RU2822262C1 - Low-voltage electric detonator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for safe blasting facilities and relates to low-voltage electric detonators using secondary (blasting) explosives, and can be used as a small-size means of initiating explosive charges for industrial purposes, used in mining, coal mining and other industries. Low-voltage electric detonator includes housing 5 with an axial channel with a diameter d, in which are arranged in series an initiating element, made in the form of current-conducting housing 12, inside which dielectric block 10 with central electrode 11, initiator 9 and propellant explosive charge 8 are installed along the axis. In contact with propellant explosive charge 8 there is thrown element 7 in the form of a disc. Housing 5 is equipped with safety element 6 made in the form of a rod and installed perpendicular to the axis of the device with overlapping of the axial channel. On one side of safety element 6 there is an initiating element, and on the opposite side of safety element 6 there is bushing 1 with successively placed piezoelectric element 4, capsule 3 from explosives and detonator 2. Height along axis h of thrown element 7 is determined from ratio h=(0.4–0.55)d, where d is diameter of axial channel of housing 5 of low-voltage electric detonator.

EFFECT: increasing the probability of using explosives from the kinetic action of the striker due to the use of the piezoelectric element and optimization of the overall dimensions of the striker; increasing operational safety by equipping the device with a safety element.

5 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention is intended for safe means of explosion and relates to low-voltage electric detonators using secondary (high explosives), and can be used as a small-sized means of initiating explosive charges for industrial purposes, used in mining, coal mining and other industries, as well as in military industry.

A detonating device for a mechanical fuse is known, described in the RU patent for the invention RU 2103661 C1, 01/27/1998, IPC F42C 7/00, containing a firing pin with a blind channel at the end, a detonator capsule based on a secondary explosive, a transfer charge and a detonator, while a metal barrier is placed between the detonator capsule and the transfer charge

The disadvantages of the device include:

- high weight and dimensions of the device;

- high total TNT equivalent used in the explosive device.

Also known is the device described in the patent RU 2274734 C1, 04/20/2006, MPK E21B 43/0811, F42B 3/10, called “Fuse for downhole equipment”, which describes a device including a housing with an adapter in which the impact mechanism is sequentially placed, a mechanical detonating device based on a high explosive, attached to it, in the body of which radial holes are made, filled with a low-melting alloy, and is additionally equipped with a metal sleeve.

The disadvantages of the device include the presence in the body of the detonating device of holes filled with a low-melting alloy, the presence of which can lead to its failure due to premature extrusion of the low-melting alloy from these holes.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a detonating device based on a high explosive, adopted as a prototype, described in patent RU 2661923 C1, 07/23/2018, IPC F42B 3/10. The device contains a housing in which an initiating element, a propellant charge, a disc-shaped propellant, a primer and a detonator installed in the sleeve are placed in series.

The disadvantages of the device include:

- absence of elements protecting the device from unauthorized operation;

- lack of functional elements that ensure reliable initiation of the explosive charge by the striker.

The objective of the invention is to create a low-voltage electric detonator that prevents its unauthorized operation under all operating conditions.

The technical result of this invention is:

- increasing the likelihood of using explosives from the kinetic impact of the striker through the use of a piezoelectric element and optimizing the overall dimensions of the striker;

- increasing operational safety due to the equipment with a safety element.

This is achieved by the fact that in a low-voltage electric detonator containing a housing in which an initiating element, a propellant charge, a propellant element in the form of a disk, a capsule and a detonator installed in a sleeve are placed in series, according to the invention, the housing is made with an axial channel and is equipped with a safety element installed perpendicular to the axis with overlapping of the axial channel, on one side of which there is an initiating element, consisting of a current-conducting body, inside of which a dielectric block with a central electrode is installed along the axis, an initiator and an explosive propellant charge in contact with it, installed in the electric detonator body in contact with the propellant element, on the opposite side of the safety element, a sleeve is fixed in the body with a capsule placed in it sequentially, in the direction of detonation propagation, located between the piezoelectric element and an explosive detonator, while the height along the axis of the thrown element h is determined from the relation h = (0.4-0 ,55)d,

where d is the diameter of the axial channel of the low-voltage electric detonator housing.

In addition, in order to protect against unauthorized operation of the device, a safety element made in the form of a rod is placed in the housing.

In addition, in order to increase the reliability of detonator initiation by the kinetic energy of the thrown element, the piezoelement is made in the form of a disk made of TsTS-19M piezoceramics.

In addition, in order to reduce the response time of the device, the propellant charge is made of tubing explosive

In addition, in order to increase the initiating ability of the device, the detonator is made of high explosives.

The analysis of the level of technology carried out by the applicant, including a search through patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed us to establish that the applicant had not discovered an analogue characterized by features identical to all essential features of the claimed invention, but a definition from the list identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest analogue in terms of the totality of features, made it possible to identify a set of distinctive features in the claimed object that are essential in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicant, as set out in the claims.

Consequently, the claimed invention meets the requirement of “novelty” under current legislation.

