RU2817911C1 - Method for recovery of flowability of frozen cargoes in railway open-top wagon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating; transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for thermal heating of frozen loose materials for unloading mainly from open-top wagons. Method of restoring looseness of frozen cargoes in railway open-top wagon is carried out by a device fixed on sides of railway open-top wagon for restoring looseness of frozen cargoes in railway open-top wagons, the device comprises a heat treatment module made up of a heating tube plate with holes in the bottom part of the tubes and covered with heat-insulating material. Inlet of heat carrier to panel for heat treatment of cargo is connected by steam line to outlet of steam generator installed in container, where fuel tank and fuel pump, tank with feed water supply with pump are also located. Flexible steam line is connected by one end to the steam supply pipeline (14) to the tube plate, and by the other end it is connected to the output branch pipe of the steam generator. Open-top wagon is covered with heat-insulating material (18), steam generator is switched on and cargo is treated with steam-gas-air mixture with pressure of not more than 0.05 MPa with water vapor content of not more than 75 % vol. to complete heating of frozen cargo in open-top wagon.

EFFECT: invention provides for imparting flowability for all frozen cargo in railway open-top wagon, reduces energy costs, provides mobility, safety and possibility to unload frozen cargo in open-top wagons in open areas.

5 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to methods for thermal heating of frozen bulk materials for unloading mainly from railway gondola cars and can find application in industries where it is necessary to make materials (coal, ore, building materials) flowable before unloading on open, non-engineering sites.

The essence of the invention is to develop an autonomous mobile complex for imparting flowability to frozen cargo in railway gondola cars with a reduction in energy costs due to the efficient use of fuel combustion heat, reducing thermal energy losses to the environment and the possibility of defrosting cargo in gondola cars in open, unengineered areas.

There is a known method for unloading trolleys with an opening bottom, implemented in a device for a similar purpose according to the author. date USSR 1648874, class. B 65 G 67/24, publ. in BI 18, 1991, which consists in unloading cargo due to gravitational forces with the open bottom of the gondola car.

The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be used to unload compacted or frozen cargo.

There are also many known methods for restoring the flowability of frozen material in railway gondola cars by heating. To do this, gondola cars with frozen material are placed in a closed room, into which hot air, steam or other coolant is then supplied (description to USSR copyright certificates No. 641763, B65G 69/20, 1977, No. 1017628, B65G 67/24, 1983, No. 1615110 , class B65G 69/20, 1990, description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2025430, B65G 67/24, 1994, description of the patent of Ukraine No. 75246, B65G 69/20, 2006).

The disadvantage of these methods is their low efficiency, due to the high consumption of thermal energy and low efficiency associated with large thermal losses to the environment. In addition, the proposed methods are not acceptable for defrosting frozen cargo in cars in the open air on sites that are not equipped with engineering facilities.

A device for heating frozen cargo in a carriage is known (RF Patent 2395444, IPC B65G 69/20, B61D 3/00. Device for heating frozen cargo in a carriage. - Published 07/27/2010), consisting of side walls, floor and heating elements. Thermal insulation and shielding materials are fixed one after another on the side walls and floor of the car.

The disadvantage of the known device is the uneven heating of the load, which causes it to freeze to the metal screen, which is removed manually, which leads to damage to the structure, or additional thermal energy is required, which causes additional energy consumption and an increase in the heating time of the load.

A device is known for heating frozen bulk cargo in railway gondola cars, containing lower heating panels mounted on movable supports perpendicular to the axis of the railway track, connected to the drive, and an upper heating panel (USSR Author's Certificate No. 299145, class B 65 G 67/24, 1969).

The disadvantage of the known device is its low efficiency: only 30% of the heat is used to heat frozen bulk cargo.

There is a known method of restoring the flowability of frozen material in railway gondola cars by vibro-impact loosening. The method is as follows. Using a lifting device, the vibro-impact ripper is installed with a support frame on the upper frame of the gondola car body; both working bodies, together with the traverse, are lowered down until they come into contact with the surface of the frozen material. The electric motors of the vibrating hammers are turned on. The working bodies, under the influence of their own weight and vibration-impact load, go deeper into the frozen material, thereby loosening and destroying it (description to the USSR author's certificate No. 1184772, B65G 67/24, 1985).

The disadvantage of this known method is the high energy consumption for the destruction of the material. In order to destroy the lower crust (at the bottom of the car), it is necessary to first destroy the upper crust and compact it with penetrating wedge working bodies, which requires a large amount of energy. In addition, vibration-impact mechanisms can lead to deformation of the structure of a railway car, which will require additional costs for its repair.

