RU33879U1 - Dust collector - Google Patents

Description

AOG 150694

IPC7: VOYU 45/06

Dust collector

The invention relates to devices for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapors using gravitational inertial or centrifugal forces by changing the direction of flow, in particular to devices for cleaning gas flows from dispersed particles and dust.

Known devices for cleaning gases from dust. Common designs in which cleaning occurs through the use of inertial forces. The attractiveness of such devices lies in the fact that they are structurally simple, but the efficiency of dust cleaning in these devices is not always sufficient.

Most often, dust collectors using inertial forces are carried out using a cyclone. As an example, we can cite inventions according to RF patents No. 2137528, 2116842, 2006291, UK application No. 2284165. In cyclone dust collectors, dispersed particles fly under the influence of inertia and encounter obstacles, for example, cyclone walls, lose energy and gather under the influence of gravity in dust collectors. Such dust collectors are good at catching large dispersed particles, but fine dust, which has a small mass, is usually carried away by the outgoing gas stream.

The closest is the decision on the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2174452 "Dust collector, publ. 10.10.01, IPC B04C5 / 103. This dust collector contains a cylindrical body, in the upper part of which a slit nozzle for introducing contaminated gas is tangentially mounted, and ledges are made along the generators of the inner surface of the body, in the direction of introducing the contaminated gas flow. A shell is coaxially mounted in the lower part of the body.

separating the space at the walls of the housing from the Central part. The space inside the shell is communicated with the cavity of the vertical cylindrical chamber located above the shell, and then through the outlet pipe it is communicated with a device for removing purified gas, and a dust collection bin is attached to the lower part of the housing.

This dust collector works quite effectively if its design parameters are configured for a certain flow rate, a certain dust content in the air. If the parameters of the input medium and the consumption of dusty air change during operation, this device will not work as efficiently as air purifiers, especially from fine dust.

The present invention solves the technical problem of cleaning the gas stream from coarse and fine dust, when changing the parameters of the air flow and changing the dust content of the stream.

The dust collector comprises a cylindrical body, in the upper part of which a slit nozzle for introducing contaminated gas is tangentially mounted, and ledges are made along the generators of the inner surface of the body, in the direction of introducing the contaminated gas flow. A shell is installed coaxially in the lower part of the housing, separating the space at the walls of the housing from the central part, the space inside the shell through a vertical cylindrical chamber is in communication with the outlet pipe connected to the device for removing purified gas. A dust bin is attached to the bottom of the housing. Additionally, at the inlet edge of the cylindrical chamber, a resistance control device for air entering the cylindrical chamber is installed.

The contaminated gas enters the housing through a slotted nozzle directed tangentially tangentially to the inner wall of the housing. On the path of a flat vertical gas flow ledges are made. A zone of reduced pressure arises behind each step, due to which the main flat

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the vertical flow, according to the Coanda effect, deviates to the wall of the body, as if sticks to it. Behind each step, in the zone of low pressure, a vortex circulation flow arises. Thanks to this design, the flow of dusty gas is always located near the inner wall of the housing, making a spiral motion, dropping down the housing.

During the movement of the polluted gas stream, coarse and medium-sized dust particles rub against the walls of the body, lose mechanical energy and settle down, gathering in the dust collection bin.

Fine dust particles are carried away in the circulation movement in the discharge zones behind the ledges, and gradually also descend along the generatrix of the housing behind the ledges and fall into the hopper.

Thus, in a dust collector, two processes are used for dust cleaning, one as in cyclones, the loss of energy of motion due to friction against walls for coarse and medium-sized particles, and the other for fine dust - deposition in circulation zones behind ledges.

The shell divides the space inside the housing into the central part and the space near the walls of the housing. Dust settles near the walls of the casing, and a suction of purified gas is organized from the central part. The space inside the shell through a vertical cylindrical chamber, in communication with the outlet pipe outlet pipe connected to a device for removing purified gas. The gas outlet stream is arranged by means of a gas exhaust device.

In order for the air purification process to take place efficiently, especially for small dust fractions, a resistance control device for air entering the cylindrical chamber is installed at the inlet edge of the cylindrical chamber.

vacuum in the dust collector. Such adjustment is necessary when the dust collector consists of one step, or of several similar steps set in series.

During the operation of the dust collector, it is important that the pressure of the device for removing purified gas is equal to the resistance of the system. This parameter is adjustable in the dust collector using a resistance control device for air entering the cylindrical chamber. In this case, the necessary speed of creating a vacuum in the dust collector can be obtained, at which the air flow will be in the circulation movement for the longest time, while fine dust has time to settle in the hopper.

The resistance control device for the air entering the cylindrical chamber helps to adjust the dust collector in cases when the air flow and its dust content are changing. And in this case, the dust stream will rotate for a longer time, which allows you to coordinate the design parameters of the dust collector with variable parameters of the inlet air.

