RU2818125C1 - Method for differential diagnosis of aseptic arthritis, osteoarthrosis and purulent arthritis of knee joint in sheep - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to veterinary science, orthopaedics, and can be used for differential diagnosis of aseptic arthritis, osteoarthrosis and purulent arthritis of the knee joint in sheep. In synovial fluid volume, colour, length of mucin filament, total number of cells are determined, synoviogram is determined, in which the number of neutrophils, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils is counted, neutrophils with signs of phagocytic activity and neutrophils in a state of destruction, bacterial microflora, osteoblasts and osteoclasts are detected. Diagnosis of aseptic arthritis, osteoarthrosis or purulent arthritis is carried out in accordance with evaluation table 1 in the description with added reference values characteristic of aseptic arthritis, osteoarthrosis, purulent arthritis.

EFFECT: method enables differential diagnosis of aseptic arthritis, osteoarthrosis and purulent arthritis of the knee joint in sheep due to the study of the synovial fluid of the knee joint of sheep and the subsequent analysis of the results of laboratory studies based on evaluation table 1.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, to the section of veterinary orthopedics, and can be used for screening for pathologies of the knee joints in sheep when performing experimental studies, as well as in developing treatment methods and testing drugs on sheep as model objects for inducing osteoarthritis.

Joint pathologies in animals are widespread and are characterized by variability in etiology and pathogenesis, associated, in particular, with species and age characteristics [1]. Their development is due to both external causes (trauma), species predisposition due to the structural and functional characteristics of the musculoskeletal system, and endogenous factors (metabolic disorders). At the same time, the structure of orthopedic pathologies is dominated by lesions of large joints, in particular the knee, due to its high functional load [2,5].

When diagnosing arthropathy of the knee joint based on the results of an orthopedic examination, diagnostic errors often occur, which is due to the development of multipathology, usually combining a complex of changes in the structures of the joint. In these conditions, to verify the diagnosis, it is necessary to identify radiographic semiotics or tomography. In addition, to detect pathologies of the knee joint, as well as identify the nature and

morphological composition of synovial fluid according to indicators, assessing the volume, color, nature of the mucin clot, amount of protein, total number of cells, number of neutrophils, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, the presence of phagocytosis in neutrophils and neutrophils in a state of degeneration, the presence of bacterial microflora, osteoblasts and osteoclasts .

The results must be entered into an assessment table, which allows you to determine the stage and nature of the pathological process in the knee joint in sheep. After this, a diagnosis is made.

The technical result of applying the method for verifying the nature of arthropathy of the knee joint in sheep is the achievement of a diagnosis as a result of a study of the synovial fluid of the knee joint of sheep and subsequent analysis of the results of laboratory tests based on the evaluation table 1.

Table 1. Evaluation table of synoviogram of the knee joint in sheep with various arthropathy

Index,
units change Research results Nature of the pathological process
in the knee joint of sheep Reference values Aseptic arthritis Osteoarthritis Suppurative arthritis Color straw-yellow straw-reddish gray-brown straw-transparent Viscosity (length of mucin thread), cm 0–1.5 2–3 0-0.5 2.5±0.8 Volume, ml ≥ 0.8 ≤ 0.8 ≥ 2 1±0.3 Total cells/µl 6000±3000 2000±1000 ≥ 9000 ≤1000 Neutrophils, % 30-40 10-15 40-80 10–20 Mononuclear cells,% 15-25 25-55 ≤ 15 70-80 Lymphocytes,% 35-50 25-35 15-25 8-20 Eosinophils,% 0-2 0-1 0 0 Red blood cells,% single single none single Mononuclear cells with vacuolization/cytophagy, % 1-6 5-20 0-1 ≤ 1 Phagocytosis in neutrophils absent absent present absent Neutrophils in a state of destruction slightly none present none Bacterial microflora none none present either in single quantities absent Osteoblasts/osteoclasts none absent or isolated absent none

Aseptic arthritis is characterized by an increase in the content of total protein, a significant increase in the number of cells (up to 9000 cells/μl), and up to 40% of them are segmented neutrophils; the appearance of red blood cells is possible, which is associated with increased permeability of blood vessels.

In osteoarthritis, the synoviogram shows moderate cytosis, among which mainly synoviocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes are identified. At the same time, mononuclear cells predominate in the synoviogram, and the percentage of mononuclear cells with vacuolization and signs of phagocytic activity also increases.

With purulent gonarthritis, the volume of synovial fluid may increase, the cell content in it increases significantly, up to 12,000 cells/μl, the viscosity decreases and, as a result, the length of the mucin filament decreases. The cells are represented predominantly by segmented neutrophils, including those with signs of phagocytic activity of bacterial microflora and destruction, which serves as a marker of the septic process.

Example No. 1. Sheep, 13 months, body weight 27 kg. When examining the synovial fluid, a straw-yellow fluid is detected, a mucin filament is 1 cm, a volume is 1.5 ml, the total number of cells is 5500 cells/μl, neutrophils 33%, mononuclear cells 22%, lymphocytes 43%, eosinophils 2%, single erythrocytes. By comparing such data with the author’s table, it can be argued that the animal is developing aseptic gonarthritis.

Example No. 2. Sheep, 14 months, body weight 32 kg. When examining the synovial fluid, a gray-brown fluid is detected, a mucin filament is 0.2 cm, volume is 2.5 ml, the total number of cells is 9500 cells / μl, neutrophils 73%, mononuclear cells 12%, lymphocytes 15%, while phagocytosis is detected in neutrophils , neutrophils are in a state of destruction. By comparing such data with the author’s table, it can be argued that the animal is developing septic gonarthritis.

Bibliography:

1. Sotnikov, V.V. Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis / V.V. Sotnikov // Veterinary Petersburg. - 2014. - No. 1. - pp. 11-13.

2. Kontsevaya, S.Yu. Features of the composition of synovium in experimental synovitis of the knee joint in dogs / S.Yu. Kontsevaya, M.A. Derho, R.R. Lazutina // Scientific notes of the Kazan Veterinary Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after. N.E. Bauman. 2013. - Volume 214. - P.220-225.

3. Hurley C.R. Progression of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs with crania cruciate ligament rupture: 295 cases (2001-2005) / C.R. Hurley, D.L. Hammer, S. Shott // JAVMA. - 2007. - Vol (230). - No. 6. - pp. 1675-1679.

4. Ghosh P. Evaluation of the effects of diacerhein in the sheep model of arthritis/ P. Ghosh, A. Xu, S.Y. Hwa, D. Burkhardt, C. Little // Revue du Praticien. –1998. – Vol. 48(17). – P. 24-30.

5. Freeman, K.P. Veterinary cytology / K.P. Freeman. - Manson Publishing.- 2007.- 192 p.

6. Patent No. 2533216 C1 Russian Federation, IPC G01N 33/48, G01N 33/52. Method for determining the severity of the inflammatory process in osteoarthritis of the knee joint: No. 2013113795/15: application.

Claims (1)

A method for the differential diagnosis of aseptic arthritis, osteoarthrosis and purulent arthritis of the knee joint in sheep, characterized by the fact that the volume, color, length of the mucin thread, the total number of cells are determined in the synovial fluid, a synoviogram is determined, in which the number of neutrophils, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, detect neutrophils with signs of phagocytic activity and neutrophils in a state of destruction, bacterial microflora, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, while the diagnosis of aseptic arthritis, osteoarthrosis or purulent arthritis is carried out in accordance with the evaluation table 1 given in the description with added reference values characteristic of aseptic arthritis , osteoarthritis, purulent arthritis.