RU3276U1 - DEVICE FOR COMPOSTING THE ORGANIC MIXTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for composting an organic mixture, containing fermenters and a system of active ventilation of the mixture, characterized in that the fermenters are made in the form of flexible portable containers installed after filling them with compostable mixture, on supports-air ducts connected to the ventilation system and covered with a heat-insulating casing. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing having double elastic walls consists of one or more folding or pivoting parts.

Description

3 neck C05F 3/00 C05F 9/04 ORGANIC MIXING MACHINE

The device is used for accelerated aerobic microbiological processing of organic waste from animal husbandry, poultry farming, utilities and forestry, the food industry, with the final production of compost, organic soil fertilizer.

Of the existing devices described in the patents of Germany (Jfe2520640, СО 5 F 9/04, 1977), Switzerland (No. 6363296, СО 5 F 3/00, 1978), Russia (No. 2028998, СО 5 F 3/00, СО 5 F 9 / 04.1995), the closest to the considered, by purpose and design, is the device shown in the last of the listed patents, which can be considered a prototype of the proposed device.

The design of the prototype device includes stationary containers, hereinafter referred to as fermenters, in the lower part of which are located parallel to each other, with some steps, perforated air ducts onto which a layer of compostable mixture is poured. The air injected through the ducts passes under pressure through this layer, supporting the aerobic microbiological process.

The proposed device (Fig. 1,2 and 3) in design differs from the prototype. The fermenters are in the form of portable containers of elastic materials I, installed, after filling them with a compostable mixture, onto air duct supports 2 (of any shape in cross section) connected to the pressure network of air ducts 3. Air flow passes from fan 4 through the air support and permeable the fabric of the lower part of the container, falling into the compostable mass, and from there exits through the open top of the container.

A group of container fermenters, together with an active ventilation system, is covered with a casing 5, the role of which is to retain the heat generated during composting. The casing has walls of two layers of elastic material, which, being located with a gap to each other, form an air thermally insulating layer. The casing may consist of one or several parts, each of which either folds onto the frame (like the top of the carriage) or rotates relative to the selected axis of rotation 6. With the casing open, access to the fermenters and the ventilation system (Fig. 2).

The device operates as follows. The casing is opened and fermenters-containers filled with a compostable mixture are installed on air support rails. Parts of the casing are moved to the closed position - the device is ready for operation (Fig. 3). The duty cycle, with programmable fan on, lasts 3 ... 5 days. The injected air, when the device is operating, leaves either through the casing leaks into the atmosphere, or through the exhaust duct to the cleaning filters and, further, to the atmosphere.

At the end of composting, the casing is opened, the device is freed from the fermenter containers and prepared for the next loading.

The design of the proposed device was deliberately improved, taking into account the shortcomings of the prototype. As a result, a development was achieved that fulfills the set goals - speeding up the process and improving the quality of composting the organic mixture. Applied design solutions allowed to achieve the following results:

1. Significantly reduced heat loss by reducing the contact area of the heated compostable mass with cold enclosing surfaces.

In the prototype device, the mass is laid in a layer on the floor of the fermenter, the area of which, in practice, is several tens of square meters. In the cold season, with a large temperature difference on the contact surface, heat loss slows down or stops the microbiological process.

In the proposed device, the fermenters, through the elastic shell, are in contact with the edges of the supports-ducts on an area negligible, thousands of times smaller than in the prototype. In addition, heat is retained by the shell of each fermenter and the casing of the device. All this leads to an increase in the temperature of the composted mixture by 5 ... 6 deg. C, compared to the prototype.

Achieving earlier compost ripening for 1.0 ... 2.5 days and improving its quality.

2. In the proposed device, the initial humidity of the composted mixture is significantly reduced from 55 ... 60 percent to 40 ... 45, which improves its quality.

In the prototype device, the humidity of the mixture practically does not change, since the excess liquid, seeping down under the action of gravity, enters the perforated air ducts and returns with a stream of air.

The design of the proposed device provides for the separation of liquid and air in the stand-duct. Fluid accumulates at the bottom of the stand, and air is supplied above the fluid level and moves upward without wetting the composted mixture.

3. The proposed design allows you to blow the compostable mixture evenly, without the formation of zones of stagnation and weak air movement.

In the prototype installation, air from a perforated duct is supplied in separate jets, the distance between which is measured in tens of centimeters. In this case, it is impossible to avoid areas with insufficient oxygen supply in the composted mass, which determines the focal nature of the process and the heterogeneity of the quality of the resulting compost.

In the proposed device, the air from the stand-duct, without obstacles, enters the lower part of the fermenter-container. The air-permeable container shell plays the role of a flow distributor uniformly over the cross section without causing large pressure losses.

Realizing the goals, the proposed device for composting the organic mixture can reduce the ripening time of the compost and improve its quality.

- 3. Director of IChP Agricultural enterprise SHOKOM-K

Kupriyanov O.I.

Claims (2)

1. A device for composting an organic mixture containing fermenters and an active ventilation system for the mixture, characterized in that the fermenters are made in the form of flexible portable containers, installed after filling them with a compostable mixture, on the air support stands connected to the ventilation system and covered with a heat-insulating casing.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing having double elastic walls consists of one or more folding or turning parts.