RU33538U1 - Reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing organic compounds (options) - Google Patents

Description

REACTOR FOR THE PROCESSING OF PLASTIC WASTE AND TOXIC HALOGEN CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (OPTIONS)

The proposed utility model relates to the field of processing and disposal of plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing organic compounds.

Known reactor for processing waste from a wide range of materials that are not sensitive to heating by microwave radiation, containing a reaction chamber for processing waste into processed products, a device for supplying processed waste to the reaction chamber and a device for removing processing products from the reaction chamber Patent RU, 2080994 MKI 7 F 42 D 5/04.

In such a reactor, the reaction chamber includes a tank open on top made of a material resistant to heating to at least 800 ° C and containing a layer of powdery material heated by microwave radiation and a microwave radiation source. The device for supplying recyclable waste is made in the form of a metal pipe located obliquely and resting on the edge of the tank open at the top. The device for removal of non-processed products is made in the form of an outlet located in the lower part of the reaction chamber and communicated with cooling means, and an outlet for removal of gaseous products of processing located in the upper part of the reaction chamber and in communication with gas cooling means and a separator.

The recyclable waste is fed through a feeder into a reservoir open at the top onto a layer of powdered material. Powdered material containing carbon in elemental form or material capable of decomposing under the influence of microwave radiation to elemental carbon is heated using microwave radiation. Recyclable waste, whose material is more dense, sinks to the bottom of the tank through a layer of powdery material. As the waste sinks to the bottom of the tank through a layer of powdered material, it is heated and intensively pyrolyzed. Powdered material displaced by recyclable waste falling to the bottom of the tank, including waste material decomposed as a result of pyrolysis to elemental carbon, flows over the edge of the tank open at the top and flows out through an outlet.

