RU2819449C1 - Crop spraying device and method of its use - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to spraying of crops. Crop spraying device comprises a plant growing unit housing, includes an upper chamber, a lower chamber, separated by a plant accommodation shelf, installed by means of attachment in the housing of the unit for growing plants, plants in the upper chamber, plant roots in the lower chamber, sprayers installed in the upper chamber, sprayers installed in the lower chamber, a drain branch pipe installed in the upper chamber, connected by a drain pipe through an electromagnetic valve with a fertilizer tank and a preparation tank, which in turn are connected by a pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a pump connected by a pipe to the sprayers of the upper chamber, a drain branch pipe installed in the lower chamber, connected by a drain pipe through an electromagnetic valve with a fertilizer container and a preparation container, which in turn are connected by a pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a pump connected by a pipe to the lower chamber sprayers, power supply connected to control device and high voltage source connected to ionizer, as well as a pump connected by a pipe to an ionizer, connected by a pipe through an electromagnetic valve to the sprayers.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to develop a device for spraying crops, which has high efficiency of treatment and reduced consumption of working solution for treatment.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to spraying crops.

State of the art

A known method of spraying involves creating an air flow, introducing a working fluid into it and spraying the surface being treated with an air-liquid flow, in which at least two such air flows are created, which, directing them symmetrically at an angle of 120-160°, preferably 135°, to the direction of movement of the sprayer, spray the treated surface back and to the sides of the sprayer and at the same time generate aerodynamic forces, the result of which moves the sprayer (See RF Patent No. 2282991, Class A 01 M 7/00).

There is a known method of spraying tree and shrub vegetation, including bending it and holding it in a bent position, spraying with a working solution and subsequent release, while during the release of tree and shrub vegetation, excess working fluid is moved from the upper surface of the inclined plants to the lower and lower tier plants. A device for spraying trees and shrubs, including a base machine with a tank for a working solution, a pump and a bending device consisting of a frame, bending and holding beams, rods with sprinklers, and the holding beam is equipped with a spring screen, on the lower surface of which a hygroscopic material is fixed , ending with linear elements protruding beyond the screen. (See RF Patent No. 2159544, Class A 01 M 7/00).

The disadvantages of analogues are the high consumption of working solution and the design complexity of the spraying device.

The method that is closest in technical essence and achieved effect and accepted by the authors as a prototype is the method of spraying agricultural crops with a pesticide solution by supplying air to it and obtaining a liquid-air mixture, while first, at a great distance from the hydraulic sprayers of the sprayer, a liquid-air mixture is prepared by supplying air pesticide solution, and then the liquid-air mixture is fed under pressure to hydraulic sprayers, upon exiting from which it is crushed and sprayed onto the crop in the form of a torch in drops with air bubbles, which, falling in small drops on the surface of the leaves of the sprayed crop, burst inside the liquid - air droplets, increasing their humidification, while the size of liquid-air droplets and their monodispersity in the torch emerging from the hydraulic sprayer are regulated by the amount of air supplied to the pesticide solution by changing from 0 to 0.8 shares of the pressure of the pesticide solution in the sprayer discharge line. (See RF Patent No. 2390128, Class A 01 M 7/00)

The prototype has the following disadvantages: low efficiency of treatment of the upper and lower sides of the treated plant; due to the dense application of drops, they stick together and flow off the surface of the plant, reducing the efficiency of treatment, increasing the consumption of the working solution.

Disclosure of the Invention

The objective of the present invention is to develop a device for spraying agricultural crops with increased processing efficiency and reduced consumption of the working solution for treatment.

The technical result that can be obtained using the proposed method is to increase the efficiency of plant treatment and reduce the consumption of working solution for plant treatment.

The technical result is achieved using a device for spraying agricultural crops, containing a block body for growing plants, including an upper chamber, a lower chamber separated by a plant placement shelf installed by means of fastening in the block body for growing plants, plants located in the upper chamber, plant roots located in the lower chamber, sprayers installed in the upper chamber, sprayers installed in the lower chamber, drain pipe installed in the upper chamber, connected by a drain pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a fertilizer container and a drug container, which in turn are connected by a pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a pump connected by a pipe to the upper sprayers chamber, a drain pipe installed in the lower chamber, connected by a drain pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a fertilizer container and a preparation container, which in turn are connected by a pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a pump connected by a pipe to the sprayers of the lower chamber, a power source connected to a control device and a high-pressure source voltage connected to the ionizer, as well as a pump connected by a pipe to the ionizer connected by a pipe through a solenoid valve with sprayers.

The technical result is achieved using a method of spraying agricultural crops using a device according to claim 1, which includes supplying air to the working solution, while the air acquires negatively charged ions passing through an ionizer, which is supplied with a voltage of 20 - 42 kV, and then mixed in sprayers upper and lower chambers, with a working solution at the exit, from which drops acquire a negative charge, while negatively charged drops of the working solution, falling on plants and plant roots having a positive charge, evenly adhere to the surface without sticking together, increase the efficiency of processing, and the remains of the working solution the solution is fed into containers with fertilizers and preparations, thereby reducing the consumption of the working solution.

Brief description of drawings

In fig. 1 – a device for spraying agricultural crops and a method of its use are presented.

