 7, calculates the decrease in the turnover rate of the enterprise’s working capital by the formula:

and the volume of lost sales in one cycle of the turnover of working capital of the enterprise due to the delay of the carriers of working capital in the j-th production process according to the formula:

where w ₀ - the normative speed of working capital,

j is the index of a specific production process;

w _j - the speed of movement of working capital in the j-th production process;

t ^j ₀ - standard time j-th production process;

i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within two identical consecutive mentioned transformation events;

S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of the enterprise;

D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of working capital turnover at the enterprise.

Based on the calculation results, the deviation calculation unit 9 (processor) can determine the total duration of the production process on each of the technological routes as the sum of the measured actual durations of all production operations of the corresponding technological route. In addition, according to actual durations.

production operations, this processor is able to determine the spectrum of the distribution of costs of the mentioned working capital carriers by the actual duration of production operations. To perform all these calculations, the processor (deviation calculation unit 9) of the production monitoring subsystem 7 is accordingly programmed.

All results obtained in the described control process are displayed on monitors (displays) of the workstation of the corresponding production personnel. Moreover, the mapping can occur with varying degrees of generalization at different levels of hierarchical monitoring. The upper level of such hierarchical monitoring is intended to represent all the main areas of production and economic activity of a metallurgical enterprise as objects of observation. Moreover, such a representation of precisely all directions is even carried out forcefully so that the displayed data is as complete as possible. The lower level of hierarchical monitoring is intended to represent the results of the work of the corresponding production units as objects of observation. In addition, at the lower level of hierarchical monitoring, primary documents of production management, financial and accounting are also displayed. Each intermediate level of the hierarchical monitoring under consideration is intended to represent objects generalized (aggregated) from the objects of observation of the underlying level in accordance with predetermined conditions. These conditions may include, for example, aggregation of information obtained at the lower level of hierarchical monitoring, first on the production sites of each workshop, and then on all the shops of one technological route. Or these conditions may be requirements for aggregating information for each resource used in this production campaign, and then for the aggregate of resources used in this production campaign. Obviously, the specific conditions for the aggregation of information of the lower level will be dictated by the requirements of a particular production at a particular enterprise, for example, these conditions for the aggregation of objects of observation at intermediate levels may include the technological structure of a particular metallurgical enterprise. To implement such hierarchical monitoring, the processor (deviation calculation unit 9) of the production monitoring subsystem 7 is programmed accordingly.

In addition, the processor (deviation calculation unit 9) of the production monitoring subsystem 7 can also be programmed to

to provide access to a specific level and all the underlying levels of the hierarchical monitoring only to a person who has the appropriate access right. Such access can be granted, for example, by a password entered into the keyboard, or by an identification code entered by means of a smart card, or by any other known method. The purpose of such hierarchical access is to ensure that information from higher levels of hierarchical monitoring, which may constitute a trade secret, is available only to the appropriate managers of the enterprise.

Thus, the dynamic management of production by orders of customers at the metallurgical enterprise. Similarly, production management can also take place in enterprises of a different profile. Dynamic planning in this case should be carried out daily, based on the state of production for the current day and the planned task for the entire period. The basic principle of such dynamic management is the optimization of volumetric and scheduling for the remainder of the planning calendar period. Such optimization is aimed at maximizing the value of marginal income from product sales and maximizing the speed of working capital in production. This problem is solved by linear programming methods. A specific version of such a solution is given in Examples 1 and 2.

It should be specially noted that in the process of dynamic planning, each of the production campaigns is planned in such a way as to ensure, on the one hand, the minimum time intervals between the receipt of semi-finished products on any of the sections of the technological route and the processing of these semi-finished products on the next section of the technological route, and on the other hand , the minimum volumes of unprocessed semi-finished products previously processed at any of the sections of the technological route before receiving regular floors in the same section of finished products. All production campaigns are distributed in time so that the density of their distribution, taking into account the predefined time intervals for equipment repair, is maximum, and the time gaps between successive production campaigns are minimal. A specific version of the dynamic planning and monitoring of production is given in Examples 1 and 2.