20Q3118842MKI6V29V17 / 00

NPS7 A 62 D 3/00 W i.  located in the lower part of the reaction chamber and passing through the cooler, is restored in the form of a solid carbon product.  Hydrocarbon gases released during the pyrolysis process are discharged from the reactor through an outlet located in the upper part of the reaction chamber, and through a cooler they enter the liquid-gas separator, which separates them into oil products and exhaust gases.  The disadvantages of this reactor are as follows: 1) the uncertainty of the composition of the processed waste (for example, recycled polyethylene) leads to the difficulty of fractionating the products of its pyrolysis; 2) highly toxic substances can form in the reactor that can lead to dangerous environmental pollution; 3) the heat resistance of the tank limits the temperature of its heating and heating of the processed waste and, as a result, limits the use of the reactor for processing heat-resistant waste.  Known reactor for the rapid destruction of chemical weapons, containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into products of processing in the presence of reagents, a device for supplying processed substances and reagents to the reaction chamber and a device for removing from the reaction chamber processing products Patent RU, 2152236 MKI 7 A 62 D 3/00 .  In this reactor, the reaction chamber is a special bell, in the upper part of which there is a pressurized thick-walled tank connected by a gateway to the bell.  Inside the tank there is a spark gap, which is a multi-electrode system located in a special way on a dielectric.  Tanks or shells filled with highly toxic gaseous substances that open or explode inside the tank are used as a device for supplying processed substances to the tank.  The reagent supply device is made in the form of hoses, through which reagents are pumped into the tank from storage tanks.  The device for removing processed products includes a pump and a container for collecting processed products connected to the tank by a pipeline.  The decomposition of a chemical weapon, which is a highly toxic substance, uses the heat of the reaction of combustion of a mixture of reagents, which is initiated by an energy pulse from a sliding surface discharge, carried out using a spark gap and combining the energy of a nonequilibrium plasma discharge between the electrodes and hard UV radiation from the surface of the dielectric, which are the electrodes.  Depending on the type of poisonous substance, either oxidizing or reducing gas media are used in the reaction chamber, characterized respectively by an excess of oxygen or hydrogen.  As a result of the decomposition of highly toxic substances and their chemical interaction with reagents, processed products are formed - gaseous substances that are pumped out of the tank.  After checking the processed products for the content of toxic substances in them and, if necessary, additional processing them by adding an oxygen-hydrogen mixture and igniting this mixture with a sliding surface discharge, they are released into the atmosphere.  This reactor has the following disadvantages: 1) for the implementation of the combustion process, it is necessary to use complex composite materials resistant to chemically active substances at high temperatures; 2) there is the possibility of contamination of the resulting processed products with impurities from the structural materials of the reactor, which necessitates additional measures to determine their chemical composition and degree of toxicity and to organize additional stages of purification of the processed products for their further use; 3) in the processing of organic compounds there is the possibility of the formation of toxic derivatives of dioxin and benzofuran, which is associated with the presence of free oxygen in the reaction chamber; 4) during the processing of chemical weapons (sarin, soman, mustard gas, lewisite) in an oxidizing environment, there is the possibility of the formation of arsenic oxides, phosphorus, sulfur, and the destruction of lewisite in a reducing environment may result in the formation of arsines.  Closest to the proposed utility model is a reactor for processing toxic substances, containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for supplying processed substances and reagents to the reaction chamber, and a device for removing condensed and gaseous processed products from the reaction chamber. Patent U, 2163345 MKI 7 F 42 D 5/04 prototype.  In this reactor, the reaction chamber is made in the form of two chambers connected by a special channel, in the first of which, the mixing chamber, the processed substance and reagents are mixed, including fuel, charge, inorganic substances.  In the second chamber - the combustion chamber, flameless combustion of the processed substance is carried out in the presence of reagents.  The feed device of the processed substances includes a drive filled with the processed substance, and a pump.  The reagent supply device includes tanks filled with fuel and inorganic substances (for example, calcium oxide), a fan and a special channel connecting the displacement chamber to the atmosphere.  Devices for removing condensed and gaseous processed products from the combustion chamber include a refrigerator and a separator equipped with collectors for collecting condensed processed products, a chamber in which the processed products are neutralized (for example, with a suspension of water-calcium hydroxide), and a sump equipped with a collector for collecting precipitated products and an outlet for removing gaseous products (e.g., nitrogen, carbon dioxide) from the reactor into the atmosphere.  The processed substance from the drive using a pump, fuel and reagents from the tanks, air through a fan are fed into the mixing chamber, in which these components are displaced.  The resulting mixture enters the combustion chamber, in which the decomposition of the processed substance into their constituent components is carried out by heating these substances using flameless combustion.  Burning is carried out in the presence of inorganic substances that enter into a chemical reaction with the decomposition products of the processed substance.  The processed products are removed from the reactor by their stepwise cooling to the condensation and solidification temperatures of various processed products and accumulated in collections for condensed processed products.  Gaseous products of the processing of toxic substances are discharged from the reactor into the atmosphere.  This reactor has the same drawbacks as the reactor discussed above for the quick destruction of chemical weapons, with the exception of the possibility of arsine formation.  The proposed utility model solves the technical problem of processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds into technically valuable substances and into substances used in various industries.  The technical task of the first embodiment is solved by the fact that in the reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds, containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for feeding recyclable k V substances and reagents to the reaction chamber and removal devices NC reaction chamber of condensed and gaseous products of processing, the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed, vacuum tight, heat insulation of the circuit and vacuum tightly connected to the vacuum pump and through the valve with a cylinder containing inert gas, inside the reaction chamber there are a pump, electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage pulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled portion of the reaction chamber located outside the reaction chamber, the device for supplying the processed substances to the reaction chamber includes a tank with a recyclable substance and a heater-cooler, a device for feeding the reaction located outside the reaction chamber This metal reagent chamber includes a reagent tank and a heater, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber, includes a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed processed products collector located outside the reaction chamber , the device for removing from the reaction chamber the gaseous products of processing, representing hydrogen, includes ra a membrane located in the reaction chamber passing hydrogen and not passing other gases filling the reaction chamber, and a pump and a reservoir for collecting hydrogen located outside the reaction chamber.  The technical solution of the problem in the first embodiment is due to the fact that the molecules of the processed substance, converted by heating to a gaseous state, moving with an inert gas stream along a closed, vacuum-tight, heat-insulated circuit, getting into the interelectrode region, are decomposed by atoms with the help of a high-voltage pulse discharge and radicals that in the inter-pulse time interval through chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of the reagents, also supplied to the interelectrode region In the form of vapors, they form atoms, molecules and radicals - the primary products of processing.  The binding energies of atoms and radicals in the molecules of the primary products of processing are greater than their binding energies in the molecules of the processed substance, which excludes the possibility of recovery of the molecules of the processed substance.  The primary products enter the thermostatically controlled region, where some of them enter into chemical reactions with each other and with the reagents that also enter the thermostated region, forming secondary processing products.  The final processed products are a mixture of primary and secondary processed products: condensed matter and hydrogen.  The composition of the final products of processing in the reactor can be controlled by changing the parameters of the discharge and temperature in the interelectrode and thermostatically controlled areas, the vapor pressure of the reagents in the interelectrode and thermostatically controlled areas, the time of chemical interaction between the primary products and reagents.  The essence of the proposed utility model according to the first embodiment is illustrated by the circuit shown in FIG.  1.  