RU32206U1 - The device for controlling the speed of a high-speed wind wheel - Google Patents

Description

The device for controlling the speed of a high-speed wind wheel

The utility model relates to safety systems for wind turbines and can be used to create systems for regulating vane wind turbines.

A known device for controlling the frequency of rotation of the high-speed wheel of a wind turbine UVE-500M FSUE Central Research Institute "Electrical appliance, in the form of a weather vane (tail) on an inclined hinge, by changing the position in the stream of the entire rotating wind wheel (removing it from the wind). Such a device has limited use, mainly for very small sized wind wheels, since the spatial change in the position of the wind wheel rotating with the maximum frequency in the stream requires excessive hardening (weighting) of the entire structure, and also leads to losses in electricity generation.

Known centrifugal regulator of the rotational speed of a wind wheel A.S. SU No. 708068 from 05.01.80, containing levers associated with the blades, one of which interacts through a clutch with a spring and is equipped with a roller, and the second is equipped with a massive load. The specified centrifugal speed controller of a wind turbine with a constant rotational speed of a wind wheel is characterized by low operational reliability of a multi-link mechanical system that changes the spatial position of the blade under load, as well as reduced power generation associated with the operation of the wind wheel in a non-optimal variable speed mode.

The closest technical technical is A.S. SU N 969952 from 10.30.82-a device for controlling the frequency of rotation of a wind wheel, containing two electric machines, one of which is made in the form of a synchronous generator, and the second is in the form of a direct current generator, excitation blocks and a tachogenerator, an electrochemical battery and an inverter connected to them . The device supports rotational frequency2002131532

IIIMIiniUDlllilillllli

- 3 1 5 2

IPC: F 03 D 7/00

ny wind wheel within specified limits by increasing the electromagnetic braking torque on the generator shaft.

The disadvantage of the prototype is a narrow range of wind speeds, in which it is possible to control the specified device, as well as the non-use of the aerodynamics in regulating wind wheels.

The utility model is based on the task of regulating the rotational speed of a wind wheel in the entire operating range of wind speeds, as well as increasing the power generation by 25 ... 30% by working in the vicinity of the optimal speed value z opt.

To achieve this technical result, the device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind turbine comprises a control unit, a brake device connected to it in the form of a belt brake, consumer loads, and a generator. The generator through the brake device and gearbox is connected to the wind wheel, the blades of which, counting no more than 0.5 R of relative radius counting from the external end face, have an aerodynamic profile with an intense stall characteristic, and the brake device is installed with the possibility of additional control functions, according to the commands from the control unit. Consumer loads also include a storage tank and / or a buffer load element.

The brake device can be made in the form of a disk or shoe (drum) brake with an electromagnetic drive, a hydraulic brake with an adjustable throttle, an electromagnetic brake of a vortex tube of porops type, an aerodynamic shield mounted on the end section of the blade end section and deflected 90 ° to the plane of rotation wind wheels.

In addition, the generator can be installed with the possibility of creating a control electromagnetic braking effect, by automatically changing the control unit load level of the generator.

in FIG. 2 - regulatory characteristic of a wind turbine,

in Fig.3 - characteristic of the generation of electricity under various laws of regulation,

in FIG. 4 is a plan of air flow rates and forces acting on the blades of a wind wheel.

The proposed device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind turbine (Fig. 1) contains a control unit, a brake device 2 connected to it in the form of a belt brake, load of consumers 3 and a generator 4. The generator is connected via a brake device and gearbox 5 to a wind wheel 6, the blades of which, on counting to a length of not more than 0.5 R of the relative radius from the outer end, they have an aerodynamic profile with an intense stall characteristic, and the braking device is installed with the possibility of additional of functions of control actions by commands from zshravleniya block. Consumer loads also include a storage tank and / or a buffer load element.

The brake device can be made in the form of a disk or shoe (drum) brake with an electromagnetic drive, a hydraulic brake with an adjustable throttle, an electromagnetic brake of a vortex or powder type, an aerodynamic shield mounted on the end section of the blade and deflected by an angle of v | / 90 ° to the plane of rotation of the wind wheel.

In addition, the generator can be installed with the possibility of creating a control electromagnetic braking effect, by automatically changing the control unit load level of the generator.