Industrial applicability

This utility model can be used for automated control over the movement of working capital of an enterprise in the production process and circulation at a particular enterprise. It can be implemented on existing hardware, by connecting them appropriately and introducing a new program compiled according to the algorithms of this utility model.

It is obvious for a specialist that this utility model, disclosed in the description by the example of automated control over the movement of working capital of an enterprise during production and circulation at a metallurgical enterprise, can be modified for any other enterprise without any additional invention, but only by appropriate modification . Therefore, the scope of the present utility model is determined not by the above description, which serves only to illustrate the possible options for the implementation of the present utility model, but by the attached formula of the utility model, considered together with possible equivalents of the features presented therein.

Example 1

Scheduling algorithm

Planning task

Let there customer orders for products P ^w _z with the characteristic [p, m, r] ^w _z :

П ^w _з ∈ [p, m, r] ^w _з (w = w _i , w ₂ , ..., w _f )

Combine customer orders in N production orders j = (j ₁ , j ₂ , ..., j _n , ..., j _N ) so that

N ^w _h ∈P _jn, if [p, m, r] ^w _h ∈ [p, m, r] jn

Further, for ease of writing, we will denote any j _n- th production order as the j-th production order.

We denote by П _{j the} products according to the jth production order with the characteristic [p, w, r] _j . By G _j we denote the quantity of products that need to be produced on the j-th production order, and through C _j - the average price of products for this order.

The relationship between the wth customer order and the jth production order is described by the relationship diagram:

[p, m, r, j, P _s ^w , P _j ] (1)

Denote by i the number of redistribution of products along the technological route, starting from zero (cast iron production) to final (i _k ):

i = 0, 1, ..., i _k

By P _ij we denote the semi-finished product of the i-th redistribution for the j-th production order in the shop Z _i .

Let there be M technological production routes K = K ₁ , K ₂ , ..., K _m , ..., K _M.

We denote by K the numbers of technological routes along which products can be produced on the j-th production order.

We introduce the following notation:

d _j is the specific consumption at the i-th metallurgical conversion of the semi-finished product of the previous (i-1) -th metallurgical conversion (П _i-1 ) for the production of П _i in the workshop Z _i ;

A _h - all normalized per unit of production types of raw materials, materials, fuel and replaceable equipment, (h = 1, 2, ..., H);

U ₁ - all types of standardized used production waste. (l = 1, 2, ..., L);

- the specific consumption of material And _h on the production of products P _i in the shop Z _i i-th metallurgical redistribution;

- specific waste U _i production of products P _i in the shop Z _i i-th metallurgical redistribution;

t _i - the norm of time for production of products P _i in the shop Z _i i-th metallurgical redistribution.

Then any technological route can be described by the relation scheme:

Is denoted by D _i ^Km = d _{i + 1} ^Km · d _{i + 2} ^Km ... d _ik ^Km semi consumption rate of i-metallurgical processing to manufacture the finished product i _k -th metallurgical Technological route to _m.

Then the regulatory limited cost of production of finished products along the technological route K _m can be calculated by the formula:

where C (A _h ) is the price of the material A _h (h = 1, ..., H),

C (U _l ) - the price of use of production waste U _i (l = 1, ..., L).

The consumption rate of material A _h for the production of finished products at any i-th metallurgical conversion in the workshop Z _i along the route K _{m is} calculated by the formula:

(i = 0, 1, ..., i _k ) \ tab (4)

The standard waste output U _l at any i-th metallurgical redistribution in the workshop Z _i along the route K _{m is} calculated by the formula:

The standard fund of working time for the production of the i-th metallurgical redistribution in the shop Z _{i is} calculated by the formula:

Taking into account expressions (3) - (6), the relationship diagram for any technological route will take the form:

Relations and formulas (1) - (7) constitute the main regulatory framework for production planning.

The optimal planning problem is formulated as follows:

Let the planned period T be given, during which N production orders j = (j ₁ , j ₂ , ..., j _n , ..., j _N ) must be completed along M technological routes K _m so that the marginal revenue from sales products for all production orders was maximum.

Let for each j-th production order for the production of finished products P _j = P _{jkj the} volume of finished products G _j = G _{jkj is given} . Assume also that in each workshop Z _i (i = 0, 1, ..., i _k ) at the initial moment of time t ₀ there is a stock of finished products (semi-finished product) П _ij in the amount of Q _ij (Q _ikj = Q _j )

Suppose that the jth production order is executed along one or more process routes K _mj .

