RU42372U1 - DIGITAL RADIO RELAY STATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The station is designed to operate in the range 150-170 MHz and can be used to organize rural, departmental and technological communications along roads, oil and gas pipelines, as well as organize microwave links with transmission distances of up to 60 km in one span, in cases where there is no need for redundancy, and service communication can be organized through a telephone channel. The station allows you to organize 12 short communication channels in one radio channel, providing digital information transmission at a speed of 64 kbit / s and the operation of telephone channels with the ability to access the public telephone network. The essence of the utility model is that the terminal sealing equipment, namely, the digital input / output information converter, is made in the form of a set of interchangeable modules, each of which is designed to process a certain type and quantity of input signals - analog telephone, office, digital information. Each module is equipped with a unified joint node, which allows connecting to the remaining blocks of channel-forming equipment. The ability of the station to work when replacing one module with another is provided by means of coordinating the operation of blocks of channel-forming equipment, namely, a digital input / output information converter and a group signal shaper. The matching tool recognizes the installed module and changes the program for generating the cycle structure in accordance with the module parameters - the type of input signal, the speed of information transfer, and the number of channels. The proposed solution of the CRRC allows

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The station is designed to operate in the range 150-170 MHz and can be used to organize communications in rural areas (between rural telephone exchanges, district centers, etc.), departmental and technological communications along roads, oil and gas pipelines. The station is designed to organize short communication channels, providing digital information transmission at a speed of 64 kbit / s and the operation of telephone channels with the ability to access the public telephone network.

It is possible to use the station to organize radio-relay communication lines, in cases where there is no need for redundancy, and service communication can be organized through a telephone channel. State of the art

Known radio relay station (RRS) "Baby" (see Appendix 1), manufactured by Popov Plant, Omsk, operating in the meter wavelength range, including 150-170 MHz. Station equipment organizes the work of 4 duplex communication channels, through which information is transmitted and received in analog form. The station allows you to organize radio-relay communication lines with a length of up to 400 km, with a communication range on one interval up to 60 km. The presence of a block of low-frequency terminations allows you to use the station as a radio extension between the PBX and subscribers, and to organize 4, 3 and 2-wire modes of operation of the PM channels.

RRS "Baby" is an analogue station designed primarily for the transmission of telephone messages and does not allow for high-speed transmission of digital information. In addition, the equipment of the radio station is made on an outdated element base, has a large weight and dimensions.

Compared to analogue ones, digital radio systems can significantly increase the transmission speed, noise immunity, reduce the number of distortions introduced at intermediate stations, make more efficient use of the allocated frequency ranges, maximizing their compression, and, in addition, reduce the size and weight of the equipment due to more high saturation of channel and signal-forming equipment with integrated circuits.

Known digital radio relay system "Radan-2" (see the book L. G. Mordukhovich, A. Stepanov, "Radio communication systems. Course design: Textbook for universities", - M: Radio and communications, 1987, p.21-22), which allows you to organize two duplex digital trunks, each of which can transmit 15 telephone channels and 2 telegraph channels. The equipment of the station includes: a transceiver unit and channel-forming equipment.

The station, executed on a modern element base, is small-sized and has all the above-mentioned advantages of digital stations. The station is characterized in that the transceiver unit is located on or near the antenna mast. This technical solution allows you to practically get rid of losses through the RF cable, to reduce the power of the transmitter. However, with the “upper” location, increased requirements are imposed on component parts for frost resistance, protection, etc., which affects their cost and leads to a significant increase in the cost of the station. In addition, the "upper" placement of equipment creates significant difficulties in its maintenance during operation, especially in harsh climates.

As a prototype of the proposed solution, the small-channel digital radio relay station “R-6” (see Appendix 2) was selected, which has a “ground” location and operates in the decimeter wave range. The station provides radio transmission of digital streams from connecting, subscriber telephone lines or flexible multiplexers with a step speed of 64 kbit / s over a distance of 50 km.

The station kit contains a radio unit, including an antenna-feeder device, transceiver equipment, a group signal modulator that performs differential binary phase modulation, a phase detector and a junction node for connecting channel-forming equipment (hereinafter - COA). The radio unit is connected to the COA by a linear code over two twisted pairs. KOA is structurally made in the form of a single unit selected from a number of industrially produced circuit solutions, and performing the functions of converting input information and generating a group signal during transmission, and splitting a group signal and reverse transformation of output information when receiving. In this case, the KOA assumes the presence in its composition of a means of coordinating the operation of the information converter and the group signal shaper, which provides

the formation of the structure of the cycle during transmission, and upon receipt, recognizes control commands and distributes information.

