RU2816528C2 - Method of distributing residual flow of crop harvested by combine harvester and combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of distributing residual flow of crop harvested by combine harvester, in which flow of harvested crop is treated by means of at least one axial separator and the resulting crop residual flow is ejected from the combine harvester by means of at least two ejection devices. Axial separator contains a movable guide element, by means of which the residual flow of the removed crop leaving the axial separator is distributed on the working element located behind the axial separator. Actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop is recorded on two ejection devices. When detecting deviation of the actual distribution from the preset distribution, the guide element is adjusted by changing the speed of the guide element so that the actual distribution at least approaches the preset distribution. Combine harvester comprises at least one axial separator for processing the flow of the harvested crop and at least two ejection devices for ejection of the residual flow of the harvested crop from the combine harvester. Axial separator contains at least one movable guide element, by means of which it is possible to distribute the residual flow of the harvested crop coming out of the axial separator on the working element located behind the axial separator. At least one sensor device provides for the possibility of recording data relating to the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop on the ejection devices, and at least one control unit provides for the possibility of processing data recorded by the sensor device. Control unit and guide element are indirectly or directly connected to each other, so that it is possible to transmit control instructions, which can be generated by the control unit depending on the recorded data, in the direction of the guide element to change the speed of the guide element.

EFFECT: improved distribution of residual flow of the harvested crop on the field.

15 cl, 9 dwg

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to a method for operating a grain harvester in accordance with the restrictive part of paragraph 1 of the formula. The invention also relates to a grain harvester in accordance with the restrictive part of paragraph 12 of the claims.

State of the art

A combine harvester typically includes a threshing member configured to separate fruit from harvested plants, which must be obtained separately from plant debris. The mixture of separated fruits and plant residues in the form of a flow of harvested crop from the threshing organ is directed to at least one axial separator located behind it. The latter, as a rule, is made with a housing having a circular cross-section, as well as with an axial rotor located in it. The longitudinal axis of the axial rotor runs parallel to the central axis of the housing. By actuating the axial rotor, a portion of the harvest crop, at least substantially consisting of separated fruits, is separated from the crop flow. This directs the crop stream into a residual crop stream that is discharged from the rear end of the combine harvester. After treatment with the axial separator, the residual crop stream is at least substantially free of fruit. In known combine harvesters, as a rule, several axial separators are used in parallel, in particular two axial separators.

The residual flow of the harvested crop from the axial separator is transferred to the working body of the combine harvester located behind it, in particular the chopping body, and the residual flow of the harvested crop is distributed across the width of the working body by means of a movable guide element. If the working body is made in the form of a grinding body, the working body, as a rule, contains an extended output shaft with breaker knives located on it. They serve for processing, in particular cutting or crushing the residual flow of the harvested mass. This is important, in particular, in cases where the residual crop discharged from the combine harvester is not further used, in particular, it is not collected from the field and is not sent for further use. The benefit of chopping the residual crop is to speed up its biological decomposition and the associated return of nutrients to the soil.

To distribute the residual flow of the harvested crop, the combine harvester contains at least two ejection devices, to which the residual flow of the harvested crop is transferred downstream from the working body located behind the axial separator. Typically, the first ejection device corresponds to the left side of the working element, and the second ejection device corresponds to the right side. By means of ejection devices, the residual flow of the harvested crop is ejected from the combine harvester. The ejection device may in particular be a centrifugal blower, by means of which the residual flow of the harvested crop is accelerated and then distributed as evenly as possible over the field.

A method of the type described above is already known from the prior art. As an example, we can cite the European patent document EP 2364587 B1. It refers to an axial separator for a combine harvester equipped with a movable guide element. By means of the guide element, a technical effect is achieved in that the residual crop transferred from the axial separator to the grinding element is distributed on the grinding element as evenly as possible. For this purpose, the guide element interacts with the actuator element, through which it is possible to move the guide element relative to the body of the axial separator. In this case, the guide element is located in the area of passage of the transmitted residual flow of the harvested crop, so that the residual flow of the harvested crop falls on the guide element and thereby makes it possible to redirect it. By moving the guide element, it is possible to change the deviation of the residual flow of the harvested crop and thereby direct the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop on different areas of the grinding body.