Assume also that the values of the constraining conditions are predefined:

G _Zi ^max - the maximum possible production in the workshop Z _i ;

G _tj ^min , G _tj ^max - the boundaries of the production of a batch of semi-finished products (products) of the corresponding type in the shop Z _i ;

And _hi ^max - the maximum allowable value for the use of material of the form And _h

We denote by G _j ^{Kmj the} volume of the jth production order G _j executed along the route K _mj .

Then the solution of the problem of optimal production planning is reduced to the solution of the following linear programming problem: find the values of G _j ^Kmj at which a marginal income from product sales is achieved:

under the following conditions:

- fulfillment of the volume of the production order G _j :

- time limit in each workshop Z _{i of the} i-th metallurgical redistribution along all technological routes:

- restriction on marginal production in the shop Z _{i of the} i-th metallurgical redistribution:

- restriction on the volume of the party of the j-th order in the shop Z _{i of the} i-th metallurgical redistribution:

- restriction on the use of materials in the shop Z _i i-th metallurgical processing:

Planning Solution

Let the linear programming problem (9) - (14) be solved and the optimal load values of technological routes be found of each j-th production order:

for all K _mj and j (15)

Then for any planning period T for Z _{i of} any workshop of any i-th metallurgical redistribution, provided that:

stock of finished products for the j-th production order at the beginning of the planning period is Q _j ;

the stock of semi-finished products of the i-th metallurgical redistribution for the j-th production order is Q _ij ;

the volume of production of a batch of finished products P _j or semi-finished product P _ij in the workshop Z _{i of} any i-th metallurgical conversion is limited to a minimum , and the maximum setpoints;

the volume of total production (semi-finished product) in any workshop Z _{i is} limited by the value ,

the use of material A _h (h = 1, ..., H) in workshop Z _{i is} limited to a predetermined value ,

The production program below is calculated.

1. The volume of finished goods production П _j according to the j-th production order in the shops of the last metallurgical redistribution of products П _j

Total:

in each workshop of the last redistribution:

for

Limited cost of finished products P _j on the j-th production order:

total:

on each route:

Consumption of materials for the production of finished products P _j on j-th production order

Total:

at each i-th metallurgical conversion:

in each workshop of the i-th metallurgical redistribution:

2. The need for semi-finished products of previous metallurgical processing for the production of products P _j po j-th production order.

Billets for rolling, raw rails for T / O RBC in each workshop of the third metallurgical redistribution:

The volume of the semi-finished product P ₃ :

Consumption of materials for the production of semi-finished product P _3j :

The cost of the semi-finished product P _i3j :

Hot rolled and continuously cast billets:

The volume of the semi-finished product П _2j according to the j-th production order in the workshop Z ₂ (blooming, continuous casting machine - continuous casting machine):

The consumption of materials for the production of workpiece P _2j in the workshop Z ₂ :

The limited cost of the semi-finished product P _2j in the shop Z ₂ :

The volume of total production in each workshop of the second metallurgical redistribution:

Consumption of materials for the entire volume of production in the workshop Z ₂ :

Limited cost of the total production in the workshop Z ₂ :

The volume of production of the workpiece with a given profile p ₃ :

Limited cost of semi-finished products with a given profile p ₃ :

The consumption of materials for the production of billets with a given profile p ₃ :

The volume of production of the workpiece with a given steel grade m ₃ :

Limited cost of semi-finished products with a given steel grade m ₃ :

The consumption of materials for the production of billets with a given steel grade m ₃ :

Steel bullion converter and open-hearth shops

Steel production volume P _1j according to the j-th production order in the workshop Z ₁ , (open-hearth furnace, converter):

The consumption of materials for the production of steel P ₁ in the shop Z ₁ :

Limited cost of steel P ₁ in the shop Z ₁ :

Total steel production in workshop Z ₁ :

Consumption of materials for the entire volume of steel in the workshop Z ₁ :

Limited cost of the entire volume of steel in the shop Z ₁ :

