RU40757U1 - STATIONARY HEAT BATTERIES (STE), APPLIED FOR HEATING ROOMS OF VARIOUS PURPOSE - Google Patents

Description

The STE stationary heat accumulator (hereinafter referred to as STE) is used to heat residential, industrial, public and other premises due to the cheap nightly electricity tariff.

STE is assembled on site from individual certified, if necessary, elements.

Classification of STE.

STE are divided according to the nature of the use of parts and the interior of the premises.

The first type - primarily used elements of walls, openings in partitions (not bearing). It is designated - type "STA" (wall).

The second type uses available or designed stoves and fireplaces as a heater. It is designated - type "PTA" (stove).

STA and PTA are manufactured in several models, depending on the heating elements used:

- Model 1 - based on tubular heating elements

- Model 2 - on the basis of the VTE heat storage insert made using tubular electric heaters (TENs), a nichrome spiral or wire, schungite or composite materials, flexible heating elements of the ENG type.

- Model 3 - based on heating elements of the ENG type and similar types and types with insulation on and without heating wires.

- Model 4 - based on other types of electric heaters

(conductive shungite, inductive method, composite materials, etc.).

According to the method of heat transfer, "STA" and "PTA" are divided into the following types:

1. Natural heat transfer - type “E”

2. Forced heat loss - type “P”

Depending on the design and design decisions, models and types of STEs can be presented in various versions.

Basic principles of the STE device.

The elements used for the construction and installation of STE must comply with the requirements of the premises and the conditions for their use, including, if necessary, explosion and fire safety. STA and PTA are easy to maintain and reliable.

The STE stationary heat accumulator of the STA type is installed, as a rule, adjacent to an existing wall or partition of one of its surfaces. The distance from STA to a wall or partition is determined by SNIPs. "STA" may fully or partially enter the opening of an existing, as a rule, non-bearing wall or partition.

Stationary heat accumulator type "PTA", as a rule, is installed separately.

If necessary, a foundation of the necessary stability and strength is made for the installation of STE. This can be a concrete or reinforced concrete foundation, based on floors that can withstand additional load; beams from various non-combustible materials, etc.

The external housing of the STE can be strengthened, if necessary, with lightweight metal profiles, but, as a rule, it is necessary to use materials that are strong enough for the external housing, but which are both heat and electrical insulation. Such materials include ceramics in various forms, super gypsum boards, basalt products, etc.

The heat storage element (working fluid) should be, as a rule, natural material. The material used to create the working fluid should be mainly talcochlorite, ceramics or substances created on their basis. The temperature of the working fluid should be maintained automatically within the parameters defined by the project.

Heat from STE type “E” is transferred to the room by natural convection or directly from STE type “P” due to a system of ventilation ducts to neighboring rooms. The regulation of heat supply to other rooms occurs by turning on (turning off) or changing the fan speed, as well as by the gate, manually or automatically.

As thermal insulation in STE, at a high temperature of the working fluid, it is necessary to use the appropriate types of materials. It is recommended to use ceramic bricks of various types and styles, including those made specifically for STE; basalt mats, as well as products (insulating blocks “BIT”) based on expanded clay (schungizite), vermiculite and other natural heat-insulating materials. It is desirable that the insulation perform, including the function of creating additional structural strength STE. Heat-insulating materials should, if necessary, have certification documents, and their use must comply with current GOSTs and SNIPs.

STE electric power can be up to 100 kW and higher, depending on the need. To heat large areas, it is recommended to use several STEs.

In stationary heat accumulators of the PTE type, additional heating can be applied due to other types of energy (fuel).

STE electrical insulation should be provided through the use of electrically conductive, commuting, and other elements corresponding to the working conditions of materials and equipment. When performing design and

electrical work, it is necessary to take into account the areas and conditions of application of STE. After completion of the electrical installation work and final assembly of the STE, it is necessary to conduct electrical safety tests in accordance with applicable standards and regulations. All electric heaters and STEs used for construction should be applied in accordance with GOSTs and the instructions of their manufacturers.

STE must be designed and built by organizations that have the appropriate licenses.

The project for the creation of STE must pass approval in the fire and energy inspection inspections. Upon completion of the construction of the STE, it should, if necessary, be presented to the relevant state supervisory authorities.