There is a known method for heating railway gondola cars with frozen cargo (RF patent No. 2055800, IPC B65G 69/20, B65D 88/74, B65G 67/24, publ. 03/10/1996), the essence of which is that the gondola cars are placed in a convective type garage having at least one section and a loading gate. The coolant is supplied from the side of the loading opening with a gradual decrease in its temperature over the course of an hour from 200-220 to 130-140°C. The spent coolant is removed at the end of the section. An hour after the coolant is supplied, its supply is reduced by 2 times from the side of the loading opening, and the remaining coolant is supplied at a temperature of 130-140°C from the dead-end side, while the selection of waste coolant at the end of the section is blocked and it is taken from the middle part of the garage. The disadvantage of the known device is the low efficiency of heating the side and end walls of the gondola car, since heat is transferred only to the areas of the bottom and top of the gondola car and, in addition, the installation is complex in design and cannot be used in open areas.

The reason for the low efficiency of the above technical results is that the established practice in creating means for heating frozen cargo in a car involves, as a rule, the use of various types of thermal energy sources, and issues related to reducing losses of thermal energy used to heat frozen cargo in a car , due attention was not paid.

Taking into account the characteristics and analysis of known similar technical solutions, we can conclude that the task of creating means that allow for faster heating of frozen cargo in gondola cars with lower energy consumption and high efficiency of heat sources is relevant today.

There is a known DEVICE FOR RESTORING THE FLOWS OF FROZEN MATERIALS IN RAILWAY GONDOLA CARS WITH FLIPPING HATCHES (patent RU 2021189, published: 10/15/1994), containing a telescopic support mounted on the base with a section of pipes mounted on it, in which there are holes for steam outlet and installation pins, characterized in that the section of pipes is made in the shape of a ring and is equipped with flag-type protective canopies, which are mounted above the indicated holes, while the pins are rigidly fixed to them, and the base is mounted vertically.

The technical problem of this solution is that the thermal energy of the steam is directed to the bottom of the gondola car in the hatch area, due to which the frozen cargo, namely that part of it near the hatch that is subjected to steam treatment, thaws and falls off, while the rest of the frozen cargo is not treated and it cannot be removed.

The closest analogue is a device for heating frozen bulk cargo in railway gondola cars (SU 908724, publ.: 02/28/1982), containing lower heating panels installed on movable supports perpendicular to the axis of the railway track, connected to the drive, and an upper heating panel, characterized in that, in order to increase the heating efficiency, the upper heating panel is made in the form of a hollow cap, which is installed with the possibility of vertical movement by a drive to ensure contact with the upper end of the gondola car; Moreover, its plan dimensions correspond to the plan dimensions of the gondola car.

In the prototype for heating frozen bulk cargo in railway gondola cars, located in a thermal chamber, containing lower heating panels installed on movable supports perpendicular to the axis of the railway track, connected to the drive, and an upper heating panel, made in the form of a hollow cap, into which the coolant flows in the form of fuel combustion products from a heat generator.

The technical problem of the prototype is that thermal energy is transferred to the outer surface of the frozen cargo from the coolant (fuel combustion products from the heat generator) to the bottom of the gondola car from heating elements installed on movable supports perpendicular to the axis of the railway track, due to which the frozen cargo, namely that part of it , which is in contact with the heated surfaces of the car body, is subjected to heating, followed by thawing, which occurs through convective heat exchange between the heated surfaces of the gondola car body and the cargo. Restoration of flowability mainly occurs on top and at the side surfaces of the gondola car, and the most frozen layers are located in the volume and at the bottom of the gondola car. In the upper part of the car, the frozen cargo is exposed to heat from combustion products entering under the heating panel and creating gas pressure above the frozen cargo. When burning fuel, the volume of water vapor in the combustion products is no more than 8-10%, which, when in contact with the frozen surface of the cargo, condenses with the release of heat, which leads to the melting of ice and an increase in the flowability of the cargo.

The disadvantages of the known device also include the low energy efficiency of using the thermal energy of fuel combustion and prolonged heating of the frozen cargo in the car, which are caused by an insufficient amount of water vapor in the combustion products, large heat loss to the environment when it is transferred to the frozen cargo from the heating elements of the side and end walls of the gondola car , since heat transfer occurs only in the areas of the bottom and top of the gondola car.