The volume of steel production in ingots of a given type p ₃ :

The consumption of materials for the production of steel ingots of a given type p ₃ :

Limited cost of production of steel in ingots of a given type p ₃ in the shop Z ₁

The volume of steel production of a given grade m ₃ in the workshop Z ₁ :

The consumption of materials for the production of steel of the specified grade m ₃ in the workshop Z ₁ :

Limited cost of production of steel of a given grade m ₃ in the workshop Z ₁ :

Cast iron liquid blast furnace

Cast iron volume P _оj according to the j-th production order:

Consumption of materials for the production of pig iron P _oj :

Limited cost of cast iron P _oj :

The volume of all cast iron to fulfill all production orders:

Consumption of materials for the entire volume of cast iron:

Limited cost of cast iron total:

Production volume of cast iron of a given brand m ₃ :

The consumption of materials for the production of cast iron of a given brand m ₃ :

Limited cost of cast iron of a given brand m ₃ :

3. Budgeting. Sales budget.

Profitability of the w-th sales order.

Denote by K _{w the} routes K ' _mj onto which and

If the price of products П _w according to the w-th customer order is equal to Ц _w , then the sales volume for this order will be:

Limited standard cost of production P _w :

Denote by N ^Kw _{w the} rate of conditionally constant costs per unit of output П _w along the route К _w . Then the full standard cost of production P _w will be equal to:

Thus, the normative profitability of a customer’s w-order for products П _w will be equal to:

If client R made W _R orders for products П ^K _w , then the profitability of the transaction is determined by the formula:

Proceeds from the execution of orders of all customers:

for all R, w, K _w = K ' _mj (65)

Profitability of revenue is determined from the expression:

for all R, w, K _w = K ' _{mj \ tab} (66)

4. Budgeting. Procurement Budget.

The need for materials to fulfill all N production orders is calculated by the formula:

for all j, i (67)

Suppose that at the beginning of the planning period there are stocks of materials A _h ^s (h = 1, ..., N). Then the need for procurement of each type of raw material, materials, fuel and replacement equipment will be determined as:

ΔA _h = A _h -A _h ^s ; h = 1, ..., H

The need for financing the purchase of material And _h will be:

D _Ah = ΔA _h · C (A _h ); h = 1, ..., N (68)

The need for financing the purchase of raw materials, materials, fuel and replacement equipment for the implementation of the entire production program will be:

So, presenting the production model as a set of technological routes allows you to create a regulatory framework for planning the production program for any given period of time T. The task of production planning is reduced to the linear programming problem, the solution of which can always be found. The management of the production planning process is carried out by setting and changing the initial conditions and restrictions. Route planning allows for integrated planning of sales, production and procurement.

Solving the linear programming problem allows you to build a production program that meets the needs of customers with maximum marginal revenue from product sales. Setting a planning period free of restrictions allows for dynamic production planning from the current state.

Example 2

Statement of the problem of production scheduling

The optimal scheduling algorithm is based on the principle of achieving the maximum speed of working capital in the rental process. To assess the speed of movement of circulating assets, we will use the volume of lost sales from the delay of heat in the rolling process.

Let us imagine rolling production as consisting of two stages: rolling a workpiece on a blooming or casting a workpiece on a continuous casting machine (CCM) - the first metallurgical processing and rolling the workpiece into finished products - the second metallurgical processing.

By the i-th production campaign we mean the process of continuous rolling of a series of N _i melts in the shops of the first and second metallurgical conversions.

So, let N _i be the number of heats in a series, and n be the number of heats in a series (n = 1, 2, ..., N).

For each ith production campaign, through Ts' _i we denote the time of rolling one melting at the first metallurgical processing (including the time of casting one melt into billets at the continuous casting machine), and through Ts _i '' we denote the duration of the cycle of rolling one melt in the rolling mill production (as a rule, Ts _i '≠ Ts _i '').

We distinguish two characteristic cases - the case when C _i '≥ C _i ''and the case when C _i ''>C' _i .

First, consider a series of 6 swimming trunks for the case when Ts' _i ≥ Ts _i '' (see figure 2).

In figure 2 is indicated:

τ _mp - the time of transportation of the heat from one shop to another;

τ _aw - waiting time for the start of rolling after the arrival of the heat in the rolling mill.