Despite these measures, it turned out that it was necessary to further improve the distribution of the residual crop flow in the field. This applies in particular to the distribution of residual fruits contained in the residual flow of the harvested crop, which, when released onto the field, re-sprout and take root. The non-optimal distribution of these residual fruits results in the fact that a large concentration of residual fruits ends up in strip-like areas, due to which the soil in these areas is compacted by the formed roots. This makes subsequent agricultural cultivation of the soil difficult. Thus, it is desirable to distribute as uniformly as possible the residual flow of the harvested crop along with the fruits it contains on the field, so that local soil compaction is as less pronounced as possible.

Disclosure of the invention

The objective of the proposed invention is to further improve the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop on the field.

The problem was solved by a method with the features of paragraph 1 of the claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are disclosed in dependent claims 2-11 of the claims.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop is recorded on at least two ejection devices. Then, when determining the deviation of the detected actual distribution from the predetermined distribution, the guide element of the axial distributor is adjusted so that the actual distribution at least approaches the predetermined distribution.

The recording of the actual distribution can advantageously be carried out by at least one sensor device at at least one measuring location located downstream of the axial separator, the sensor device recording data relating to the actual distribution. The data registered in this way is sent to the control unit and processed through it. Checking for the above-mentioned deviation of the actual distribution from the target distribution can be carried out particularly simply by means of such a control unit.

According to an embodiment, it is possible, for example, that in the transfer area between the working element, designed as a grinding element, and at least two ejection devices, data are recorded at at least one measuring point by means of a sensor device, on the basis of which it is possible to determine the ratio, in which the ejection devices are loaded with residual crop from the grinding organ. Thus, these data describe the above-mentioned actual distribution. The predetermined distribution may in particular include a balanced distribution ratio, according to which the residual crop is distributed in a ratio of 50:50, so that both ejection devices are equally loaded with residual crop. By means of a sensor device, the actual distribution deviating from the specified distribution is registered and sent to the control unit. In this embodiment, the control unit is configured to generate control instructions depending on a certain deviation of the actual distribution from the specified distribution and transmit them to the guide element. The guide element is thereby adjusted in such a way that the actual distribution at least approaches the predetermined distribution. As a result, on the working body there is a feedback between the actual actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop and a predetermined distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop, which is mainly implemented constantly. The sensor device, the control unit and the guide element thereby form a control circuit. The control frequency of the control circuit thus formed can be, for example, 10 Hz. Other control frequencies, both higher and lower, are also possible.

The method according to the invention has many advantages. In particular, it helps to optimize the distribution of the residual crop flow, so that the residual crop is distributed as evenly as possible across the field when discharged from the combine harvester. In particular, the control of the guide element can have a direct or indirect effect on the actual distribution of the residual crop flow, which thereby at least approaches the predetermined distribution, and ideally achieves the predetermined distribution. As a result, the residual flow of the harvested crop is distributed particularly evenly across the field.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a control unit can be used, by means of which, depending on the deviation of the actual distribution from the target distribution, control instructions are generated and directly or indirectly sent to the guide element. In particular, the control instructions can be sent to the actuator of the guide element, by means of which the guide element is actuated. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, characteristic fields are stored in the control unit (or in its memory), with the help of data from which the actual distribution of the residual crop flow is correlated with the movement characteristic of the guide element, so that on the basis of such characteristic fields it can be determined which Thus, the motion characteristic of the guide element must be changed in order to change the actual distribution towards the expected target distribution.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that data regarding the actual distribution of the residual crop flow is recorded by means of several sensor devices. The sensor devices are preferably located at different measurement locations. This allows for better monitoring of changes in the actual distribution of the residual crop flow and more targeted and timely delivery of control instructions to the guide element.