The reactor contains a reaction chamber 1, which is a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop.  The reaction chamber 1 is connected through a valve 2 to a cylinder 3 containing an inert gas.  Outside, a pump 4 is connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum connections to provide an inert gas operating pressure and a vacuum gauge 5 to control the pressure.  A pump 6 carrying out an inert gas flow in the direction shown by arrows 7 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1.  Inside the reaction chamber 1 there are electrodes 8 connected to a power unit 9.  Near the electrodes 8 downstream there is a thermostated section 10.  A tank 11 filled with a processed substance, equipped with a heater-cooler 12, is vacuum-tightly connected to the reaction chamber 1.  The tank 13, filled with reagents and equipped with a heater 14, is connected vacuum tightly to the reaction chamber 1 to the area between the electrodes 8 and to the thermostatically controlled section 10.  Inside the reaction chamber 1 there is a device 15 for filtering condensed products of processing, connected by vacuum connections to the collector 16 of these products.  A membrane 17 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1, which provides the outlet of hydrogen from this chamber; outside this chamber there is a pump 18 and a reservoir 19 for collecting hydrogen, vacuum-tightly connected to each other and to the membrane 17.  Dosimeters 20 are connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum compounds.  The proposed utility model in the first embodiment works as follows.  An inert gas is supplied from the cylinder 3 to the reaction chamber 1, the working pressure of which is measured using a vacuum gauge 5.  The pump 4 for pumping inert gas from the reaction chamber 1 allows you to set the specified working pressure of the inert gas.  Using pump 6, the inert gas is circulated in the reaction chamber 1.  From the reservoir 11 into the reaction chamber 1 to the inert gas is continuously or portionwise added a gaseous processed substance obtained in the case of liquid and solid processed substances by heating them to temperatures above boiling points.  The temperature of the processed substance to ensure operating pressure is regulated by the heater-refrigerator 12.  Inert gas, dragging along with itself, moves the processed substance along the contour in the direction shown by arrows 7.  A mixture of inert gas and vapors of the processed substance enters the region located between the electrodes 8.  Reagent vapors from the reservoir 13 enter this region, the temperature of which is regulated by the heater 14 to ensure the working pressure.  Between the electrodes 8, a high-voltage pulse discharge is excited by means of a power supply unit 9, with a repetition rate from several hertz to several tens of kilohertz, under the influence of which the molecules of the processed substance are decomposed into atoms and radicals, which in the inter-pulse time interval through chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of the reactants supplied from the reservoir 13 also to the interelectrode region, primary processing products are formed.  The primary products with a stream of inert gas enter the thermostatic section 10, providing a given temperature of the gas along its entire length.  In the thermostatically controlled section 10 also receive pairs of reagents from the tank 13.  In the temperature-controlled section 10, part of the primary products enters into chemical reactions between themselves and with the reagents, forming secondary processing products.  A mixture of primary and secondary products of processing - condensed matter and hydrogen - moves through the reaction chamber with a stream of inert gas.  Condensed processed products, passing through the filtering device 15 condensed processed products, accumulate in special collections of 16 of these products.  The device that separates hydrogen from the gas mixture circulating in the reaction chamber is made in the form of a membrane 17.  Hydrogen is removed from the reaction chamber 1 by means of a pump 18 and is collected in a reservoir 19.  After deactivation of a certain amount of the processed substance, the mixture consisting of the formed condensed substances is removed from the collectors 16.  Separation of condensed processed products extracted from reactor sumps 16 is carried out by means of a special technology.  The technical task of the proposed utility model according to the second embodiment is solved by the fact that in the reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processing products in the presence of reagents, a device for feeding the processed substances and reagents into the reaction chamber and devices removing condensed and gaseous products from the reaction chamber, the reaction chamber is closed.  the vacuum tight, heat-insulated circuit and the vaccuses are tightly connected to the vacuum pump and through the valve with a cylinder containing an inert gas, there are a pump inside the reaction chamber, electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage pulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, and a device for supplying the processed substances to the outside of the reaction chamber the reaction chamber includes a container with a processed substance in the form of a powder and a dispenser located outside the reaction chamber at the means for supplying metal reagents to the reaction chamber includes a reagent tank and a heater, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber, a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed processing products collector located outside the reaction chamber, a device for removing gaseous by-products from the reaction chamber, which are Hydrogen includes a membrane located in the reaction chamber that transmits hydrogen and does not allow other gases to fill the reaction chamber, and a pump and a reservoir for collecting hydrogen located outside the reaction chamber.  The technical solution of the problem according to the second option is due to the fact that the processed substance in the form of powder enters continuously or in portions into the reaction chamber and, moving with an inert gas stream along a closed, vacuum-tight, heat-insulated circuit, enters the interelectrode region.  In the interelectrode region, the processed substance under the action of a high-voltage pulse discharge is heated to temperatures at which it is transferred to a gaseous state.  Under the action of a high-voltage pulse discharge, the molecules of the processed substance decompose into atoms and radicals, which form atoms, molecules and radicals, which are the primary processing products, in the inter-pulse time interval by chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of the reagents, which are also supplied to the interelectrode region in the form of vapors.  The binding energies of atoms and radicals in the molecules of the primary products of processing are greater than the binding energies in the molecules of the processed substance, which excludes the possibility of recovery of the molecules of the processed substance.  Primary products and reagents, entering the thermostated region, enter into chemical reactions and form secondary processing products.  The final processed products are a mixture of primary and secondary processed products: condensed matter and hydrogen.  The composition of the final products of processing in the reactor can be controlled by JUfl -fflB Ji V changes in the temperature of the interelectrode and thermostated regions, the time of the chemical interaction between the primary products and reagents.  The essence of the proposed utility model according to the second embodiment is illustrated by the circuit shown in FIG.  2.  The reactor contains a reaction chamber 1, which is a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop.  The reaction chamber 1 is connected through a valve 2 to a cylinder 3 containing an inert gas.  Outside, a pump 4 is connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum connections to provide an inert gas operating pressure and a vacuum gauge 5 to control the pressure.  A pump 6 carrying out an inert gas flow in the direction shown by arrows 7 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1.  Inside the reaction chamber 1 there are electrodes 8 connected to a power unit 9.  Near the electrodes 8 downstream there is a thermostated section 10.  A container 12 filled with a processed substance in the form of a powder is multiply connected to the reaction chamber through a vaccine dispenser 11.  The tank 13, filled with reagents and equipped with a heater 14, is connected vacuum tightly to the reaction chamber 1 to the area between the electrodes 8 and to the thermostatically controlled section 10.  A device 15 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1, which provides filtering of condensed processed products, which is connected via vacuum connections to a collector 16 of these products.  A membrane 17 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1, which provides the outlet of hydrogen from this chamber; outside this chamber there is a pump 18 and a reservoir 19 for collecting hydrogen, vacuum-tightly connected to each other and to the membrane 17.  Dosimeters 20 are connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum compounds.  The proposed utility model in the second embodiment works as follows.  An inert gas is supplied from the cylinder 3 to the reaction chamber 1, the working pressure of which is measured using a vacuum gauge 5.  The pump 4 for pumping inert gas from the reaction chamber 1 allows you to set the specified working pressure of the inert gas.  Using pump 6, the inert gas is circulated in the reaction chamber 1.  From the container 12 into the reaction chamber 1 to the inert gas continuously or in portions through the dispenser 11 is added the processed substance in the form of a powder.  Inert gas, dragging along with itself, moves the processed substance along the contour in the direction shown by arrows 7.  The processed substance enters the region located between the electrodes 8.  