The resistance control device may be in the form of a disk valve, ball valve or cone valve.

In the particular case, the cylindrical chamber can be made in the form of a pipe, the continuation of which is the outlet pipe.

The resistance control device may be provided with a rod for moving the device relative to the edge of the cylindrical chamber, while the rod is connected to the rod moving mechanism. Such a mechanism will allow not only to reconfigure the dust collector to various operating modes of the installation, but also to regulate the input resistance during operation of the installation.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the overall design of the dust collector in section;

in FIG. 2 section along AA in the diametrical plane;

in FIG. 3 resistance control device in the form of a disk valve;

in FIG. 4 resistance control device in the form of a ball valve;

in FIG. 5 shows a general view of the dust collector.

The dust collector contains a cylindrical housing 1 (Fig. 1). A slotted nozzle 2 for introducing contaminated gas is tangentially mounted in the upper part of the housing 1. On the generators of the inner surface of the housing 1, in the direction of the input stream of contaminated gas, ledges 3 are made (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). In the lower part of the housing 1, a shell 4 is coaxially mounted, separating the space at the walls of the housing 1 from the central part. The space inside the shell 4 through the vertical cylindrical chamber 5 is communicated with the outlet pipe 6 for the removal of purified gas. The outlet pipe 6 is connected to a device for removing purified gas 14 (Fig. 5). To the lower part of the housing 1 is attached a hopper 7 for collecting dust (Fig. 1, Fig. 4). At the inlet edge 8 of the vertical cylindrical chamber 5, a control device 9 for air entering the cylindrical chamber 5 is installed (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).

In particular cases of execution, the control device 9 is made in the form of a cone valve 12 (Fig. 1), a disk valve 10 (Fig. 3), a ball valve 11 (Fig. 4).

The position of the control device 9 relative to the input edge 8 of the vertical cylindrical chamber 5 is controlled using the rod 13, which can be moved up and down using a mechanism for moving the rod (not shown). The dust collector operates as follows.

The gas stream with dust enters the housing 1 through the slotted nozzle 2. The slotted nozzle 2 forms a vertical flat stream that propagates along the wall of the housing 1. When meeting the ledges 3, the gas flow deviates to the wall of the housing 1, and behind the ledge 3 there is a low pressure zone in which in turn, a circulation flow occurs. Large and medium dust particles rub against the walls of the housing 1, lose energy and fall down the wall into the hopper 9 to collect dust. Small particles circulate in the area behind the ledge 3 and gradually lower also into the hopper 9.

The gas flow in a spiral gradually moves down the housing 1. From the zone inside the shell, it is sucked up, entering first into the cavity 6 of the vertical cylindrical chamber 5, and then into the outlet pipe 7 under the action of the device 8 for removing the purified gas. The device 8 may be a fan, or an ejector. Adjusting the input resistance for air entering the cylindrical chamber 5 and then to the output pipe 6 is carried out by moving the control device 9 relative to the input edge 8 of the cylindrical chamber 5. The larger the gap between the input edge 8 and the control device 9, the lower the resistance to the incoming air and vice versa. Adjusting the resistance for air entering the cylindrical chamber 5 allows you to change the dust collection conditions, since the dusty stream will be in the dust collector for different times, which allows you to adjust the installation to different operating modes of the installation and various types of dusty air flows. If several dust collectors are installed in series, forming a dust cleaning system, the control device 9 (10, 11) allows you to adjust each stage to the required vacuum rate in the dust collector.

The design of the body and the main parts can be made of sheet material by welding.

The dust collector is efficient in operation, it can be adjusted to work with different streams by the consumption of dusty air, various degrees of dustiness and a different combination of small and large dust particles in the stream.

Claims (7)

1. A dust collector comprising a cylindrical body, in the upper part of which a slit nozzle for introducing contaminated gas is tangentially mounted, and ledges are made along the generators of the internal surface of the body, in the direction of introducing the contaminated gas flow, a shell separating the space at the walls is coaxially mounted housing from the central part, the space inside the shell through a vertical cylindrical chamber is communicated with an outlet pipe connected to a device for removing purified gas, and to the bottom the th part of the housing is attached to a dust collection hopper, characterized in that a resistance control device for air entering the cylindrical chamber is installed at the inlet edge of the cylindrical chamber. 2. The dust collector according to claim 1, characterized in that said resistance control device is made in the form of a disk valve. 3. The dust collector according to claim 1, characterized in that said resistance control device is made in the form of a ball valve. 4. The dust collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the said control device is made in the form of a cone valve. 5. The dust collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical chamber is made in the form of a pipe, the continuation of which is the outlet pipe. 6. The dust collector according to claim 1, characterized in that said resistance control device is provided with a rod for moving the device relative to the edge of the cylindrical chamber, wherein the rod is connected to a rod moving mechanism. 7. The dust collector according to claim 7, characterized in that the device for removing gas is made in the form of a suction fan.