There are several modifications of the station, designed for a certain number of channels and types of information received. For instance:

"R-6/6" - allows you to organize 6 channels of PM, which is provided by connecting channel-forming equipment of the type "PCM-6A";

"R-3/30" - forming 30 channels of PM through KOA, including the circuit "PCM-30" and transcoder ADIKM "MK / 30TR";

"P-6 / E1" - designed to transmit a standard digital stream 2048 kbit / s via the HDB3 interface;

“R-6 / 3E” is a station designed to organize an Internet channel and three PM channels with a KOA connection, made on the basis of “MTs-115TClassic”.

Thus, the station provides the ability to change the number of transmission channels in the radio channel, as well as the ability to connect various subscribers to the station. However, for such a change, it is necessary to completely replace the channel-forming apparatus unit, i.e. to dismantle / install a significant part of the equipment, which requires significant financial and labor costs.

Utility Model Disclosure

The claimed utility model solves the problem of developing a digital radio relay station, designed to operate in the range of 150-170 MHz, included in the range of meter waves, with "ground" placement of transceiver and channel-forming equipment, which would provide the opportunity to increase the number of channels and the ability to connect various subscribers (sources of information), while at the same time simplifying and reducing the cost of installation work related to the mentioned changes.

The problem is solved in that in a digital radio relay station containing a radio module including an antenna-feeder device, transceiver equipment and a group signal modulator, and channel-forming equipment coupled to the radio module, including a digital input / output information converter, a group signal shaper / splitter, and matching means their work, according to the claimed utility model, antenna-feeder device and transceiver

the equipment is made with performance characteristics that ensure operation in the frequency range 150-170 MHz, the digital input / output converter is made in the form of a set of interchangeable modules, each of which is designed for a certain type and number of input signals and is made with the possibility of connection with other blocks of channel-forming equipment wherein the matching means is configured to configure the station.

The frequency range of 150-170 MHz is familiar and widely used by oilmen, gas workers and other organizations in the northern region, however, in which analogue radio relay stations mainly operate. It follows that there is a need to develop a digital RRS that provides high-quality noise-immune communication in a given frequency range, a reliable, easy-to-use and maintainable station. The choice of antenna-feeder device and transceiver equipment is aimed at ensuring the station's operation in this frequency range, including filters, frequency synthesizer generators of the pathogen and local oscillator and others that are part of the transmitter and receiver, with the corresponding performance characteristics. The use of digital channel-forming equipment as a compaction equipment allows to provide high-quality noise-immune communication.

The implementation of the digital input / output information converter in the form of a set of interchangeable modules, each of which is designed to process a certain type and number of input signals, allows connecting various subscribers to the station, for example, telephone subscribers, telephone exchanges, computers, etc. Moreover, the number of subscribers and their connection options may be different.

The station’s developers have provided the possibility of completing the digital converter with various low-frequency termination modules, namely: tone frequency modules, trunk lines, subscriber incoming and outgoing modules, and / or digital channel modules. The number of modules of low-frequency endings and their combination options are selected depending on the task. The ease of replacement is due to the presence in each module of a unified interface node with the remaining blocks of channel-forming equipment, and when replacing it is enough to install the module in the appropriate slot.

The modular design of the input / output information converter, which is just a part of the channel-forming equipment, makes it possible to simplify and significantly reduce the cost of the process of changing the plant configuration in order to connect new subscribers.

In the proposed solution, it is possible to increase the number of channels, it is also necessary to replace the converter module with a similar module, which provides the possibility of dividing the channel data rate, so when the channel speed is halved, the number of channels doubles. A decrease in the transmission speed slightly reduces the quality of the transmitted telephone messages, however, this deterioration is insignificant and is almost imperceptible for the telephone subscriber. At the same time, the number of connected subscribers doubles.

The inventive station provides for operation in three modes:

1. The mode of three codirectional digital channels with a speed of 64 kbit / s;

2. Mode 6 of telephone channel endings and SU B channels with a speed of 32 kbit / s;

3. The mode of 12 subscriber channels at a speed of 16 kbit / s;

In the prototype, it is possible to change the transmission speed by means of buttons located on the front panel of the station building, however, this is the transmission speed of a group signal. Due to the increase in group velocity, the spectrum of frequencies occupied by digital information is expanded, i.e. device bandwidth expansion. In the claimed solution, the channel transmission rate is changed at which the spectrum of permitted occupied frequencies does not increase.

The ability of the station to work when replacing one module with another is provided by means of coordination, which is configured to configure the station. The matching tool recognizes the installed module and changes the program for generating the cycle structure in accordance with the module parameters - the type of input signal, the speed of information transfer, and the number of channels.