It may also be advantageous to implement the method according to the invention in which the adjustment of the guide element is carried out automatically. This can occur, in particular, depending on the control algorithm incorporated in the control unit, which, depending on the recorded data, automatically transmits the control instructions derived from them to the guide element and thus influences its movement. It is possible, for example, to change the speed of movement of the guide element, changing the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop, transmitted from the axial distributor to the working body, made in the form of a grinding body. In this case, a change in the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop across the width of the grinding element has a predictable effect on the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop leaving the grinding element in the ejection devices located behind it. So, for example, it is possible that when the cultivated field is inclined, the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop across the width of the grinding element becomes asymmetrical due to the action of gravity, so that, for example, a larger part of the residual flow of the harvested crop falls on the left side of the grinding element than on the right. This would cause uneven loading of the ejection devices and, as a consequence, a deviation from the target distribution, which in this example case is a balanced distribution ratio between the ejection devices. Such uneven loading of the ejection devices can be counteracted by changing the movement characteristics of the guide element. The latter can, for example, be moved in such a way that the residual crop flow is strongly directed to the right side of the chopping element, so that both halves of the chopping body (and, as a consequence, both ejection devices) are loaded as evenly as possible with the residual crop flow. The automatic adjustment of the guide element makes the intervention of the machine operator unnecessary, and in particular makes it possible to constantly adjust the guide element. In this way, the control loop according to the invention can be operated at a high sampling frequency, so that the actual distribution is constantly influenced in order to maintain a predetermined distribution.

In a particularly preferred case, data concerning the actual distribution of the residual crop flow is recorded continuously, preferably at a frequency of at least 10 Hz. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous if control instructions are constantly sent to the guide element, and in particular the speed of movement of the guide element is constantly changed. With this procedure, the distribution of the residual crop flow in the field is carried out under constant observation, thanks to which, when the deviation of the actual distribution from the predetermined distribution is detected, measures are taken directly, so that the deviation is at least reduced.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in addition to the actual distribution of the residual crop flow, other data are recorded. These data may be, for example, the type of crop being harvested, the prevailing harvesting conditions, the machine data of the combine harvester and/or the specified swath width of the crop residue discharged. Data regarding the crop to be harvested can, for example, be set by the operator of the combine harvester machine before harvesting begins, and this information generally does not change during the harvesting process. Data on harvesting conditions, such as, for example, weather conditions (wind, rain, etc.), environmental conditions (field slope, soil conditions, etc.), operating conditions of the combine harvester (travel speed, expected percentage of residual grains, etc.) can in each case be collected individually at a time, collected periodically or continuously. The machine data of the combine harvester generally remains unchanged during the current harvesting process. The data regarding the target swath width can in particular be preset by the machine operator and can then be taken into account accordingly. Such additional data can be processed in particular by the control unit, so that they can additionally be taken into account when generating control instructions for the guide element. In this way, the distribution of the residual crop flow in the field can be further improved.

In addition to regulating the at least one guide element of the at least one axial separator, it can be advantageous if the control unit generates control instructions for at least one distribution tray of the distribution device located downstream of the ejection devices and directs them to the corresponding distribution tray. The latter is positioned to move relative to the rest of the distribution device, so that by moving the guide element, the ejection characteristic of the residual flow of the harvested crop changes. The distribution device contains several distribution trays configured to fan out the residual flow of the harvested crop issued by the ejection devices. This is typically required to distribute the residual crop flow over a width significantly greater than the width of the rear end of the combine harvester. In particular, it is desirable to distribute the residual flow of the harvested crop across the width of the combine harvester header, since the latter determines the working width of the combine harvester. Thus, the uniform distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop across the working width of the combine harvester completely covers the area of the field onto which the residual flow of the harvested crop is dumped. This is encouraged in order to minimize the density of fruits remaining in the residual crop flow per fraction of the field area.

In the case of the distribution device disclosed above, it is also advantageous if at least one measuring point is located on or inside the distribution device, in which data concerning the actual distribution of the residual crop flow is recorded by means of at least one sensor device. These data can then be compared with a predetermined distribution by means of the control unit, after which the control unit generates control instructions for at least one adjustable distribution tray and sends them indirectly or directly to the distribution tray. In this way, the distribution tray can be moved relative to the rest of the distribution device, so that the actual distribution of the residual crop flow at least approaches the desired distribution. In order to move the distribution pan, the latter can interact, for example, with an electrical or hydraulic actuator.

