RU37654U1 - MULTI-ELECTRODE HYDRAULIC INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A multi-electrode electro-hydraulic installation containing a chamber, capacitors, arresters and working electrodes, characterized in that the chamber is elongated or oblong, the electrodes are arranged in one or more lines along the chamber, capacitors with arresters are installed along one of the sides of the chamber. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the working electrodes installed in two or more lines are staggered. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a protective partition is installed between the electrodes and the arresters. 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the protective partition is made of transparent or metal mesh.

Description

MULTI-ELECTRODE HYDRAULIC INSTALLATION

The proposal relates to equipment for processing various materials with factors accompanying a powerful electric discharge in a liquid (electro-hydraulic effect). It can be used, for example, in electro-hydraulic (EG) plants for crushing minerals, for processing materials from technical fibers, for disinfecting water and cleaning castings.

Known electro-hydraulic installation for cleaning casting, containing a high-voltage power supply, a capacitor and a spark gap installed in a common casing, a water-filled chamber with a workpiece, as well as a working electrode mounted to move above the workpiece and connected to the spark gap by a long flexible wire 1. Disadvantage A well-known installation is that with this arrangement, the length and, therefore, the inductance of the discharge circuit of the capacitor - arrester - connecting wire - Static preparation electrode - water discharge gap - grounded return line to the condenser bolschoy is so that the discharge is oscillatory, i.e. discharge time for the capacitor voltage repeatedly changes sign. Operation in this mode reduces the life of an expensive high-voltage pulse capacitor by a factor of hundreds, and, accordingly, increases the cost of the process. Another disadvantage of the known installation is its low productivity, due to the fact that the energy of a single discharge and the pulse repetition rate are limited by the resistance of the working electrode and heating of the capacitor.

An electro-hydraulic installation is also known, comprising an elongated chamber with water, across which working electrodes are mounted in a row, electrically connected together and connected by a long flexible conductor to a high-voltage pulse generator containing capacitors and dischargers 2, A disadvantage of the known installation also lies in the high cost of the technological process due to short service life of capacitors operating due to the large length of the conductor in the oscillatory mode of discharge. The performance of such an installation is small due to the fact that the repetition rate of the discharge pulses is limited by the heating of the capacitors, which, regardless of their number, work with each discharge.

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The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a multi-electrode EG installation containing capacitors, dischargers and working electrodes mounted around the circumference of a cylindrical chamber in its upper part, and the electrodes are connected by short conductors to the dischargers, as well as a high-voltage protective casing covering the working electrodes , capacitors and dischargers 3. Due to the small length of the discharge circuit, the capacitors of such an installation operate in aperiodic discharge mode, which is a lot Conversely increases their durability. The performance of such an installation increases with the number of working electrodes. But at the same time, the dimensions of the installation in plan are also growing rapidly. Already with ten electrodes they exceed the permissible dimensions for transportation by road or rail.

Another disadvantage of the known installation is its increased electrical hazard. Working electrodes that need frequent replacement are within the common high-voltage protective casing with capacitors and arresters. Therefore, personnel when replacing electrodes is located in the area of live parts. A mandatory element of high-voltage installations, containing capacitors, are automatic short-circuit capacitors, which work when the unit is turned off. Usually they are mechanical devices with an electromagnetic drive. The operation of the EG installations is accompanied by strong vibration, and if under its influence at least one of such short-circuits fails, the corresponding capacitor can remain charged and the electrical hazard for personnel performing electrode replacement will increase.

The aim of this proposal is to reduce the transverse dimensions of the installation to dimensions that meet the limitations of the transport dimensions, as well as simplify and increase the safety of maintenance of the installation.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the well-known multi-electrode EG installation containing a chamber, capacitors, arresters and working electrodes, the chamber is oblong, the electrodes are arranged in one or more lines along the long side of the chamber, and capacitors with arresters are installed along the long side of the chamber.

In addition, working electrodes installed in two or more lines are staggered.

In addition, a protective partition is installed between the electrodes and the arresters.

In addition, the protective partition is made of transparent material or metal mesh.