Draft designs of the elements most commonly used in STE- “VTE” projects (heat storage insert); “BIT” (insulating block) as well as examples of STE in the form of preliminary designs of stationary heat accumulators of the “STA” and “PTA” types of different models and the electrical diagrams of the STE are presented in the appendix.

The list of applications:

1. Heat storage insert (VTE).

2. The block is heat-insulating (BIT).

3. The project of the STE stationary heat accumulator of the STA type (wall), model 2, type “P”, using a heat storage insert.

4. The project of the STE stationary heat accumulator of the STA type (wall), model 1, type “P”, using heating elements as a heating element.

5. Design of a stationary heat accumulator STE type PTA (furnace), model 1, type “E”, using heating elements as a heating element.

6. Design of a stationary heat accumulator STE type PTA (furnace), model 2, type “E”, using a heat storage insert.

7. Design of a stationary heat accumulator STE type PTA (furnace), model 2, type “E”, using a heat storage insert and additional heating with solid fuel.

8. A single-line electrical circuit for connecting a stationary heat accumulator (STE).

9. Schematic diagram of a stationary heat accumulator (STE) at 380 V.

10. Schematic diagram of a stationary heat accumulator (STE) at 220 V.

Appendix No. 1

Heat storage insert (VTE).

The dimensions of VTE are generally proportional to the dimensions of building bricks and are finally determined in design or engineering decisions.

The electric power of VTE should be from 0.2 kW and above.

VTE is installed in body batteries of various types and types according to design or engineering decisions. The project for the use of VTE in a stationary heat accumulator is coordinated in the regional department of energy supervision and fire inspection.

The working fluid is made of talcochlorite or ceramics (clay) by casting, pressing, molding, etc. with and without an additional binder. On the VTE surface, insulation can withstand VTE operating temperature. VTE is simultaneously a working fluid for STE.

A preliminary design of a heat storage (VTE) insert made with nichrome electric heaters.

The distance between the input terminals of the 220 V power supply is at least 20 mm. The input terminals should not be located closer than 15 mm to the edge of the working body of the insert, recessed into the body of the insert and securely fixed in it.

A metal frame acts as a mounting fixture. Ground filler (talchochlorite, etc.) is poured into the frame (Fig. 1).

TEN is poured into a solution (concrete). Liquid glass or magnesian cement is used as a binder (Fig. 2).

The heater is built into the grooves (holes) of the existing concrete block. To mount the heater, a metal mounting plate is used, attached to the block. It is possible to mount the heater in the sinuses (holes) by filling the free holes with talcum chloride powder or a solution made on its basis (Fig. 3).

TEN is used in prefabricated structures made of talc-chlorite or ceramic plates and blocks. Individual parts of the heater are in full (partial) contact or pass through the holes of the blocks (or plates).

All VTE models are supposed to be implemented using additional insulation, which ensures the temperature regime on its external surface not higher than the set temperature and temperature regulators of the working fluid.

The use of heating elements as heating elements of VTE should be in accordance with the instructions or individual permits of manufacturers of heating elements, and also, if necessary, on the basis of projects agreed in the relevant authorities.

Appendix No. 2

Thermal insulation block (BIT).

The heat-insulating block (hereinafter BIT) is made of heat-insulating materials used up to a temperature of 600 ° C and above (expanded clay, vermiculite, shungizit, etc.).

The heat-insulating unit BIT is used to accumulate (store) heat in heaters (heat accumulators or heat accumulators) that accumulate heat using electricity or in another way.

BIT can be made integral or consist of several components.

Depending on the design, power, location of the heat accumulators (heat accumulators), the BIT may vary.

The working fluid in the BIT can be inserted when installing a stationary heat accumulator or mounted in the BIT during manufacture. As a working fluid for BIT, there will mainly be a heat storage insert (VTE).

The preliminary design shows one of the options for the block of thermal insulation (BIT).

Claims (3)

1. A stationary heat accumulator used for heating rooms for various purposes, containing a working fluid with a built-in electric heating element (heat storage insert) and air channels for the flow of the heated air flow under the action of a fan between the working fluid and insulation, characterized in that they are not placed in rooms in the opening the bearing wall, in the partition, while the working fluid is made of solid material that accumulates heat and electricity due to electric heating at a cheap night rate fairy electricity. 2. The stationary heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working fluid is made of talchochlorite or ceramic (clay). 3. The stationary heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is placed in a stove or fireplace as a heater.