RU2816544C1 - Method of diagnosing slippage of rolling bodies in bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for diagnosing the technical state of rolling bearings and can be used in all units of mechanical systems with rolling bearings. In the method, by measuring parameters of the electric signal of strain gauges installed on the outer ring of the bearing, the value of frequency of rolling of the rolling bodies on the ring is selected as the observation parameter of the measured electric signal of the strain gauges. At that spectral analysis of electric signal is performed, value of rolling bodies rolling on ring is calculated during normal operation of bearing, and value of rolling bodies rolling on ring frequency is measured and compared with its calculated value. Occurrence of rolling bodies slippage is diagnosed if the measured value of rolling frequency is less than its design value corresponding to standard operation of the bearing.

EFFECT: higher reliability.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for diagnosing the technical condition of rolling bearings, namely diagnosing the slippage of the rolling elements of a bearing using dynamic strain gauges of the rings to increase reliability. The invention can find application in all components of mechanical systems that have rolling bearings.

Traditionally, the vibrography method is used to diagnose the technical condition of machines and mechanisms (GOST ISO 10816-1-97). The primary transducer for this method is a vibration sensor installed on machine bodies. The main disadvantage of vibrography is the remoteness of the vibration sensor from the signal source, especially from the rotor elements, which leads to the inability to control the processes occurring inside the machine when the sensitivity of the vibration sensor is not enough

In addition to the loads absorbed by the rolling bearings, to assess their performance, it is necessary to diagnose the slippage of the rolling elements during operation of the bearing assembly. This diagnostics is especially relevant for bearing assemblies of multi-mode products, when in order to introduce measures aimed at ensuring the operability of bearings, it is necessary to know in what mode the rolling elements slip.

The closest to the invention is a diagnostic method by measuring and analyzing the parameters of the electrical signal of strain gauges measuring ring deformation installed on the outer ring of a bearing, comparing their values with data obtained on a reference installation, while force calibration is performed for strain gauges (invention No. 2789616, IPC G01M 13 /04 publ. 02/06/2023). The assessment of the effective loads is carried out at the operating speeds of the bearing. The disadvantage of this method is the inability to determine the occurrence of a defect associated with slipping of the rolling elements, which in the future can lead to failure of the unit in which the rolling bearing is mounted.

The technical result that this technical solution is aimed at achieving is to increase the reliability of the operation of rolling bearings, due to the timely detection of slippage of the rolling elements, and the implementation of the necessary preventive measures to eliminate it.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method for diagnosing the slippage of rolling elements in a bearing, by measuring the parameters of the electrical signal of strain gauges installed on the outer ring of the bearing, in contrast to the known one, the value of the frequency of rolling of the rolling elements along the ring is selected as an observation parameter for the measured electrical signal of strain gauges , perform a spectral analysis of the electrical signal, calculate the frequency of rolling elements rolling along the ring during normal operation of the bearing, measure and compare the frequency value of rolling elements rolling along the ring with its calculated value, diagnose the onset of slipping of the rolling elements - if the measured value of the rolling frequency is less than it calculated value corresponding to the normal operation of the bearing.

The drawing shows an example of a strain gauge reading: the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the electrical signal and the frequency spectrum in the mode under study.

The method is carried out as follows.

Calculate the frequency of rolling elements rolling along the ring in the mode under study. Next, strain gauges are installed on the outer ring of the bearing. A bearing with strain gauges is mounted in the mechanism. When testing the mechanism, the readings of the electrical signal from the strain gauges are recorded, a spectral analysis is carried out, and the frequency values of the rolling elements rolling along the ring measured by the strain gauges are compared with the value corresponding to the calculated value of the rolling elements rolling during normal operation of the bearing. If the actual value of the frequency of rolling of the rolling elements along the ring is less than the calculated value corresponding to the normal operation of the bearing, then the onset of slipping of the rolling elements is diagnosed and the necessary measures are taken to eliminate it.

Example

Calculation is carried out using formula (1) to determine f _n - the frequency value of rolling elements rolling along the outer ring in the studied mode during normal operation of the bearing:

, (1)

where f _wr is the rotation frequency of the movable ring relative to the fixed one;

d _TK - rolling body diameter;

d _C is the diameter of the circle passing through the centers of the rolling elements (cage diameter);

α is the angle of contact between bodies and raceways;

z is the number of rolling bodies.

During operation of the mechanism, the readings of the electrical signal are recorded from the strain gauge located on the bearing ring to the control and measuring equipment, a spectral analysis is carried out in the mode under study and the actual value of the rolling elements rolling frequency is determined (drawing). If the measured value is less than its calculated value, then slippage of the rolling elements is diagnosed, which is unacceptable.

The use of this method for diagnosing a defect in the slippage of rolling elements in a bearing allows it to be identified at an early stage.

Thus, this technical solution makes it possible to increase the reliability of rolling bearings due to early detection of defects associated with slipping of rolling elements.

Claims (1)

A method for diagnosing the slippage of rolling elements in a bearing by measuring and analyzing the parameters of the electrical signal of strain gauges installed on the outer ring of the bearing, characterized in that the value of the frequency of rolling the rolling elements rolling along the ring is selected as a parameter for observing the measured electrical signal, a spectral analysis of the electrical signal is performed, and the value is calculated the frequency of rolling elements rolling along the ring during normal operation of the bearing is measured and the value of the frequency of rolling elements rolling along the ring is compared with its calculated value; the onset of slipping of the rolling elements is diagnosed if the measured value is less than its calculated value corresponding to the normal operation of the bearing.