Reagent vapors from the reservoir 13 enter this region, the temperature of which is regulated by the heater 14 to ensure the working pressure.  Between the electrodes 8, a high-voltage pulse discharge is excited by means of a power unit 9, with a trace frequency of several hertz to several tens of kilohertz, under the influence of which the processed substance is heated and transferred to a gaseous state.  The molecules of the processed substance are decomposed into atoms and radicals, which in the interpulse time interval through chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of the reactants form the primary products of processing.  The primary products with a stream of inert gas enter the thermostatic section 10, providing a given temperature of the gas along its entire length.  In the thermostatically controlled section 10 also receive pairs of reagents from the tank 13.  In the temperature-controlled section 10, part of the primary products enters into chemical reactions between themselves and with the reagents, forming secondary processing products.  A mixture of primary and secondary products of processing - condensed matter and hydrogen - is moved but to the reaction chamber with a stream of inert gas.  Condensed products of processing, passing through the device for filtering 15 condensed products of non-processing, accumulate in special collections of 16 of these products.  The device that separates hydrogen from the gas mixture circulating in the reaction chamber, made in the form of a membrane 17.  Hydrogen is removed from the reaction chamber 1 by means of a pump 18 and is collected in a reservoir 19.  After deactivation of a certain amount of the processed substance, the mixture consisting of the formed condensed substances is removed from the collectors 16.  Separation of condensed processed products extracted from reactor sumps 16 is carried out by means of a special technology.  The technical task posed in the third embodiment of the proposed utility model is solved by the fact that in the reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for supplying processed substances and reagents to the reaction chamber and devices removing condensed and gaseous products from the reaction chamber, the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed, vacuum-tight, heat-insulated circuit and vacuum tightly connected to a vacuum pump and through a valve with a cylinder containing an inert gas; inside the reaction chamber there are a pump, electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage pulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, and a device for supplying the processed substances to the reaction outside the reaction chamber o the chamber includes a container with the processed substance in the form of a powder and a dispenser located outside the reaction chamber a device for supplying metal reagents to the reaction chamber includes a container with reagents in the form of a powder and a dispenser, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber includes a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed products collector of processing located outside the reaction chamber, a device for removing gaseous products of processing from the reaction chamber, constituents hydrogen, raspolozhennz includes a reaction chamber a membrane permeable hydrogen impermeable and other gases, which fill the reaction chamber and a reaction chamber arranged outside the pump and reservoir for collecting hydrogen.  The technical solution of the task according to the third embodiment is due to the fact that the processed substance and reagents in the form of a powder enter continuously or in portions into the reaction chamber.  A mixture of recyclable material and reagents, moving with a stream of inert gas along a closed, vacuum-tight, heat-insulated circuit, enters the interelectrode region.  In the interelectrode region, the processed substance and reagents under the influence of a high-voltage pulse discharge are heated to temperatures at which they are transferred to a gaseous state.  Under the influence of a high-voltage pulse discharge, the molecules of the processed substance and reagents decompose into atoms and radicals, which in the interpulse time interval by chemical reactions with each other form atoms, molecules and radicals - the primary products of processing.  The binding energies of atoms and radicals in the molecules of the primary products of processing are greater than their binding energies in the molecules of the processed substance, which excludes the possibility of recovery of the molecules of the processed substance.  The primary products entering the thermostated region enter into chemical reactions with each other and form secondary processing products.  The final processed products are a mixture of primary and secondary processed products: condensed matter and hydrogen.  The composition of the final products of processing in the reactor can be controlled by changing the temperature of the interelectrode and thermostated areas, the number of reagents.   The reactor contains a reaction chamber 1, which is a closed, vacuum-tight, thermally insulated loop.  The reaction chamber 1 is connected through a valve 2 to a cylinder 3 containing an inert gas.  Outside, a pump 4 is connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum connections to provide an inert gas operating pressure and a vacuum gauge 5 to control the pressure.  The pump 6, performing a note of inert gas in the direction shown by arrows 7, is installed inside the reaction chamber 1.  Inside the reaction chamber 1 there are electrodes 8 connected to a power unit 9.  Near the electrodes 8 downstream there is a thermostated section 10.  A container 12 filled with a processed substance in the form of a powder is connected to the reaction chamber 1 through a dispenser 11 in a vacuum tight manner.  Through a dispenser 13, a container 14 filled with reagents in the form of a powder is connected to the reaction chamber 1 by a vacuum tight connection.  A device 15 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1, which provides filtering of condensed processed products, which is connected via vacuum connections to a collector 16 of these products.  A membrane 17 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1, which provides the outlet of hydrogen from this chamber; outside this chamber there is a pump 18 and a reservoir 19 for collecting hydrogen, vacuum-tightly connected to each other and to the membrane 17.  Dosimeters 20 are connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum compounds.  The proposed utility model according to the third embodiment works as follows.  An inert gas is supplied from the cylinder 3 to the reaction chamber 1, the working pressure of which is measured using a vacuum gauge 5.  The pump 4 for pumping inert gas from the reaction chamber 1 allows you to set the specified working pressure of the inert gas.  Using pump 6, the inert gas is circulated in the reaction chamber 1.  From containers 12 and 14 into the reaction chamber 1 to the inert gas continuously or in portions, respectively, through the dispensers 11 and 13 are added the processed substance and reagents in the form of a powder.  Inert gas, carrying along with itself, moves the processed substance and reagents along the circuit in the direction shown by arrows 7.  The processed substance and reagents enter the area located between the electrodes 8.  Between the electrodes 8, a high-voltage pulse discharge is excited by means of a power unit 9, with a repetition rate from several hertz to several tens of kilohertz, under the influence of which the processed substance and reagents are heated and transferred to a gaseous state.  The molecules of the processed substance are decomposed into atoms and radicals, which in the interpulse time interval through chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of the reagents form the primary products of processing.  The primary products with a stream of inert gas enter the thermostatic section 10, providing a given temperature of the gas along its entire length.  In the temperature-controlled section 10, part of the primary products enters into chemical reactions between themselves and with the reagents, forming secondary processing products.  A mixture of primary and secondary processed products — condensed matter and hydrogen — moves through the reaction chamber with an inert gas stream.  Condensed processed products, passing through the filtering device 15 condensed processed products, accumulate in special collections of 16 of these products.  The device that separates hydrogen from the gas mixture circulating in the reaction chamber, made in the form of a membrane 17.  Hydrogen is removed from the reaction chamber 1 by means of a pump 18 and is collected in a reservoir 19.  After deactivation of a certain amount of the processed substance, the mixture consisting of the formed condensed substances is removed from the collectors 16.  Separation of condensed processed products extracted from reactor sumps 16 is carried out by means of a special technology.  The technical problem posed in the fourth embodiment of the proposed utility model is solved by the fact that in the reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for feeding the processed substances and reagents into the reaction chamber and devices removal of condensed and gaseous products from the reaction chamber, the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed o, of a vacuum tight, heat-insulated circuit and vacuum tightly connected to a vacuum pump and through a valve with a cylinder containing an inert gas, there are a pump inside the reaction chamber, electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage pulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, and a feed agent for processing substances located outside the reaction chamber The reaction chamber includes a reservoir with a condensed recyclable material, equipped with a heater and a nozzle, located a device for supplying metal reagents into the reaction chamber, which is located outside the reaction chamber, includes a reagent tank and a heater, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber, a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed collector