From the condition of process continuity and taking into account the condition Ц ' _i ≥Ц'' _{i, the} total waiting time for the start of rolling at the second metallurgical conversion will be minimal if the start time for rolling the last heat in a series of the second metallurgical conversion will follow immediately after the end of rolling the last heat at the first metallurgical conversion and her arrival at the rolling mill of the second metallurgical redistribution.

Denote the start time of the series at the first metallurgical redistribution through t ' _n . Then the start time of the series at the second redistribution will be equal to:

t _n '' = t ' _n + τ _mp + N; Ts _i ' + (N-1); Ts _i ''

The waiting time for the start of rolling of any nth melting at the second metallurgical conversion will be: τ ⁿ _exp = τ _mp + (Nn) · (C ' _i -C _i '').

The minimum value of the lost sales from the delay of the smelts in anticipation of rolling at the second metallurgical conversion will be equal to:

where S is the cost of smelting (rubles), D _n is the standard time of one cycle of working capital (days).

We now consider a series of 6 swimming trunks for the case when C '' _i > C ' _i (see figure 3).

In FIGS. 2 and 3, through D _i 'and D _i ''the total rolling time of a series of melts is indicated, respectively, at the first and second metallurgical stages, and through T _{c the} total time of the rolling campaign at both of these metallurgical stages. All other designations in both figures 2 and 3 coincide.

From the condition of continuity of rolling a series of swimming trunks and taking into account the condition Ц ' _i ≥Ц'' _{i, the} total waiting time for the start of rolling of swimming trunks

The metallurgical redistribution will be minimal if the start of rolling the first heat in a series of melts of the second metallurgical redistribution follows immediately after the end of rolling the first batch at the first metallurgical redistribution and its transportation to the rolling mill.

Denote the start time of the series (campaign) at the first redistribution through t ' _n . Then the start time of the series at the second metallurgical redistribution will be equal to:

t _n '' = t ' _n + τ _mp + Ts _i '.

The waiting time for the start of rolling of any nth melting at the second metallurgical conversion will be: τ ⁿ _exp = τ _mp + (n-1) · (C _i '' -C _i ').

The minimum value of the lost sales from the delay of the bottoms in anticipation of rolling at the second redistribution will be equal to

where S is the cost of smelting (rubles), D _n is the standard cycle time of the turnover of working capital (days).

We now turn to the algorithm for constructing a calendar schedule for several production rolling campaigns.

Suppose that we need to plan m production campaigns (i = 1, 2, ..., m), each of which is characterized by its own rolling cycle time for one heat in the first (Ts _i ') and second (Ts _i '') metallurgical processes and the number of N heats in each production campaign.

The foregoing is illustrated by various forms of timelines for rolling heat for individual production campaigns (figure 4).

So, let the set of production campaigns similar to those shown in Fig. 4, in the quantity m, be placed according to the production time in such a sequence that the gaps between the series of melts in both the first and second metallurgical stages would be minimal and, therefore, the speed of movement working capital during the rolling process would be maximum.

Each i-th production campaign is characterized by:

- the total rolling time at the first metallurgical conversion: D _i '= N _i · Ts _i ';

- the total rolling time at the second metallurgical stage: D _i '' = N _i -Ts _i '';

- the delay time of the start of rolling at the second metallurgical conversion:

and _i = τ _mp + Ts _i ', if Ts _i ''≥Ts'_i;

and _i = τ _mp + N _i · Ts _i '+ (N _i -1) · Ts _i '', if Ts _i ''≥ Ts _i '.

- time free from rolling the swimming trunks of the i-th production campaign at the first metallurgical processing stage while continuing rolling the swimming trunks of the same series at the second metallurgical processing plant:

b _i = τ _mp + Ts _i '', if Ts _i '' ≤ Ts _i ';

b _i = τ _mp + Ts _i '+ N _i · (Ts _i ''- Ts _i '), if Ts _i '' ≥ Ts _i '.

The values for each i-th production campaign of all m production campaigns are shown in the Table.

Consider two randomly selected successive production campaigns i '= j and i' '= j + 1.