From the point of view of the device, the problem underlying the invention is solved by a grain harvester with the features of paragraph 12 of the claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are disclosed in dependent claims 13-16. The combine harvester according to the invention contains at least one sensor device, by means of which it is possible to record data regarding the actual distribution of the residual crop flow on at least two ejection devices. Further, the combine harvester according to the invention contains at least one control unit, by means of which it is possible to process the data recorded by the sensor device. The sensor device and the control unit are connected to each other with the ability to transmit data, for example, via a physical line or wirelessly, so that it is possible to route data from the sensor device to the control unit. The control unit and the guide element are also connected to each other in a data transfer manner, so that it is possible to send control instructions from the control unit indirectly or directly to the guide element. The guide element can in particular interact with an actuator element, which receives control instructions and carries out a corresponding movement of the guide element.

The method according to the invention is particularly easy to implement using the combine harvester according to the invention. The advantages of this have already been described above. In particular, it is possible to at least bring the actual distribution of the residual crop flow closer to a given distribution, which makes it possible to achieve a more uniform distribution of the residual crop flow in the field compared to the prior art.

The combine harvester according to the invention is also equipped with at least one sensor device located in at least one measuring location in the fall region of the working element, designed as a chopping element. The drop area of the grinding element describes the area into which the residual crop from the axial separator falls in the grinding element. By positioning the sensor device at this measuring point, it is possible to record the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop across the width of the grinding element.

Alternatively or additionally, at least one sensor device can be located at at least one measuring location on or in the bottom pan of such a grinding element. By positioning the sensor device at such a measuring location, it is possible to register the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop inside the grinding element. The combination of this measuring location with the above-disclosed measuring location in the drop region of the chopper is particularly advantageous for enabling dynamic monitoring of the distribution of the residual crop flow across the width of the chopper. In particular, there may be movements of the residual crop flow in the direction of the width of the chopper, due to the operation of the chopper, which cannot be taken into account when recording only data relating to the actual distribution of the residual crop flow, for example, in the area of fall of the chopper.

Finally, it can also be advantageous if at least one sensor device is located at at least one measuring location on the distribution device located downstream of the ejection devices. Placing a sensor device at this measurement location may be an alternative to or in addition to the measurement locations disclosed above. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the sensor devices are located at all three measuring locations described. A particular advantage of the measuring point located in the distribution device is that the data recorded there provides information about the actual distribution of the residual crop flow just before it leaves the combine harvester. A change in the movement characteristics of the guide element has only an indirect effect on the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop in the distribution device, but allows one to identify a correlation between changes in the movement characteristics of the guide element and the distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop in the distribution device. In addition, the placement of at least one sensor device in the distribution device allows the at least one distribution tray of the distribution device to be adjusted, as described above.

Recording data at multiple measurement locations provides some degree of traceability of residual crop leaving the axial separator until it exits the combine harvester. In this way, it is especially possible to monitor the influence of changes in the motion characteristics of the guide element.

Finally, it is particularly advantageous to implement a combine harvester in which at least one sensor device is designed as a measuring rod. Such a measuring rod comprises several sensor elements spaced apart from each other, preferably distributed at regular intervals on the measuring rod. In particular, it is possible that a sensor device in the form of a measuring rod extends across the width of the observed area, which makes it possible to record the lateral distribution of the residual crop in the corresponding area. In the case of a sensor device located, for example, in the area of fall of the grinding element, the sensor device, made in the form of a measuring rod, can extend across the entire width of the grinding element, with several, for example five, sensor elements distributed along the length of the measuring rod. Data recorded in this way is particularly well suited for estimating the actual distribution of crop residual flow. By providing such data, the control unit can generate particularly targeted control instructions for the guide element and also monitor changes in the actual distribution due to these control instructions.