processing products located outside the reaction chamber, a device for removing gaseous hydrogen products from the reaction chamber, which is hydrogen, includes a membrane located in the reaction chamber passing hydrogen and not passing other gases filling the reaction chamber, and a pump and reservoir located outside the reaction chamber to collect hydrogen.

The technical solution of the task according to the fourth embodiment is due to the fact that the liquid processed substance obtained in the case of non-processing of solids by heating them to temperatures above the melting temperature enters through the nozzle into the reaction chamber in the form of microscopic droplets. Microscopic droplets, moving with an inert gas flow along a closed, vacuum tight, tenisolated circuit, fall into the interelectrode region. In the interelectrode region, microscopic droplets under the influence of a high-voltage pulse discharge are heated to temperatures at which they evaporate. Under the action of a high-voltage pulse discharge, the molecules of the processed substance decompose into atoms and radicals, which, in the inter-pulse time interval, by chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of the reagents, which are also supplied to the interelectrode region in the form of vapors, form the primary processing products of atoms, molecules and radicals. The binding energies of atoms and radicals in the molecules of the primary products of processing are greater than their binding energies in the molecules of the processed substance, which excludes the possibility of recovery of the molecules of the processed substance. Primary products and reagents, entering thermostated area, enter into chemical reactions and form secondary processing products. The final processed products are a mixture of primary and secondary processed products: condensed matter and hydrogen. The composition of the final products of processing in the reactor can be controlled by changing the temperature of the interelectrode and thermostated areas, the time of chemical interaction between the primary products and reagents.