The control unit can be structurally divided into a power circuit and a control circuit. The power circuit includes: an input current regulator, a charger, current sensors, keys, and provides the transfer of electrical energy through circuits. The microprocessor-based control circuit measures the parameters in the power circuit circuits and, in accordance with the algorithm embedded in the microprocessor, control OOlf

knots power circuit.

A storage battery unit is used as a storage battery, and a heating device, which is a backup device that converts electrical energy to heat, can be used as a buffer load element.

The device adjusts the speed of the high-speed wind turbine as follows.

The control unit 1 (Fig. 1) measures the elemental parameters in the circuit of the generator 4, and therefore, the current value of the rotational speed of the wind wheel 6, compares the measured parameters with the set ones, and when the speed changes in the range of wind speeds from vmin to the initial reg., does not give control commands to the brake device 2. In this case, the wind wheel 6, connected through the gearbox 5 and the brake device 2 to the generator 4, rotates with a variable (w var) frequency with L (z / g) vt in the vicinity of the optimal speed z opt const, providing the best possible whence. All generated electricity is directed to the loads of consumers 3, in the absence of consumers turned on, electricity is sent to the storage capacity.

As can be seen from figure 2 with a wind speed of VL VI and a variable speed of rotation (with var), the power of the wind turbine N is about 35% of the calculated value, while at a constant speed of rotation (with const) it is zero.

Fig. 3 illustrates the difference in power generation YES provided by the proposed control device, on devices that provide work with G) const.

The plan of the velocities of the exaggerated flow and the forces acting on the blades of the wind wheel 6 for the end section are shown in FIG. 4 - a). Here, at a wind speed corresponding to the beginning of regulation v beg. per., the blade section meets the resulting velocity vector vTi with the angle of attack ai, and the projection of the resulting force vector R la is directed to the side

wind wheel rotation 6.

When the wind speed in the range from v beg. per. to OFF, the speed of the wind wheel 6 increases, which leads to a change in the electrical parameters in the generator circuit 4. To restore the rotation speed and prevent the generator from overloading beyond the permissible limit, the control unit 1 measures the electrical parameters, compares the measured parameters with the set ones and sends an alphabetical command to brake device 2. The braking control moment created by the brake device 2 and increased in proportion to the degree of reduction in the gearbox 5 is applied to the wind wheel 6, which causes There is a decrease in its speed to a value that provides a change in the direction of action of the moving aerodynamic forces on the blades.

The cross section of the blade of the wind wheel 6 meets the resulting velocity vector 2 with an angle of attack a 2, and the projection of the vector of the resulting force R2a is directed in the opposite direction to the rotation of the wind wheel 6 (Fig. 4 -b).

Braking of the wind wheel occurs as a result of a change in the direction of action of the projection of the vector of the resulting force Ra to the side that is photo-opposite to the direction of rotation.

When reducing the wind speed Vi, the control unit 1 sends a control command to the brake device 2, to remove part of the control braking torque. There is a restoration of the previous angle of attack a and the rotational speed of the wind wheel, restored to nominal.

Thus, the proposed device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind turbine, created on commercially available units and components, provides speed control over the entire range of wind speeds and increases electricity generation by 25 ... 30% by working in the vicinity of the optimal speed value zopt .

) // 3 / .r5

Claims (8)

1. A device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind turbine, comprising a control unit, a brake device connected to it, in the form of a tape brake, consumer loads, which also include a storage tank and / or buffer load element, and a generator, which through the brake device and gearbox connected to the wind wheel, characterized in that the wind wheel blades, at a length of not more than

of relative radius, counting from the outer end, they have an aerodynamic profile with an intense stall characteristic, and the braking device is installed with the possibility of additionally performing the functions of control actions, by commands from the control unit. 2. The device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the braking device is made in the form of a disk brake. 3. The device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake device is made in the form of a shoe (drum) brake. 4. The device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake device is made in the form of a hydraulic brake with an adjustable throttle. 5. The device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the braking device is made in the form of an electromagnetic vortex-type brake. 6. The device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake device is made in the form of an electromagnetic brake of a powder type. 7. The device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake device is made in the form of an aerodynamic shield mounted on the end face of the blade end section and deflected by an angle ψ = 90 ° to the plane of rotation of the wind wheel. 8. The device for controlling the rotational speed of a high-speed wind wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator can be installed with the possibility of creating a control electromagnetic braking effect by automatically changing the generator load level by the control unit.