By making the EG chamber of the installation elongated or elongated and arranging the working electrodes in one or several lines and installing capacitors with arresters along the long side of the chamber, compared to the prototype, the transverse dimension of the installation can be reduced so that it fits into the installed transport dimensions. It also allows you to create a working area separated by a partition from capacitors and arresters for safe maintenance of the electrodes.

The installation of electrodes in two or more lines allows to reduce the longitudinal dimension of the installation, and their arrangement in a wacky manner increases the efficiency of the process and simplifies the layout of the discharge circuits.

Installing capacitors with arresters along one side of the chamber, providing access to the electrodes on the other side, facilitates installation maintenance.

The installation of a protective partition between the working electrodes and arresters and the implementation of its transparent increases the safety of the installation.

The implementation of a protective partition from a metal mesh provides the greatest safety for the operation of the installation, while allowing visual control of the state of high-voltage elements.

The essence of the proposal is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows the proposed installation with the movement of the material being processed along the line of electrodes in the context of a plane perpendicular to the 11th electrode; By way of example, electrodes are shown mounted in a single line.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of the proposed installation with the movement of the processed material along the line of electrodes.

In FIG. 3 shows the proposed installation with the movement of the processed material across the line of electrodes in the context of a plane perpendicular to the line of electrodes. As an example, the electrodes are shown mounted in two lines in a schachal order.

In FIG. 4 shows a top view of the proposed installation with the movement of the processed material across the line of electrodes

water or water with additives can be used as a working fluid, and a treatment object, for example, a disinfected liquid, can be used. At the top of the chamber / working electrodes are installed 5. The electrodes 3 can be installed in one or more rows. If the electrodes are installed in several rows, for example in two rows, as in FIG. 3 and 4, they are staggered. This facilitates the placement of other installation elements and the laying of power wires 4 to the electrodes.

The flowchart determines the execution of chamber 1. If the material to be processed is supposed to be moved from electrode to electrode, that is, along the line of electrodes, then chamber / has the form of a rectangular pipe open from the ends, as in FIG. 1 and 2, or another section. If the material to be processed is not supposed to be moved along the line of electrodes, but removed as it is ready, then the camera / is executed in the form of a box with an open long side, which is adjacent to the loading hopper 5 (Figs. 3 and 4). Regardless of the direction of movement of the material, the electrodes 3 can be arranged in one or more lines along the long side of the chamber /. The bottom of the chamber may be smooth, as in FIG. 1, trellised, as in FIG. 3, or it can be profiled in a certain way in order to facilitate the advancement of the processed material along the line of electrodes, or its mixing under the influence of EG pulses.

Condensers b and arresters 7 are located along the chamber, on one side of it, in one (Fig. 2) or several (Fig. 4) lines. The capacitors b are connected to the arresters 7 by short wires or 8 wheat, and the arresters with working electrodes 5 are wires 4. The fasteners of the arresters and power wires connecting the capacitors to the charger are not shown in the drawings.

Each capacitor b has a short circuit made as, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 and 3 in the form of a grounded rocker 9, driven by an electromagnet 10. When the power of the electromagnet 10 is turned off, the rocker 9 is in contact with the high voltage terminal // of the capacitor b. In FIG. 3 and 4, the short circuit of the second row of capacitors b are conventionally not shown.

All elements of the installation, which are under high voltage during its operation, are protected from contact. To do this, either the entire installation is located in a separate room J2 (Fig. 1 and 2), or these elements are closed with a protective cover J3 (Fig. 3 and 4). To access the electrodes of the installation is the door 14, equipped with a limit switch (block contact) / 5.

installed in the partition 76. The partition 16 may be made of a transparent material, for example, plexiglass, or of a metal grounded mesh. The density and thickness of the wire mesh should, on the one hand, exclude the possibility of touching the parts of spark gaps and capacitors, and on the other hand, make it possible to see the state of the high-voltage elements of the installation.

For the passage of personnel during maintenance of the electrodes, either a free section of the floor of the room 12 (Fig. 1) or a part of the upper chamber 1 (Fig. 3) serves.

The proposed device operates as follows.

The material to be processed is loaded into the chamber / through an opening in one of its ends (Fig. 1), or through the loading hopper 5 and enters the region of discharge gaps between the lower ends of the electrodes 3 and the bottom of the chamber /. The chamber is filled with working fluid 2.