We introduce the function R '' _{j, j + 1} , the gap between two successive production campaigns for the series of heats of the second metallurgical redistribution and the function R ' _{j, j + 1 of the} gap for the series of heats of the first metallurgical redistribution:

if b _j > a _{j + 1} , then R '' _{j, j + 1} = 0; R ' _{j, j + 1} = b _j -a _{j + 1} ,

if b _j <a _{j + 1} , then R '' _{j, j + 1} = a _{j + 1} -b _j ; R ' _{j, j + 1} = 0.

We introduce two functionalities that describe the total load of rolling shops with all rolling production campaigns for any arbitrarily chosen order of their succession, including the gaps between production campaigns:

for the second metallurgical redistribution:

D`` = a <sub>1</sub> + D <sub>1</sub> '' + R <sub>1,</sub> 2`` + D ₂ '' + R _{2, 3} '' + ... + D _j '' + R _{j, j + 1} '' +. .. + D _m '' (1)

for the first metallurgical redistribution:

D '= D ₁ ' + R _{1, 2} '+ D ₂ ' + R _{2, 3} '+ ... + D _j ' + R _{j, j + 1} '+ ... + D _m ''(2)

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the subscripts in formulas (1) and (2) represent the sequence number of the production campaigns (j = 1, 2, ..., m), and not the production campaign number.

Therefore, the task of finding the optimal calendar schedule is solved in this way:

- Non-repeating permutations of production campaign numbers are generated, which are assigned indices j = 1, 2, ..., m of succession. For each such sequence of production campaigns using the data in Table 1, the values of R _{j, j + 1} ', R _{j, j + 1} '',D', D '' are calculated;

- a sequence is found for which D '' takes a minimum value. This sequence of production campaigns is optimal.

The sequence of production campaigns for the first and second metallurgical redistributions is displayed on the time lines as shown in the illustrative example (figure 5).

The task of constructing an optimal calendar plan ends here.

It outlines a fundamental approach to building a rental schedule, where stocks of semi-finished products in warehouses are not taken into account at the time of planning, maintenance, the time required for transhipments and settings, as well as repairs. The rules and formulas presented here take into account the fact that melting is accepted as the smallest elementary volume of planning. This is done to implement melting planning and melting tracking.

However, all arguments, rules, and formulas can be easily adapted to the case when it is required to use smaller objects, for example, lots or, conversely, larger ones, for example, assembly lots, carriage norms, etc., as a planning object.

Table Campaign Number (i) and _i b _i D ' _i D '' _i Production Campaign Order (j) 1 a ₁ b ₁ D ' ₁ D '' ₁ 4 2 a ₂ b ₂ D ' ₂ D '' ₂ 3 3 a ₃ b ₃ D ' ₃ D '' ₃ 1 4 a ₄ b ₄ D ' ₄ D '' ₄ 2 5 a ₅ b ₅ D ' ₅ D '' ₅ m ... ... ... ... ... ... m a _m b _m D ' _m D '' _m 5

Claims (12)

1. An automated real-time control system for the movement of enterprise’s working capital in the production and circulation process, containing a system database designed to store information about technological routes of the said production, each of which is a sequence of production operations for processing raw materials and / or previously made semi-finished products, and information on the norms of consumption of resources on each of the mentioned technological routes and the duration of each production the operation of this technological route, which is a specific type of processing of raw materials and / or previously produced semi-finished products in the corresponding section of a specific technological route, the above-mentioned raw materials and / or semi-finished products being mapped to specific working capital carriers, each of which is provided with a corresponding identifier, and each production operation or each sequence of production operations united by a common production process is mapped to a specific Nome transformation event corresponding carriers circulating funds from one form to another, with a corresponding change IDs these carriers circulating means; first data input devices for assigning an appropriate identifier during said manufacturing operations to each form of said working medium carriers and for entering the assigned identifiers into said system database; second data input devices for introducing into the said system database actual costs for each form of said working capital carriers for each said conversion event; third data input devices for measuring and entering into the said system database the actual time duration between each pair of successive mentioned transformation events according to the time elapsed between the assignment of identifiers in the two mentioned successive transformation events; a processor configured to compare the actual durations of production operations and / or production processes entered into the said system database with the aforementioned standards and with the possibility of finding, on the basis of this comparison, at least the magnitude of the reduction in the turnover rate of the enterprise’s working capital due to their delay on a particular technological route. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the processor is additionally programmed to determine the total duration of a particular production process on each of the mentioned technological routes as the sum of the mentioned measured actual durations of all production operations of the corresponding technological route. 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the processor is additionally programmed to determine the aforementioned reduction in the speed of turnover of working capital of the enterprise according to the formula:

where w ₀ - the normative speed of working capital; j is the index of a specific production process; w _j - the speed of movement of working capital in jm production process;