To check the compliance of the claimed invention with the conditions of inventive step, the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that coincide with the features of the claimed invention that are distinctive from the prototype, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not follow clearly from the known technical level for a specialist.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the “inventive step” requirement.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where the following items are introduced:

1 - bushing;

2 - detonator;

3 - capsule;

4 - piezoelectric element;

5 - body;

6 - safety element;

7 - a thrown element in the form of a disk;

8 - explosive propellant charge;

9 - initiator;

10 - dielectric block;

11 - central electrode;

12 - conductive body of the initiating element.

A low-voltage electric detonator includes a housing 5 with an axial channel of diameter d, in which an initiating element made in the form of a current-conducting housing 12 is sequentially placed, inside which a dielectric block 10 with a central electrode 11, an initiator 9 (from the tubing) and a propellant charge in contact with it are installed along the axis BB 8 (from tubing). In contact with the propellant charge 8 there is a propellant element 7 in the form of a disk. Housing 5 is equipped with a safety element 6, made in the form of a rod and installed perpendicular to the axis of the device, blocking the axial channel. On one side of the safety element 6 there is an initiating element consisting of a current-conducting body 12, inside of which a dielectric block 10 with a central electrode 11 is installed along the axis, and on the opposite side of the safety element 6 a sleeve 1 is fixed with those placed in it sequentially, in the direction of detonation propagation D (see drawing), a piezoelectric element 4 (for example, made of piezoceramics TsTS 19-M or TsTSNV-1), a capsule 3 made of an explosive (for example, tubing, heating element) and a detonator 2 made of explosives (for example, HMX, ST-20). The height along the h axis of the thrown element 7 is determined from the relation h=(0.4-0.55)d, where d is the diameter of the axial channel of the housing 5 of the low-voltage electric detonator.

The operation of the detonation transmission device is carried out as follows: when a low-voltage electrical pulse is supplied through the central electrode 11 of the block 10 and the conductive body 12, the initiator 9 ignites the propellant charge 8, during the combustion of which the pressure in the chamber of the conductive body 12 increases and the propellant element 7 is cut out in the form of a disk, which accelerates in the axial channel of the housing 5 and, striking the capsule 3, through the piezoelectric element 4, initiates it. The capsule 3, in turn, activates the detonator 2. The safety rod 6 eliminates the possibility of unauthorized activation of the detonator 2 until it is removed from the housing 5. The axial height of the thrown element 7 h is determined from the ratio h = (0.4-0.55)d,

where d is the diameter of the axial channel of the low-voltage electric detonator housing.

The optimal value of the height along the h axis of the throwing element 7 from the diameter of the axial channel d of the housing 5 of the low-voltage electric detonator was determined based on the results of the experiments shown in the table.

An example of a specific implementation is a low-voltage electric detonator, the body 5 of which is made with an axial channel with a diameter of 4 mm, it contains an initiating element made in the form of a current-conducting body 12, inside of which a dielectric block 10 made of press material is installed along the axis, with a central electrode 11, initiator 9 and propellant charge BB 8, both elements from tubing. A safety element 6 is installed perpendicular to the axis of the housing 5, made in the form of a steel rod controlled by an automation system; also in the housing 5, a sleeve 1 with a capsule 3 is fixed, in the form of, for example, a metal cup filled with a tubing explosive, located between a piezoelectric element 4 made of PZT piezoceramics -19M and detonator 2 from high explosive octogen. The height h of the thrown element 7 was selected from the ratio h=(0.4-0.55)d, where d=4 mm, and ranged from 1.6 to 2.2 mm.

The use of this invention will improve performance characteristics, namely, create a low-voltage electric detonator that prevents its accidental operation in all operating conditions except in cases of normal use.

For the claimed invention in the form as it is characterized in the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the above-described design solutions and the ability to achieve the specified technical result have been confirmed. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of “industrial applicability”.

Claims (7)

1. A low-voltage electric detonator, including a housing in which an initiating element, a propellant charge of an explosive (explosive), a propellant element in the form of a disk, a capsule and a detonator installed in a sleeve are placed in series, characterized in that the housing is made with an axial channel and is equipped with a safety element , installed perpendicular to the axis with overlapping of the axial channel, on one side of which there is an initiating element consisting of a current-conducting body, inside of which a dielectric block with a central electrode is installed along the axis, an initiator and a propellant charge in contact with it, installed in the body of the electric detonator in contact with the propellant element, on the opposite side of the safety element, a sleeve is fixed in the body with a capsule placed in it sequentially in the direction of detonation propagation, located between the piezoelectric element and the explosive detonator, while the height h along the axis of the thrown element is determined from the ratio: h = (0.4-0.55)d, where d is the diameter of the axial channel of the low-voltage electric detonator housing. 2. Low-voltage electric detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety element is made in the form of a rod. 3. Low-voltage electric detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric element is made of TsTS-19M piezoceramics. 4. Low-voltage electric detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the propellant charge is made of explosive (5-nitrotetrazolato-N2) pentamincobalt (III) perchlorate (NKT). 5. Low-voltage electric detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the detonator is made of high explosives.

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