Before turning on the installation, the door 14 is closed by moving the limit switch 75 to the closed position, so that it is possible to supply power to the installation control device. When the unit is turned on, voltage is applied to the windings of the electromagnets 10. Electromagnets retract their cores, lifting the right (according to the drawings of Figs. 1 and 3) end of the rocker arm 9, and thereby disconnecting the high-voltage inputs of the capacitors b from the ground. The capacitors b are charged each from its source to the breakdown voltage of the arresters 7. After the breakdown of the spark gap, the capacitor voltage is applied to the gap between the lower end of the electrode 3 and the bottom of the chamber 7. The resulting spark discharge creates a shock wave and other factors associated with the EG effect and used to process the material .

In the setup shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the processed material moves along the chamber 7, being subjected to successive processing by EG factors of the effect from each of the electrodes. Along with this, mixing of the material occurs. The movement of material can occur under the influence of the flow of the working fluid, or using mechanical devices, as well as under the influence of a shock wave from discharges. This version of the installation is used for the treatment of wastewater for the purpose of disinfection, or fibrous materials to give them softness.

In the installation depicted in Fct. 3 and 4, the processed material, usually ore or stones, moves across the line of electrodes and is affected by EG factors from one or two electrodes. The material, crushed or crushed to the size of the cell of the lattice of the bottom of the chamber, falls through it and is removed from the chamber by a conveyor, or is poured into the drive. The location of the electrodes 3 and the hopper 5 along the chamber 7 allows you to download material immediately along the entire length of the chamber.

in this case, the material passes by the electrodes 3 in the shortest way, which reduces the risk of breakage.

Working electrodes 3 are the least durable element of EG installations. The duration of their continuous operation does not exceed several hours. Therefore, one or two times per shift it is required to turn off the installation and replace worn electrodes with repaired ones in advance. At the same time, personnel servicing the installation should often work on live parts of the installation.

When the device is operating, personnel are located outside room 72 or casing 13. When the unit is turned off by the operator, or when the door 14 is opened, when the directional switch 15 is activated, turning the unit off, the voltage from the electromagnets 10 is removed. The rocker arms 9 are lowered onto the high voltage leads // of the capacitors 6, discharging them. After that, personnel can enter the room under the casing, apply ground rods to the terminals of the working electrodes 3 and begin to replace them.

If, due to vibration, dust, or other reasons, the rocker arm P does not drop to terminal 13 of the capacitor b, then the latter will remain charged. The degree of charge of the capacitor does not matter, since even an almost discharged capacitor remains very dangerous. Due to the statistical nature of air breakdown, a spark gap can break through even at a voltage much lower than the working one, it can also leak through the housing and it cannot be ruled out that at the moment of disconnecting wire 4 from the electrode 5, a dangerous voltage will appear on it. Therefore, the introduction of an additional partition to the installation reduces the likelihood of touching the circuits connected to the charged capacitor, and the implementation of a transparent partition allows you to visually verify before starting work that all short circuits have worked and that there are no breakages in the high-voltage part of the installation that threaten the safety of the work.

The compact and safe installation device described above is possible due to the location of the electrodes in line and the placement of the electrode service area and the zone of hazardous high-voltage elements - capacitors and dischargers, on opposite sides of the chamber.

Sources of information:

1. Equipment and technological processes using the electro-hydraulic effect. Ed. G.A. Gulogo.- M., "Engineering, 1977, p. 63.

2.L.A. Gelfond, N.T. Zinoviev, V.D. Kazantsev et al. - Electrical impulse installation ESU-2T / 11 for destruction of substandard reinforced concrete. Electronic Material Processing, 1990, # 6, pp. 74-75.

3.Yu.V. Grigoriev, Electro-hydraulic crusher. - “Construction and road mashshshy, No. 1 1988, p. 23-26.

Claims (4)

1. A multi-electrode electro-hydraulic installation containing a chamber, capacitors, dischargers and working electrodes, characterized in that the chamber is elongated or oblong, the electrodes are arranged in one or more lines along the chamber, capacitors with dischargers are installed along one of the sides of the chamber. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the working electrodes installed in two or more lines are staggered. 3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a protective partition is installed between the electrodes and the arresters. 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the protective partition is made transparent or from a metal mesh.