RU3445U1 - DEVICE FOR REFINING LIGHT-MELTING SUBSTANCES - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for refining fusible materials, comprising a sealed chamber with a refining unit made of inert material and made in the form of a filter chamber with a perforated bottom mounted above the material receiver, and a heating system, characterized in that the heating system is located on the outside of the sealed chamber made of inert material, and made in the form of resistive or induction heaters: uniform, placed in the area of the filter chamber, and gradient, placed in the area of the material receiver, in the refining unit between the filter chamber and the material receiver, a transitional perforated ring is installed, the height of which is 10 - 20% of the height of the latter, and quartz, or boron carbonitride, or glassy carbon is used as an inert material.

Description

J

IPC from 22 to 9/00

Refining device

The utility model relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular, to devices for cleaning low-melting substances (with a melting point up to 1100 C, for example, sulfur, tellurium, antimony, lead, gold, lead telluride, etc.) by melt filtration followed by directed crystallization.

Known modern devices for refining metals contain the following common structural elements:

- heating system;

- melting chamber with a filter;

-metal receiver.

see, for example, A.S. USSR N1295762, IPC С 22 В 9/00, application. 09/12/84, not public .; A.S. USSR N1486530, IPC S 22 B 9/10, application. 07/25/86, publ. 06/15/89.

These devices do not provide a high degree of purity of refined metals (more than 99.99%) and the quality of the ingot obtained.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed utility model is a device for refining semiconductor materials and their compounds, containing a sealed chamber with a refining unit made of an inert material and filled in the form of a filter chamber with a perforated bottom mounted above the material receiver, and fusible substances .

heating system. The refining unit is placed in a container, which in turn is installed in a sealed chamber with a heating system located in it, and glassy carbon is used as an inert material.

see p. USSR N 1836463, IPC C 22 V 9/00, application. 04/09/92, publ. 08/23/93.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- limited degree of purification (not more than 99.9999%);

- low quality of the obtained ingot due to the presence of shrinkage shells, cracks and oxide films containing dissolved gaseous impurities.

The objective of this utility model is to increase the degree of purification of fusible substances while improving the quality of the ingot.

The problem is achieved in that in the known device for refining low-melting substances, containing a sealed chamber with a refining unit made of inert material and made in the form of a filter chamber with a perforated bottom mounted above the material receiver, and a heating system, ACCORDING TO THE USEFUL MODEL, from the outside a sealed chamber made of inert material, there is a heating system made in the form of resistive or induction heaters: uniform, placed the area of the filter chamber, and the gradient, located in materialopriemnika; in the refining unit between the filter chamber and the material receiver, a transitional perforated ring is installed, the height of which is 10-20% of the height of the latter, and quartz, or boron carbonitride, or glassy carbon are used as an inert material.

Analysis of the known technical solutions allows us to conclude that the claimed utility model is not known from the level of the technology being studied and, therefore, meets the criterion of novelty.

The possibility of using the inventive device for refining fusible substances in the domestic metallurgical industry allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of industrial applicability.

In FIG. schematically depicts the inventive device for refining fusible substances.

Designations on a figure:

1- sealed chamber

2- filter chamber

3- perforated bottom

4- material receiver

5-transition perforated ring.

6- uniform resistive or induction heater

7 gradient resistive or induction heater

8- pipe for inert gas inlet (or outlet)

The proposed device for refining fusible substances works as follows.

In the filter chamber 2, which is a crucible of inert material (quartz or boron carbonitride) with a volume of 1 dm3 with a diameter of a perforated bottom of 4 70 mm, 0.8 dm3 of powder or granules of a purified fusible substance (for example, tellurium with a purity of 99.5 wt.%, or selenium with a purity of 99.5 wt.%, or gold with a purity of 99.9 wt.%).

55 // 35U

Above the material receiver 4, which is a crucible of inert material (quartz or boron carbonitride) with a volume of 1 dm3 and a bottom diameter of 70 mm, a transitional perforated ring 5 made of an inert material (quartz, boron carbonitride or glassy carbon) was placed. The height of the perforated ring 5 was 10-20% of the height of the material receiver.

A filter chamber 2 was installed on top of the transitional perforated ring 5 and the entire refining unit (items 2, 3, 4, 5) was placed in a sealed chamber 1 made of an inert material (quartz, boron carbonitride or glassy carbon).

From the sealed chamber 1, air was pumped out through pipe 8 to a pressure of O, 10 Pa and, in the case of refining of volatile substances (selenium, tellurium), it was filled with purified inert gas (argon or helium).

The material receiver 4 was preliminarily heated using a resistive or induction gradient heater 7 located on the outer side of the sealed chamber 1 in the region of the material receiver 4 for additional surface cleaning and degassing of the volume of the material receiver.

Then, the substance to be purified was melted using a resistive or induction uniform heater 6 located on the outside of the sealed chamber 1 in the region of the filter chamber 2.

In the filter chamber 2, a process of intensive melting and refining took place, in which impurities and gases contained in the material floated to the surface of the melt.

The molten material passing through the perforated E) bottom 3 was refined and intensively dug into the material receiver 4,

at the same time, in the zone of the transitional perforated ring 5, additional penetration and removal of polluting gaseous impurities from the droplets of the material to be cleaned took place.

When the critical height of the melt in the filtration chamber 2 (2-15 mm, depending on the magnitude of the surface tension and density of the melt) was reached, the filtration process practically stopped. After that, the uniform heater 6 was turned off.

Continuing to work gradient heater 7 was transferred to slow cooling until the complete crystallization of the ingot. After completion of the crystallization process and cooling of the entire system, the inert gas and the gaseous impurities contained in it were pumped out through pipe 8. The system was dismantled, the ingot was removed and analyzed in a known manner. The purified material (tellurium, selenium or gold) had a purity of 99.99994%.

Due to a specially created temperature gradient (50 C per 5 cm of the height of the material receiver), the ingot solidified from bottom to top, which made it possible to obtain it without voids, cracks, or shrinkage shells of a monolithic homogeneous structure.

The use of the claimed device provides, in comparison with the known device, taken as a prototype (p. USSR N1836463), the following technical advantages:

-improving the quality of refining (up to 99.99994%);

-improving the quality of the ingot;

-improvement of the atmosphere inside the sealed chamber while maintaining the operability of the heaters due to the lack of contact between the heaters and their elements (current leads, gaskets, fasteners, etc.) with fusible substances and gaseous impurities during the refining process.

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Public benefits of the claimed device are:

-simplicity, ease of installation and dismantling of the system;

-the possibility of using standard elements of equipment manufactured by domestic industry;

-ensuring the environmental cleanliness of the refining process, its reproducibility and stability;

- the possibility of reusable inert practically non-consumable structural materials.

Claims (1)

A device for refining fusible materials, comprising a sealed chamber with a refining unit made of inert material and made in the form of a filter chamber with a perforated bottom mounted above the material receiver, and a heating system, characterized in that the heating system is located on the outside of the sealed chamber made of inert material, and made in the form of resistive or induction heaters: uniform, placed in the area of the filter chamber, and gradient, placed in the area of the material receiver, in the refining unit between the filter chamber and the material receiver, a transitional perforated ring is installed, the height of which is 10 - 20% of the height of the latter, and quartz, or boron carbonitride, or glassy carbon is used as an inert material.