Brief description of drawings

The invention is discussed in detail below using the example of an embodiment shown in the figures, which depict:

fig. 1 is a cross-section of a combine harvester according to the invention,

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the rear end of the axial separator, as well as the working element located behind it, made in the form of a grinding element,

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the distribution of residual crop emerging from the axial separator onto the grinding element when the guide element is in the first position,

fig. 4 is a schematic view according to FIG. 3, the guide element being in the second position,

fig. 5 is an axonometric view of the grinding body, with a sensor device located in the area where the grinding body falls,

fig. 6 is a rear view of the grinding element according to FIG. 5,

fig. 7 is a perspective view of the bottom region of the grinding body, with a sensor device located in the bottom tray of the grinding body,

fig. 8 is a perspective view of a switchgear equipped with a sensor device and

fig. 9 is another view of the distribution device according to FIG. 8.

Carrying out the invention

The embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1-9, includes a combine harvester 1 according to the invention, equipped with an axial separator 2. The latter is located behind the threshing element 3, from which the flow of the harvested crop is transferred to the axial separator 2. By means of the threshing element 3, the harvested plants are processed in such a way as to separate the fruits from plant remains. Most of the fruits are removed through the concave 25 directly in the direction of the transport devices 26, through which it is possible to transport the fruits to the grain tank 27. The plant remains, together with the residual fruits that were not separated directly by the threshing element 3, are transferred to the axial separator 2. Thus, the residual fruits and plant remains together form a crop flow. The axial separator 2 serves to separate the fruits contained in the transferred stream of the harvested crop from plant residues in order to ensure the most complete extraction of fruits possible. By means of the axial separator 2, the flow of the harvested crop due to the separation of the portion of the crop formed by the fruits is redirected into the residual flow of the harvested crop. The latter consists essentially of plant remains, however, as a rule, it also contains a residual proportion of fruits.

Fruit separation is carried out by means of a rotating axial rotor 5, configured to rotate around its longitudinal axis 23, and an axial separator 2 installed inside the housing 3. At the rear end of the axial separator 2, opposite the threshing element, the latter contains a guide element 7, in this case formed by a guide pan and made curved in accordance with the bend of the housing 3. The guide element 7 is made movable relative to the housing 3 and interacts for this purpose with the electro-hydraulic actuator 31, through which it is possible to activate the guide element 7. The residual flow of the harvested crop leaving the axial separator 2 , guided inside the housing 3 in a spiral or helical manner, leaves the axial separator 2 concentrated in a limited coverage area of the housing 3. The guide element 7 corresponds to this coverage area, so that the guide element 7 can influence the movement of the residual flow of the harvested crop. In particular, the guide element 7 enters into the area of movement of the residual crop flow, so that the residual crop flow, when leaving the axial separator 2, can enter the guide element 7 and can thereby be redirected. By moving the guide element 7 relative to the body 3, the effect of the guide element 7 on the type or intensity of redirection of the residual crop flow can be changed. As a consequence, the residual flow of the harvested crop is transferred to the working body 6 located behind the axial separator 2 in different ways, depending on the position of the guide element 7. In this case, the working body is made in the form of a grinding body.

The working body 6 is located vertically under the axial separator 2, so that the residual crop emerging from the axial separator 2 somehow falls into the working body 6. The working body 6 contains an extended shaft 28, on the outer side surface of which there are many breaker knives 29.

The latter are hinged on the shaft 28, so that during the rotation of the shaft 28 around the drive axis 30 of the working body 6, due to the action of centrifugal forces, they are thrown radially outward. The kinetic energy acting during the rotation of the shaft 28 is used to grind the residual crop falling into the working body 6 using breaker knives 29. The shaft 28 of the working body 6 runs along the width 8, which is the width 8 of the working body 6. By means of the guide element 7, it is further provided for the possibility of distributing the residual flow of the harvested crop along the width 8 of the working body 6, so that the working body 6 along its width 8 is as even as possible covered with residual culture. As a consequence, the further transfer of the crushed residual crop to the downstream ejection devices 9 is carried out with distribution into equal parts, which in turn contributes to the uniform ejection of the residual crop from the rear end of the combine harvester 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the combine harvester 1 contains a total of two ejectors devices 9 located next to each other and located behind the working body 6. As a result, the position of the guide element 7 in the axial separator 2 has an indirect effect on how the residual crop is distributed on the field during its ejection from the combine harvester 1. As a consequence, changing the position of the guide element 7 relative to the housing 4 of the axial separator 2 leads to a change in the distribution of the residual crop in the field.