The installation is complex in design and it is impossible to use it to make cargo flowable at an unloading site in the open air that is not equipped in engineering terms.

In addition, it is necessary to heat not only the material itself, but also the gondola car. At high coolant temperatures, it is necessary to provide cooling for some parts of the gondola car, for example parts of the chassis and brake system. and therefore it is necessary to install protective devices on the brake system before placing the gondola car in the heating chamber and remove them after removing the gondola car from the heating chamber. The disadvantage of this method is also the relatively low speed of the process of thawing frozen material, which causes irrational downtime of gondola cars.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of restoring the flowability of frozen cargo.

The technical result to which the claimed invention is aimed is to impart flowability to all frozen cargo in a railway gondola car, and ensure complete unloading of the gondola car, by reducing energy costs through the efficient use of fuel combustion heat, reducing thermal energy losses to the environment, as well as mobility and the ability to unload frozen cargo in railway gondola cars in open areas. In addition, maximum safety is ensured when defrosting flammable goods.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a method is claimed for restoring the flowability of frozen cargo in a railway gondola car using a device containing a module for heat treatment of cargo for fastening on the sides of a railway gondola car, characterized in that the module for heat treatment of cargo is made in the form of a heating tube sheet with holes in the lower part of the pipes and covered with heat-insulating material, and the steam inlet into the tube sheet is connected by a steam line to the output of a steam generator installed in a container, which also contains: a fuel tank and a fuel pump, a tank with a supply of feed water with a pump, and a module for heat treatment of the cargo installed and secured to the gondola car on the upper surface of the gondola car along its edges by the side holders, connect the flexible steam line with one end to the steam supply pipeline to the tube sheet, and the other end is connected to the outlet pipe of the steam generator, then the gondola car is covered with heat-insulating material, turn on the steam generator and carry out cargo processing steam-gas mixture with a pressure of no more than 0.05 MPa with a water vapor content of no more than 75% vol. until the frozen cargo in the gondola car is completely warmed up.

Preferably, the liquid fuel tank is connected to a steam generator via a fuel pump.

Preferably, the container also contains an electric diesel generator, a ventilation system, as well as a standby heating and lighting system, a remote control system and display of the status of the technical equipment of the complex.

Preferably, a gas cylinder is used as a fuel tank, and a steam generator powered by gas fuel is used as a steam generator.

Preferably, the period of heat treatment of frozen bulk cargo in a railway gondola car until flowability is restored, depending on the type of bulk cargo and the outside air temperature, is 1-3 hours.

Preferably, a gas steam generator is used, and a gas cylinder is used as a fuel tank.

Brief description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of connecting the device to the gondola car.

Figure 2 shows the container structure (side view with the casing removed and cross-section - top view).

Figure 3 shows the design of the module and its placement on the gondola car (A - side view of the gondola car, B - end view of the gondola car).

Figure 4 shows the module structure (top view) with the awning cover partially removed.

In the drawings: 1 - container, 2 - flexible steam line, 3 - cargo heat treatment module, 4 - gondola car, 5 - steam generator, 6 - steam generator outlet pipe, 7 - water container, 8 - water pump, 9 - water supply hoses steam generator, 10 - fuel tank, 11 - fuel supply pump, 12 - fuel hose, 13 - camlock, 14 - steam supply pipeline to the module, 15 - outlet of the steam supply pipeline to the module steam line, 16 - module steam line, 17 - support frame, 18 - heat-insulating material, 19 - side module holder.

Carrying out the invention

According to the invention, the device is an autonomous mobile complex consisting of a module for heat treatment of cargo, made in the form of a heating tube sheet with holes in the lower part of the pipes, which is fixed on the sides of a railway gondola car and covered with heat-insulating material, and the coolant inlet into the tube sheet is connected by a steam line with a steam generator installed in a container together with a fuel tank and a fuel pump, a tank with a supply of feed water with a pump.

If necessary, the container is connected to an electric diesel generator, equipped with a ventilation system, emergency heating and lighting, as well as a system for remote monitoring and display of the status of the complex’s technical equipment.

Container 1 of the autonomous mobile complex is installed on an open unloading area or truck, with the possibility of subsequent movement (see Figure 1). Container 1 is placed near the railway track, and module 3 for heat treatment of the cargo is connected to the outlet pipe 6 of the steam generator 5 through a flexible steam line 2, the other end of which is connected to the steam supply pipeline 14 to module 3, for example, through camlock 13 (see Fig. 2 , Fig.3).