The essence of the proposed utility model according to the fourth embodiment is illustrated by the circuit shown in FIG. 4,

The reactor contains a reaction chamber 1, which is a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop. The reaction chamber 1 is connected through a valve 2 to a cylinder 3 containing an inert gas. Outside, a pump 4 is connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum connections to provide an inert gas operating pressure and a vacuum gauge 5 to control the pressure. A pump 6, which carries out an inert gas flow in the direction shown by arrows 7, is installed inside the reaction chamber 1. Inside the reaction chamber 1, electrodes 8 are located connected to the power unit 9. Near the electrodes 8, a thermostated section 10 is located downstream. To the reaction chamber 1, the nozzle 11 is vacuum-tightly connected to the tank 12, filled with condensed processed substance, equipped with a heater 13. The tank 14, filled with reagents and equipped with a heater 15, is connected vacuum-tight to the reaction chamber 1 to the area between the electrodes 8 and the thermostatically controlled portion 10. Inside the reaction chamber 1, a device 16 is installed that provides filtering of condensed processed products, connected by vacuum connections to the collector 17 of these products. A membrane 18 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1, which provides the outlet of hydrogen from this chamber; outside this chamber there is a pump 19 and a reservoir 20 for collecting hydrogen, vacuum tightly connected to each other and to the membrane 18. The dosimeters 21 are connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum connections. The utility model according to the fourth embodiment works as follows. An inert gas is supplied to the reaction chamber 1 from the cylinder 3, the working pressure of which is measured using a vacuum gauge 5. A pump 4 for pumping inert gas from the reaction chamber 1 allows you to set a predetermined inert gas working pressure. Using the pump 6, the inert gas is circulated in the reaction chamber 1. The liquid processed substance from the tank 12, obtained in the case of processing solids by heating them to temperatures above the melting point, carried out using the heater 13, enters through the nozzle 11 into the reaction chamber 1 in in the form of microscopic drops. Inert gas, dragging along with itself, moves microscopic droplets along the contour in the direction shown by arrows 7. Microscopic droplets enter the region located between the electrodes 8. Reagent vapors from the reservoir 14 enter this region, the temperature of which is regulated by the heater 15 to provide the working pressure. Between the electrodes 8 is a high-voltage pulse discharge, excited by a power supply 9, with a repetition rate of several hertz to several tens of kilohertz, heating and evaporating micro kopicheskie drops, then turned to the primary processing products. Between the electrodes 8, a high-voltage pulse discharge is excited by means of a power unit 9, with a repetition rate from several hertz to several tens of kilohertz, under the influence of which microscopic droplets are heated and transferred to a gaseous state. The molecules of the s material being processed are decomposed into atoms and radicals, which in the inter-pulse time interval, through chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of the reactants, form the primary products of processing. The primary products with a stream of inert gas enter the thermostatic section 10, providing a given temperature of the gas along its entire length. Reagent pairs from reservoir 14 also enter the temperature-controlled section 10. In the temperature-controlled section 10, part of the primary products enters into chemical reactions between themselves and with the reagents, forming secondary processing products. A mixture of primary and secondary processed products — condensed matter and hydrogen — moves through the reaction chamber with an inert gas stream. Condensed products of processing, passing through the device for filtering 16 condensed products of processing, accumulate in special collections 17 of these products. The device that separates hydrogen from the gas mixture circulating in the reaction chamber, made in the form of a membrane 18. Hydrogen is removed from the reaction chamber 1 by means of a pump 19 and collected in the reservoir 20. After deactivation of a certain amount of the processed substance, the mixture consisting of condensed substances formed is removed from collections. Separation of condensed by-products extracted from reactor sumps is carried out by means of special technology. The technical problem posed in the fifth embodiment of the proposed utility model is solved due to the fact that in the reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for supplying processed substances and reagents to the reaction chamber and devices removal of condensed and gaseous products from the reaction chamber, the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed, in a tightly insulated, heat-insulated circuit and vacuum tightly connected to a vacuum pump and through a valve with a cylinder containing an inert gas; inside the reaction chamber there are a pump, electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage pulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, and a device for supplying the processed substances to the reaction outside the reaction chamber the chamber includes a reservoir with a condensed recyclable material, equipped with a heater and a nozzle, located A device for supplying metal reagents into the reaction chamber, which is external to the reaction chamber, includes a reservoir with reagents and a nozzle.

a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber includes a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed processed products collector located outside the reaction chamber, a device for removing gaseous hydrogen products from the reaction chamber, includes a membrane located in the reaction chamber that transmits hydrogen and does not allow other gases to fill a reaction chamber, and a pump and a reservoir for collecting hydrogen located outside the reaction chamber.