The combine harvester 1 is equipped with a control circuit, which in this embodiment includes a sensor device 10 and a control unit 14. The sensor device 10 serves to record data regarding the actual distribution of the residual crop downstream of the axial separator 2, and to forward this data to the control unit 14. This can be done in particular via wire 17. However, wireless data transmission is also possible. It is possible to process the recorded data by means of the control unit 14, so that it is possible to generate control instructions for the guide element 7. The latter in this embodiment is connected to the control unit 14 via a wire 18, so that it is possible to at least indirectly send control instructions to the block 14 regulation. The guide element 7 contains an actuator 31, in this embodiment formed by an electro-hydraulic cylinder. The actuating element 31 is configured to be driven by the control unit 14, so that the guide element 7 moves. Thanks to feedback via data recorded by the sensor device 10, it is possible to regulate this movement in such a way as to change the distribution of the residual crop leaving the axial separator 2 along the width 8 of the working element 6 located behind it. In particular, in the control unit 14 or in its memory At least one predetermined distribution is stored in the device, with which the actual distribution recorded by the sensor device 10 can be compared. In this way, it is possible to determine the deviation of the actual distribution from the predetermined distribution, whereby it is possible to generate control instructions for the guide element 7. Predetermined distribution , in particular, may provide for a balanced distribution ratio of the residual flow of the harvested crop on both ejection devices 9.

Thus, by means of the sensor device 10 located at the measuring point 11 in the fall region 19 of the working body 6, it is possible, for example, to determine that the left side of the working body 6 receives a larger share of the residual crop flow transmitted from the axial separator 2 than the right side. As a consequence, the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop when exiting the working body 6 and when transferred to the ejection devices 9 is asymmetrical. However, the predetermined distribution provides for an even distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop on both ejection devices 9. The difference between the actual distribution and the predetermined distribution is converted by means of the control unit 14 in such a way that a control indication is sent to the actuator 31 of the guide element 7, as a result of which the guide element 7 moves . This movement is carried out in such a way that the deflection caused by the guide element 7 and the resulting distribution of the residual crop flow on the working body 6 changes in such a way that a larger proportion of the residual crop flow falls on the right side of the working body 6 than before. The indirect outcome of these measures is that the actual distribution approaches the target distribution.

Particularly preferably, the guide element 7 is constantly moved relative to the housing 3 of the axial separator 2 in order to constantly distribute the residual flow of the harvested crop across the width 8 of the working body 6. In particular, the guide element 7 can carry out a “pendulum” movement, during which the guide element 7 is constantly moved between opposite extreme positions. This is particularly clearly seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, in which the guide element 7 is shown in different positions, which in turn correspond to different distribution areas 24 into which the residual crop flow leaving the axial separator 2 is distributed. Thus, the pendulum movement The guide element 7 is particularly advantageous in order to constantly load the working element 6 with residual crop evenly over its entire width 8 and thereby achieve a corresponding uniform loading of the ejection devices 9.

By means of the control unit 14, in particular, it is possible to control the actuator 31 of the guide element 7 in such a way as to change the movement characteristic of the guide element 7. This achieves the effect that the residual flow of the harvested crop begins to be distributed in a different way than before the change movement characteristics. In this case, the influence on the movement characteristics of the guide element 7 is due to the fact that the deviation of the residual flow of the harvested crop through the guide element 7 leads to a distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop on the working body 6, which is at least closer to the specified distribution than the actual distribution before the change movement characteristics. Since data concerning the distribution of the residual crop flow is continuously recorded by means of the sensor device 10, it is possible to adapt the movement characteristics of the guide element 7 accordingly, the effect of which is directly re-tested. As a consequence, the sensor device 10, the control unit 14 and the guide element 7 form a control circuit.