Inside the container 1 there is equipment that ensures autonomous operation of the entire complex: a steam generator 5, to which a container 7 with a supply of feed water is connected through water supply hoses 9 and through water pumps 8; (in the case of using a steam generator operating on liquid, solid or gas fuel) a fuel tank 10, which is connected to the steam generator 5 through a fuel hose 12 and a fuel pump 11. The power supply of the steam generator 5 is carried out either from the electrical network, if there is one nearby, or from an electric diesel generator. If necessary, a ventilation system, emergency heating and lighting are installed inside the container, and container 1 is also equipped with a system for remote monitoring and display of the state of the technical equipment of the complex (not shown in the drawings).

Module 3 for heat treatment of cargo is a block for defrosting frozen cargo in gondola car 4. Module 3 consists of a heating tube sheet with a coolant (steam) inlet from the steam generator 5 through a flexible steam line 2 through camlock 13, then through a steam supply pipeline 14, which has a lower outlet 15, from which steam is redistributed into the steam line 16. The steam line 16 is a tube sheet of a closed pipeline system, where it has holes in the bottom of the steam line pipes 16. All elements of the module 3 are fixed to the support frame 17, which has side holders 19 at the edges for fastening to the sides of the gondola car 4.

The entire module 3 is fixed on the sides of the railway gondola car 4 and covered with a heat-insulating material, for example, an awning covering 18, which prevents steam from escaping into the atmosphere.

The work of imparting flowability to the frozen cargo in a gondola car begins with the installation of module 3 for heat treatment of the cargo on the upper surface of the gondola car 4 along its edges by the side holders 19. The flexible steam line 2 is connected at one end to the camlock 13, and at the other end it is connected to the outlet pipe 6 of the steam generator 5 Then the gondola car is covered with heat-insulating material 18.

After which the steam generator 5 is turned on and, through a flexible steam line 2, the coolant from the steam generator under the own pressure of the generated steam inside the steam generator in the form of a steam-gas mixture with a water vapor content of no more than 75% vol. enters the tube sheet of steam line 16. The steam-gas-air mixture through the lower holes of the tube sheet of steam line 16 enters the upper layer of the frozen cargo, in contact with which the thermal fluid condenses with the release of heat, heating and destroying the frozen conglomerate of the cargo, giving it flowability. In this case, the resulting drops of water, under the influence of the temperature of the coolant, turn into secondary steam, which, together with the coolant, heats the next layer of frozen cargo in gondola car 4, and the subsequent drops of water released from the frozen cargo in the gondola car again turn into steam. The thermal energy thus obtained is transferred to the volume of frozen cargo in the gondola car, warms it up and turns it from frozen into free-flowing.

After heating the frozen cargo in the gondola car, the mobile complex moves to the next gondola car with the frozen cargo located at the unloading area, and the entire process of making the frozen cargo flowable in the gondola car is repeated. In this way, heat is transferred from the combusted fuel to impart flowability to the frozen cargo in gondola car 4.

One of the main advantages of the claimed solution is that the steam generator 5 produces a steam-gas mixture to impart flowability, with a low oxygen content, which makes it impossible under any circumstances for the ignition of coal dust or an explosion when defrosting coal and ensures maximum safety and reliability when unloading such cargo .

The economic efficiency of the proposed device for heating frozen cargo in a gondola car is ensured due to the high efficiency of using the heat of fuel combustion energy supplied to the steam generator 5 through the fuel pump 11 and hose 12 from the fuel tank 10, as well as due to the heat of condensation of water vapor in the coolant and low losses heat into the environment, from which the heat-insulating material 18 protects.

The time of heat treatment of frozen bulk cargo in a railway gondola car until the flowability is restored, depending on the type of bulk cargo and the outside air temperature, is 1-3 hours.

At the same time, it is possible to defrost cargo on open, undeveloped sites, which leads to a reduction in capital costs and operating costs.

The claimed solution was tested on various models of steam generators, the characteristics of which are given in Table 1.

Table 1.