The technical solution of the task in the fifth embodiment is due to the fact that the liquid processable substance obtained in the processing of solids by heating them to temperatures above the melting point enters through the nozzle into the reaction chamber in the form of microscopic droplets. The reagents, converted into a liquid state, by heating them to temperatures above the melting point, enter through the nozzle into the reaction chamber in the form of microscopic droplets. A mixture of microscopic droplets of the processed substance and reagents, moving with a stream of inert gas along a closed, vacuum-tight, heat-insulated circuit, enters the interelectrode region. In the interelectrode region, microscopic droplets under the influence of a high-voltage pulse discharge are heated to temperatures at which they evaporate. Under the influence of a high-voltage pulse discharge, the molecules of the processed substance decompose into atoms and radicals, which in the interpulse time interval through chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of reagents form atoms, molecules and radicals - the primary products of processing. The binding energies of atoms and radicals in the molecules of the primary processing products are greater than their binding energies in the molecules of the processed substance, which excludes the possibility of reduction of the molecules of the processed substance. Primary products and reagents, entering the thermostated region, enter into chemical reactions and image) and then secondary processing products. The final processed products are a mixture of primary and secondary processed products: condensed matter and hydrogen. The composition of the final products of processing in the reactor can be controlled by changing the temperature of the interelectrode and thermostated areas, the time of chemical interaction between the primary products and reagents.

The reactor contains a reaction chamber 1, which is a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop. The reaction chamber 1 is connected through a valve 2 to a cylinder 3 containing an inert gas. Outside, a pump 4 is connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum connections to provide an inert gas operating pressure and a vacuum gauge 5 to control the pressure. A pump 6, which carries out an inert gas flow in the direction shown by arrows 7, is installed inside the reaction chamber 1. Inside the reaction chamber 1, electrodes 8 are located connected to the power unit 9. Near the electrodes 8, a thermostated section 10 is located downstream. To the reaction chamber 1, the nozzle And the reservoir 12 is vacuum-tightly connected, filled with a liquid processable substance or a processable substance in the form of a powder, equipped with a heater 13. To the reaction chamber 1 through the nozzle 14 is vacuum-tightly a single reservoir 15, filled with reagents provided with a heater 16. The fused processing products enter into the lower part of the chamber and, passing through the device 17 for filtration of condensed products of processing are accumulated in special collections 18 of these products. A membrane 19 is installed inside the reaction chamber 1, which allows hydrogen to escape from this chamber; outside this chamber are a pump 20 and a hydrogen collection tank 21, which are vacuum tightly connected to each other and to the membrane 19. Dosimeters 22 are connected to the reaction chamber 1 by means of vacuum connections.

The proposed utility model according to the fifth embodiment works as follows. An inert gas is supplied to the reaction chamber 1 from the cylinder 3, the working pressure of which is measured using a vacuum gauge 5. A pump 4 for pumping inert gas from the reaction chamber 1 allows you to set a predetermined inert gas working pressure. Using the pump 6, the inert gas is circulated in the reaction chamber 1. The liquid processed substance from the tank 12, obtained in the case of processing solids by heating them to temperatures above the melting point, carried out using the heater 13, enters through the nozzle 11 into the reaction chamber 1 in in the form of microscopic drops. Reagents transferred into a liquid state by heating them to temperatures above the melting temperature, carried out using a heater 16, from the reservoir 15 through the nozzle 14 enter the reaction chamber 1 in the form of microscopic droplets. Inert gas, dragging along with itself, moves along the circuit a mixture of microscopic drops of the processed substance and reagents in the direction shown by arrows 7. Microscopic drops enter the region located between the electrodes 8. Between the electrodes 8 is carried out

/// f V high-voltage pulse discharge excited by power supply 9, with a repetition rate of several hertz to several tens of kilohertz, under the influence of which microscopic droplets are heated and transferred to a gaseous state. The molecules of the processed substance are decomposed into atoms and radicals, which in the interpulse time interval through chemical reactions with each other and with the atoms of the reactants form the primary products of processing. The primary products with a stream of inert gas enter the thermostatic section 10, providing a given temperature of the gas along its entire length. In the temperature-controlled section 10, part of the primary products enters into chemical reactions between themselves and with the reagents, forming secondary processing products. A mixture of primary and secondary products of processing - condensed matter and hydrogen - moves through the reaction chamber with a stream of inert gas. Condensed processed products, passing through the filtering device 17 condensed processed products, accumulate in special collections of 18 of these products. The device that separates hydrogen from the gas mixture circulating in the reaction chamber, made in the form of a membrane 19. Hydrogen is removed from the reaction chamber 1 by a pump 20 and collected in the reservoir 21. After deactivation of a certain amount of the processed substance, the mixture consisting of condensed matter formed is removed from collections. Separation of condensed by-products extracted from reactor sumps is carried out by means of special technology. Noting the features of the proposed utility model, it is necessary to say that, firstly, oxygen, the presence of which in the reaction chamber is possible only if it enters the molecules of the processed substances, is bound by reagents and is part of the condensed products of processing, thus, the possibility the formation of toxic derivatives of dioxins and benzofurans in the reactor is significantly reduced. Secondly, in the reactor, the processing of substances is carried out at pressures below atmospheric under controlled conditions. In the reactor, the processing of substances according to the first embodiment is carried out at relatively low (compared with the combustion temperature) gas temperatures, therefore, to implement the processing process in the proposed reactor, it is not necessary to use complex composite materials resistant to the effects of chemically active substances at high temperatures, and the resulting reaction masses will not be contaminated with impurities from structural materials of the reactor. In the processing of substances that possess,.

high vaporization temperatures, according to the second, third, fourth and fifth options, the temperature of the walls of the reaction chamber is also relatively low compared to the temperature of combustion, since the processed substances and reagents are heated and transferred to a gaseous state in the interelectrode region under the influence of a high-voltage pulse discharge.