Carrying out the invention

The device for spraying agricultural crops (Fig. 1) consists of a block housing for growing plants 1 including an upper chamber 2, a lower chamber 3 separated by a shelf for placing plants 4, installed using a fastener 5 in the housing of a block for growing plants 1, plants 6 located in the upper chamber 2, plant roots 7 located in the lower chamber 3, sprayers 8 installed in the upper chamber 2, sprayers 9 installed in the lower chamber 3, drain pipe 10 installed in the upper chamber 2, connected by a drain pipe (not indicated in Fig. 1) through an electromagnetic valve 11 with a fertilizer container 12 and a preparation container 13, which in turn are connected by a pipe (not marked in Fig. 1) through an electromagnetic valve 14 with a pump 15 connected by a pipe (not marked in Fig. 1) with sprayers 8 of the upper chamber 2, drain pipe 16 installed in the lower chamber 3, connected by a drain pipe (not indicated in Fig. 1) through an electromagnetic valve 17 with a fertilizer container 18 and a preparation container 19, which in turn are connected by a pipe (in Fig. 1. not indicated) through an electromagnetic valve 20 with a pump 21 connected by a pipe (not indicated in Fig. 1) with sprayers 9 of the lower chamber 3, a power source 22 connected to the control device 23 and a high voltage source 24 connected to the ionizer 25, as well as a pump 26 connected pipe (not indicated in Fig. 1) with an ionizer 25 connected by a pipe (not indicated in Fig. 1) through a solenoid valve 27 with sprayers 8 and 9.

The method of spraying agricultural crops operates as follows. Power supply 22 supplies 24 V to high voltage source 24, which converts 24 V into high voltage from 20 to 42 kV and supplies it to ionizer 25. Pump 26 supplies air ( ) into the ionizer 25. Under the influence of high voltage created by the high voltage source 24, the air passing through the ionizer 25 is ionized ( ) and, depending on the task of the control device 23, which sends a command to the solenoid valve 27, is supplied to the nozzles 8 of the upper chamber 2 or to the nozzles 9 of the lower chamber 3 of the body of the plant growing unit 1.

Depending on the requirement of the control device 23, which gives the command to the solenoid valve 14, a working solution ( ( ) for spraying plants 6 located on the plant placement shelf 4 installed using fasteners 5 in the body of the block for growing plants 1, to the sprayers 8. Also, depending on the requirement of the control device 23, which gives a command to the solenoid valve 20 and pump 21, it is possible apply working solution from a container with fertilizer 18 and a container with preparations 19 ( ) for spraying plant roots 7, sprayers 9.

When the working solution is reached ( ) and ionized air ( ) of sprayers 8 and 9, they are mixed and drops of the working solution are formed at the outlet, charged with a negative charge ( ). Plants 6 and roots of plants 7 have a positive charge, since they are connected to the positive electrode of the high voltage source 24, so the drops of the working solution are charged with a negative charge ( ) stick to the surface of plants 6 and plant roots 7, increasing the surface of treatment and the uniformity of their distribution, as well as reducing the consumption of the working solution ( ) when spraying.

The remaining working fluid is collected in the lower part of the upper chamber 2 and the lower chamber 3 and through the drain pipe 10 and the drain pipe 16, depending on the task of the control device 23, which commands the electromagnetic valves 11, 17, are returned to containers with fertilizer 12, 18 and containers with drugs 13 , 19, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of using working fluid for processing plants.

The voltage level of the high voltage source 24 should be from 20 to 42 kV, this is due to the fact that the relative air humidity can vary from 50 to 85%, while the distance between the flat and needle electrodes of the ionizer 25 is 20 mm.

During the operation of the spraying system, it is necessary to maintain equal pressure in the sprayers 8, 9 R _ion.air. =P _{working solution} , when mixing the working solution ( ) and ionized air ( ) at a level of 2 to 4 atm., which leads to increased efficiency when spraying agricultural crops.

Compared to the prototype and other known technical solutions, the proposed method of spraying crops has a number of advantages:

– due to the use of sprayers in which the working solution and ionized air are mixed, the efficiency of processing the upper and lower sides of the plant increases;

– due to the use of sprayers in which the working solution and ionized air are mixed, the efficiency of treatment of plant roots increases;

– due to the acquisition of charge from ionized air, a drop of the working solution increases the area and uniformity of distribution on the plant, while reducing the consumption of the treatment solution;

– due to the fact that the drops of the working solution have a negative charge of the same polarity, and the plant and plant roots have a positive charge, they do not stick together;

– due to the use of drain pipes in the upper and lower chambers, the remaining working solution is supplied to containers with fertilizers and preparations, thereby reducing the consumption of the working solution.

Claims (1)

A device for spraying agricultural crops, containing a block body for growing plants, including an upper chamber, a lower chamber, separated by a plant placement shelf installed by means of fastening in the block body for growing plants, plants located in the upper chamber, plant roots located in the lower chamber , sprayers installed in the upper chamber, sprayers installed in the lower chamber, drain pipe installed in the upper chamber, connected by a drain pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a fertilizer container and a drug container, which in turn are connected by a pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a pump connected by a pipe with the sprayers of the upper chamber, a drain pipe installed in the lower chamber, connected by a drain pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a fertilizer container and a preparation container, which in turn are connected by a pipe through an electromagnetic valve to a pump connected by a pipe to the sprayers of the lower chamber, a power source connected to a control device and a high voltage source connected to the ionizer, as well as a pump connected by a pipe to the ionizer, connected by a pipe through a solenoid valve to the sprayers.