Steam generator model SPECIFICATIONS ST-350H ST-102Н ST-302Н ST-502Н Thermal power, kW 98 290 870 1450 Steam capacity, t/h 0.15 0.5 1.5 2.5 Working range
steam temperature, °C 100 - 200 100 - 200 100 - 200 100 - 200 Efficiency, % 97-99 97-99 97-99 97-99 Steam pressure, no more, MPa 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Electrical consumption power, kWt 1.0 5.5 15 35 Water consumption, l/min (m ³ / hour) 1.5 (0.09) 4 (0.24) 12 (0.72) 19 (1.14) Natural gas consumption, m ³ /hour 9 28 85 142 LPG (propane) consumption, kg/hour 8 23 69 115 Diesel fuel consumption, kg/hour 8 23 70 117 Heating oil consumption, kg/hour 8 23 70 116 Gas condensate consumption, kg/hour 10 25 75 125 Kerosene consumption, kg/hour 8.7 24 73 122 Installation weight, t 0.54 1.7 2.2 3.8 Dimensions (L × W × H), m 1.5×1.2×1.2 1.8×1.4×1.6 2.0×1.8×1.9 2.3×2.0×2.0

These steam generators do not require a chimney because... the entire steam-gas-air mixture formed during fuel combustion is sent to defrost the cargo to make it flowable.

The use of such steam generators results in virtually no environmental impact on the environment; there is no need for complex water treatment and water deaeration systems. The high efficiency of a steam generator with low steam pressure is due to the absence of a chimney and the fact that the components of thermal power are the heat of combustion of the fuel and the heat of condensation of water formed during the thermochemical reaction of fuel combustion.

For the operation of such steam generators you need:

- natural gas with pressure from 1.5 to 6 kg*s/ ^cm2 , diesel fuel, LPG, kerosene, light heating oil, gas condensate.

- power supply - 380/220V, 50 Hz,

- industrial water with a pressure of at least 3.5 kg*s/ ^cm2 .

It is also possible to use other types of steam generators, but they are less efficient and less environmentally friendly. It is also permissible to use electric steam generators, which also do not require a chimney, but have high energy consumption. Their use is possible only in places of access to high-power electrical networks.

The steam generator unit itself has a standard structure and consists of a heat-resistant combustion chamber, fuel, air and water supply systems. Does not require chimneys. Instant steam supply is provided - access to operating mode 15 seconds after turning on the unit. The operating temperature range of steam at the steam generator outlet is 100-200°C, steam pressure does not exceed 0.5 bar. Heating of water for technological needs or heating occurs in an atmospheric tank by direct steam supply (bubbling) through perforated pipes. The temperature of the heated water is up to 80°C. If necessary, steam generators are equipped with simple water softening systems. The high efficiency of the steam generator is due to the fact that the components of its thermal power are the heat of combustion of the fuel and the heat of condensation of water formed during the thermochemical reaction of fuel combustion.

The main advantages of steam generators are:

• multi-fuel;

• speed of start and stop - 15 seconds;

• absence of a chimney;

• high efficiency - 99%

• independence of steam temperature from pressure;

• one installation allows for the production of process steam and heated water;

• high homogeneity of process steam, stability of its thermodynamic parameters: heat capacity, temperature, pressure;

• the constant presence of maintenance personnel is not required;

• foundations and special structures for their installation are not required; steam generators can be installed directly near heat consumers, which makes it possible to practically eliminate heat losses during coolant transportation.

Claims (5)

1. A method for restoring the flowability of frozen cargo in a railway gondola car using a device containing a module for heat treatment of cargo for fastening on the sides of a railway gondola car, characterized in that the module for heat treatment of cargo is made in the form of a heating tube sheet with holes in the lower part of the pipes and covered with a heat-insulating material material, and the steam inlet into the tube sheet is connected by a steam line to the output of the steam generator installed in the container, which also contains: a fuel tank and a fuel pump, a container with a supply of feed water with a pump, and the module for heat treatment of the cargo is installed and secured to the gondola car on the upper surface gondola car along its edges by the side holders, connect the flexible steam line at one end to the steam supply pipeline into the tube sheet, and connect the other end to the outlet pipe of the steam generator, then the gondola car is covered with heat-insulating material, turn on the steam generator and process the cargo with a steam-gas mixture with a pressure of no more than 0, 05 MPa with a water vapor content of no more than 75% vol. until the frozen cargo in the gondola car is completely warmed up. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the period of heat treatment of frozen bulk cargo in a railway gondola car until flowability is restored, depending on the type of bulk cargo and the outside air temperature, is 1-3 hours. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a gas steam generator is used, and a gas cylinder is used as a fuel tank. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel tank for liquid fuel is connected to a steam generator through a fuel pump. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the container also contains an electric diesel generator, a ventilation system, as well as a standby heating and lighting system, a remote control system and display of the status of the complex’s technical equipment.