The proposed reactor provides the processing of plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing organic compounds in order to obtain chemical compounds used in various industries and technically valuable compounds.

Claims (5)

1. A reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds, containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for feeding the processed substances and reagents into the reaction chamber and devices for removing condensed and gaseous processed products from the reaction chamber, characterized in that the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop and vacuum tightly connected to the vacuum A pump and electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage impulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, a device for supplying processed substances into the reaction chamber, are located inside the reaction chamber, a pump and through a valve with a cylinder containing an inert gas and a heater-cooler located outside the reaction chamber, a device for supplying metal reagents to the reaction chamber, incl. It includes a reagent tank and a heater, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber, includes a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed processing products collector located outside the reaction chamber, and a device for removing gaseous products from the reaction chamber of processing includes a membrane located in the reaction chamber that transmits hydrogen and does not pass each other e gases filling the reaction chamber and a reaction chamber arranged outside the pump and reservoir for collecting hydrogen. 2. A reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds, containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for supplying processed substances and reagents to the reaction chamber and devices for removing condensed and gaseous processed products from the reaction chamber, characterized in that the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop and vacuum tightly connected to the vacuum A pump and electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage impulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, and a feed device for the processed substances located outside the reaction chamber include a container with the processed substance in the form of a powder inside the reaction chamber with a pump and through a valve with an inert gas cylinder and a dispenser located outside the reaction chamber, a device for supplying metal reagents to the reaction chamber, includes a reservoir reagents, and a heater, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber, includes a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed processing products collector located outside the reaction chamber, a device for removing gaseous processed products from the reaction chamber a membrane located in the reaction chamber that transmits hydrogen and does not allow other gases to fill ktsionnuyu chamber and a reaction chamber arranged outside the pump and reservoir for collecting hydrogen. 3. A reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds, containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for feeding the processed substances and reagents into the reaction chamber and devices for removing condensed and gaseous processed products from the reaction chamber, characterized in that the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop and vacuum tightly connected to the vacuum A pump and electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage impulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, and a feed device for the processed substances located outside the reaction chamber include a container with the processed substance in the form of a powder inside the reaction chamber with a pump and through a valve with an inert gas cylinder and a dispenser located outside the reaction chamber, a device for supplying metal reagents to the reaction chamber, includes a container with reagents in the form of a powder and a dispenser, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber includes a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed processed products collector located outside the reaction chamber, a device for removing gaseous processed products from the reaction chamber a membrane located in the reaction chamber passing hydrogen and not passing other gases, fill a pump and a reservoir for collecting hydrogen located outside the reaction chamber; 4. A reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds, containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for supplying processed substances and reagents to the reaction chamber and devices for removing condensed and gaseous processed products from the reaction chamber, characterized in that the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop and vacuum tightly connected to the vacuum m pump and through a valve with a cylinder containing an inert gas, inside the reaction chamber there are a pump, electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage pulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, a device for supplying processed substances to the reaction chamber located outside the reaction chamber, includes a reservoir with a condensed processed a substance equipped with a heater and a nozzle, a device for supplying reagents to the reaction chamber located outside the reaction chamber, before containing metals, includes a reagent container equipped with a heater, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber, a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed processed products collector located outside the reaction chamber the reaction chamber of gaseous products of processing includes a membrane located in the reaction chamber skayuschuyu hydrogen and other gases impermeable, filling the reaction chamber and a reaction chamber arranged outside the pump and reservoir for collecting hydrogen. 5. A reactor for processing plastic waste and toxic halogen-containing poisonous compounds, containing a reaction chamber for processing substances into processed products in the presence of reagents, a device for feeding the processed substances and reagents into the reaction chamber and devices for removing condensed and gaseous processed products from the reaction chamber, characterized in that the reaction chamber is made in the form of a closed, vacuum tight, thermally insulated loop and vacuum tightly connected to the vacuum m pump and through a valve with a cylinder containing an inert gas, inside the reaction chamber there are a pump, electrodes connected to a source of high-voltage pulse voltage, a thermostatically controlled section of the reaction chamber, a device for supplying the processed substances to the reaction chamber located outside the reaction chamber, includes a reservoir with condensed recycle a substance equipped with a heater and a nozzle, a device for supplying reagents to the reaction chamber located outside the reaction chamber containing metals, includes a reagent tank equipped with a heater and a nozzle, a device for removing condensed processed products from the reaction chamber, a device for filtering condensed processed products located inside the reaction chamber, and a condensed processed products collector located outside the reaction chamber removal of gaseous products of processing from the reaction chamber includes a membrane located in the reaction chamber anu permeable hydrogen impermeable and other gases, which fill the reaction chamber and a reaction chamber arranged outside the pump and reservoir for collecting hydrogen.