In the specific case of station implementation, the converter module for analog signals from telephone subscribers can be made in the form of a digital system with pulse-code modulation and temporary channel multiplexing (PCM-VU).

In order to increase the number of channels, the analog signal converter module can be supplemented by adaptive pulse-code modulation (ADPCM), which is carried out after PCM modulation.

Means of coordination can be made in the form of a digital switching device, organized on the basis of a control processor with software.

In order to increase the reliability of the station, the ability to predict malfunctions, the control processor can be additionally equipped with the ability to monitor and control the operation of the radio module blocks, while the aforementioned blocks include sensors for monitoring their state and organize two-way communication between them and the processor.

The digital information converter module can be made in the form of a digital message processor installed at the output from the RS 232 interface.

Shaper / splitter group signal can be made in the form of a digital modulator-demodulator.

As a modulator of a group signal, it is preferable to use a phase manipulator with four-position relative phase modulation, which can significantly increase the noise immunity of the signal and the efficiency of the use of the frequency spectrum, namely, increase the bandwidth of the radio channel four times with the same bandwidth.

For the convenience of transportation and operation, the station is structurally designed as a monoblock placed in a common housing containing connectors for direct connection of telephone and digital subscribers.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The device is represented by drawings:

Figure 1 - presents a structural diagram of a digital radio relay station, which shows the following notation:

FFR - filter of frequency interchanges;

Prd + UM - transmitter with power amplifier;

M - group signal modulator;

Prm - receiver;

Dm - demodulator;

TsMD - digital modulator-demodulator;

MKU - control and management module;

CPVI - digital converter of input / output information.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of a channel-forming apparatus unit, which shows the connections between the modules and the distribution of input / output signals; the diagram shows the following notation:

MD2TCH - dual-channel tonal frequency module;

MD2AV - incoming subscriber module;

MD2AI - subscriber outgoing module;

MD2SL - service line module;

MDCI - digital information module.

Figure 3 shows an example of a possible implementation of the Converter module, namely the structural diagram of the cell MD2CH for one channel PM.

Utility Model Implementation

The digital radio relay station contains (see Fig. 1) a radio module 1 that provides reception and transmission of information over a distance of 60 km and a block 2 of digital channel-forming equipment.

The radio module 1 contains an antenna-feeder device 3, connected through a filter 4 frequency isolation (PSF) with the transmitting and receiving paths. The transmission path is formed in series by a transmitter 5, including a power amplifier and a frequency synthesizer of the pathogen, and a modulator 6 of the group signal. The receiving path is formed in series by a receiver 7 including a frequency converter and a demodulator 8. The antenna-feeder device is made on the basis of a broadband antenna array with a working frequency range of 150-170 MHz. The frequency decoupling filter, frequency synthesizers of the transmitter exciter and the local oscillator of the receiver are also selected with technical characteristics that allow you to work in the specified frequency range.

Block 2 of the channel-forming equipment contains a digital input / output information converter (CPVI) 9, a digital modulator-demodulator 10 (CMD) of a group signal, and a means for coordinating their work, made in the form of a control and management module 11 (hereinafter referred to as MCU) based on a programmable the processor.

The digital Converter 9 is made in the form of a set of interchangeable modules, each of which is designed for a certain type and number of input signals (see figure 2). Transmitter available 9

the following modules: dual-channel tonal frequency module 12 (MD2TC), incoming subscriber module (MD2AV), 13 outgoing subscriber module (MD2AI), trunk module 15 (MD2SL), and / or digital information module 16 (MDCI), the number of modules each type of destination provides up to 6 pieces per station.

Consider the work of the station as an example, when the input / output information converter 9 contains a dual-channel tonal frequency module 12 (MD2TC) installed at the output of the telephone network line and digital channel module 16 (MDCI) installed at the output from the RS 232 interface. Possible design MD2CH shown in figure 3, and MDCI is based on the processor.

The station when transmitting information is as follows.

The analog signal from the exchange is fed to the input of the dual-channel tonal frequency module 12, here it is encoded, converted to a digital signal and fed to the input of a digital modulator-demodulator 10. Digital information is transmitted from the RS232 interface to the MDCI processor 16, where it is processed and converted to a digital channel and transmitted to the input of the CMD 10, where signal channels and synchronization are also supplied. Digital modulator-demodulator 10 scrambles everything and generates a group spectrum signal, which is a quadrature sequence, which is fed to the input of a group signal modulator 6, which performs four-position relative phase modulation (40FM). The modulated signal is amplified in the transmitter 5 and fed through the PSF 4 to the antenna 3.