- the standard time of the j-th production process; i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within two identical consecutive mentioned transformation events; S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of the enterprise; D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of working capital turnover at the enterprise. 4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the processor is additionally programmed to determine the amount of lost sales in one cycle of the turnover of working capital of the enterprise due to their delay in the j-th production process according to the formula:

where j is the index of a specific production process;

- standard time j-th production process; i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within two identical consecutive mentioned transformation events; S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of the enterprise; D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of working capital turnover at the enterprise. 5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the processor is additionally programmed to determine the spectrum of the distribution of costs of said working capital carriers according to the actual duration of production operations. 6. The system according to any one of claims 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, characterized in that it further comprises monitors for displaying the results obtained when the processor is mentioned. 7. An automated real-time control system for the movement of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise in the production and circulation process, containing a system database designed to store information about the technological routes of the said metallurgical enterprise, each of which is a sequence of production operations for processing raw materials and / or semi-finished products made earlier and information on the norms of resource consumption on each of the mentioned technological routes and the duration of each production operation of this technological route, which is a specific type of processing of continuous series of metallurgical smelting at each metallurgical conversion of the corresponding technological route, and / or the duration of each sequence of production operations united by a common production process, the aforementioned series of metallurgical smelting being mapped to specific negotiable carriers means, each of which is equipped with an appropriate identifier, and each production operation and / or each production process of any metallurgical redistribution is associated with a specific event of the transformation of the respective working capital carriers from one form to another with a corresponding change in the identifiers of these working capital carriers; first data input devices for assigning an appropriate identifier during said manufacturing operations to each form of said working medium carriers and for entering the assigned identifiers into said system database; second data input devices for introducing into the said system database actual costs for each form of said working capital carriers for each said conversion event; third data input devices for measuring and entering into the said system database the actual time duration between each pair of successive mentioned transformation events according to the time elapsed between the assignment of identifiers in the two mentioned successive transformation events; a processor configured to compare the actual durations of production operations and / or production processes entered into the said system database with the aforementioned standards and with the possibility of finding, on the basis of this comparison, at least a decrease in the turnover rate of the working capital of a metallurgical enterprise due to their delay on a particular technological route. 8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the processor is additionally programmed to determine the total duration of a particular production process on each of the mentioned technological routes as the sum of the mentioned measured actual durations of all production operations of the corresponding technological route. 9. The system of claim 8, characterized in that the processor is additionally programmed to determine the aforementioned reduction in the turnover rate of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise according to the formula:

where w ₀ - the normative speed of working capital; j is the index of a specific production process; w _j - the speed of movement of working capital in the j-th production process;

- the standard time of the j-th production process; i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within two identical consecutive mentioned transformation events; S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise; D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of turnover of working capital at a metallurgical enterprise. 10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that the processor is additionally programmed to determine the amount of lost sales in one cycle of the turnover of working capital of the enterprise due to their delay in the j-th production process according to the formula:

where j is the index of a specific production process;

- the standard time of the j-th production process; i is the index of a group of processes with the same actual duration t _i within two identical consecutive mentioned transformation events; S ₀ - the standard amount of working capital of a metallurgical enterprise; D ₀ - the standard duration of one cycle of turnover of working capital at a metallurgical enterprise. 11. The system of claim 10, characterized in that the processor is additionally programmed to determine the spectrum and / or histogram of the distribution of costs of the said working capital carriers according to the actual duration of production operations. 12. The system according to any one of paragraphs.7, or 8, or 9, or 10, or 11, characterized in that it further comprises monitors for displaying the results obtained when the processor is mentioned.