The input signal from the antenna 3 passes through a filter 4 of the frequency isolation to the board of the frequency converter of the receiver 7, where it is amplified, filtered and converted into an intermediate frequency (IF), the signal of which is demodulated on the board of the demodulator 8 and fed to the digital modulator-demodulator 10, where from the group Stream allocated telephone and digital channels. The digital channel enters the processor 16, where it is processed and converted into an RS 232 interface for communication with a computer. The telephone channel enters the tone frequency module 12, where it is converted from a digital signal to an analog signal with the necessary levels.

The number of modules of low-frequency endings and variants of their combination are selected depending on the type and amount of information intended for reception and / or transmission (at the request of the customer). To change the configuration of the converter 9, just remove or add the appropriate module. Structurally, the board of any low-frequency termination module 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 is installed in the corresponding socket of the converter 9.

Further operation of the low-frequency termination module in the station diagram is provided by the monitoring and control module 11, the software of which provides for the possibility of configuring the station in various combinations.

The operation of the MCU is shown in figure 2.

The group signal received by the antenna 3 and converted into the radio molecule 1 is fed to the input of the CMD 10, namely, to the input of the group signal demodulator circuit, where it is reconstructed and divided into telephone and digital channels and fed to the input of the MCU 11 and the first inputs of the low-frequency termination modules 12, 13 , 14, 15, 16. The control module 11 extracts control information from the common group stream and generates control signals that are supplied to the second inputs of each of the modules 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. When a control signal is received at the second input of the module, For example the module 13, there is information read from the first input, thus, each module allocates the total group of stream information intended only to him, which is further converted into an output signal.

When transmitting, the converted input information is supplied from the outputs of the modules 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 to the input of the modulation circuit of the CMD 10, here, control signals are also sent from the module 11 of the MCU, by which the structure of the group signal is formed. The formation of the control signals of the MCU is carried out in accordance with the embedded software. The station provides operation in three modes:

1. The mode of three codirectional digital channels with a speed of 64 kbit / s;

2. The operating mode of the 4-wire connecting line ensures the operation of 6 telephone channel terminations and SU B channels with a speed of 32 kbit / s;

3. Telephone radio extender mode - provides operation of 12 subscriber channels at a speed of 16 kbit / s.

The increase in the number of channels by dividing the channel data rate is carried out in the MD2CH module by the signal of the MCU (see figure 3).

The input analog signal of each of the two channels of the tonal frequency through the level switch 17 and the isolation transformer 18 is fed to an individual PCM modulator 19, where an eight-bit digital signal is generated and fed to the input of a digital encoder 20, which converts the eight-bit PCM signal into a four-bit ADPCM method. The output signal of the ADPCM encoder 20 is transmitted to the CMD 10 in one of six channel intervals of the group signal.

In the ADPCM 21 decoder and the PCM 22 individual demodulator, the digital ADPCM signal is inversely converted to the PCM signal, and then to the analog one, which is output through a transformer 23 and a level 24 switch. The control of the inclusion of channel encoders PCM and ADPCM in transmission and reception is carried out according to signals from the MCU 11 received through the converter 25 of the serial code in parallel.

The proposed CRRS is completely built on semiconductor devices and integrated circuits and has high reliability, quality of information transfer and at the same time small-sized, simple and convenient to operate and maintain.

Claims (9)

1. A digital radio relay station containing a radio module, including an antenna-feeder device, transceiver equipment and a group signal modulator, and channel-forming equipment coupled to the radio module, including a digital input / output information converter, a group signal shaper / splitter, and means for coordinating their operation, characterized in that the antenna-feeder device and the transceiver equipment are made with performance characteristics that ensure operation in the frequency range 150-17 0 MHz, the input / output information digital converter is made in the form of a set of interchangeable modules, each of which is designed for a certain type and number of input signals and is configured to connect to the remaining blocks of channel-forming equipment, while the matching means is configured to configure the station. 2. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the analog signal converter module is made in the form of a digital system with pulse-code modulation and temporary channel multiplexing. 3. The station according to claim 2, characterized in that the analog signal converter module is supplemented by means of adaptive pulse-code modulation, carried out after pulse-code modulation. 4. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the digital information converter module is made in the form of a digital message controller coupled to the output from the RS 232 interface. 5. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the matching means is made in the form of a digital switching device, organized on the basis of the control processor. 6. The station according to claim 5, characterized in that the processor of the switching device is equipped with the functions of monitoring and controlling the operation of the blocks of the radio module, while the composition of the said blocks includes sensors for monitoring their status associated with the said processor. 7. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaper / splitter of the group signal is made in the form of a digital modulator-demodulator. 8. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the modulator of the group signal is made in the form of a phase manipulator with four-position relative phase modulation. 9. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a monoblock placed in a common housing containing connectors for directly connecting telephone and digital subscribers.