In the illustrated embodiment, the combine harvester 1 includes multiple sensor devices 10 located at various measurement locations 11, 12, 13. The first sensor device 10 has already been described above, located in the first measuring location 11 in the area 19 of the fall of the working element 6. This sensor device 10, especially clearly visible in Figs. 5 and 6, in the shown example is made in the form of a measuring rod 21, including several sensor elements 22. In this case, the sensor elements 22 are distributed at equal distances from each other along the length of the measuring rod 21, with the measuring rod 21 extending across the entire width 8 of the working element 6. By means of several sensor elements 22, it is possible to register the actual distribution of the residual flow particularly well harvested crop along the width 8 of the working body 6.

Further, the combine harvester 1 contains another sensor device 10 located at the second measuring location 12. In this case, the measuring point 12 is located on the bottom tray 20 of the working body 6. This is especially clearly seen in Fig. 7. While by means of the first sensor device 10 at the measuring point 11, it is possible to register the actual distribution of the residual crop as it enters the working body 6 , by means of the second sensor device 10, data concerning the actual distribution of the residual crop directly inside the working element 6 can be recorded in a particularly advantageous manner. In this way, it is possible to take into account the influence of the working element 6 on the actual distribution of the residual crop across the width 8 of the working element 6.

Finally, the shown combine harvester 1 contains a third sensor device 10, also in the form of a measuring rod 21. It is located at the measuring location 13 corresponding to the distribution device 15. The distribution device 15 is located behind both ejection devices 9. It serves to distribute the residual crop ejected by means of ejection devices 9, along the ejection width, which significantly exceeds the width of the rear end of the combine harvester 1. In other words, the ejected residual flow of the harvested crop is distributed in a fan manner by means of the distribution device 15, so that it is possible to distribute the residual crop over the entire working width of the combine harvester 1. For this purpose, the distribution device 15, especially clearly visible in FIG. 8 and 9, contains several guide trays 16, through which a fan distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop is carried out. The sensor device 10 in this case contains a total of five sensor elements 22, distributed at equal distances from each other along the length of the measuring rod 21. By means of the sensor elements 22, it is possible to record data regarding the actual distribution of the residual crop flow across the width of the distribution device 15. In this way, data is recorded that characterizes the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop immediately before its exit from the combine harvester 1.

In the illustrated embodiment, it is advantageously possible to adjust several guide trays 16 relative to the rest of the distribution device 15 by means of a corresponding actuator, not shown in the drawings. The actuator is wireless, that is, it is connected to the control unit 14 via radio communication. Thus, the combine harvester 1 according to the invention contains a second control circuit, by means of which the actual distribution of the residual crop in the area of the distribution device 15 is compared with the corresponding preset distribution, control instructions are generated and, finally, the position of the movable guide trays 16 is changed. This is carried out under the condition that possible deviations of the actual distribution of the residual crop from the given distribution in the distribution device 15 are compensated by changing the discharge of the residual crop by changing the position of the corresponding guide trays 16, so that deviations of the actual distribution from the given distribution are compensated during the release of the residual flow of the harvested crop and the residual crop in In the end, it is laid out on the field distributed as uniformly as possible.

The combination of two control circuits is particularly advantageous, since it is thus possible to regulate the actual distribution of the residual crop in several places, thereby making it possible to influence the residual flow of the harvested crop as a whole along its path from the exit from the axial separator 2 to the discharge from the combine harvester 1 allowing to achieve uniform distribution of residual crop on the field.

List of reference designations

1 Combine Harvester

2 Axial separator

3 Threshing organ

4 Housing

5 Axial rotor

6 Working body

7 Guide element

8 Width

9 Ejection device

10 Touch device

11 Measuring location

12 Measuring location

13 Measuring location

14 Control unit

15 Switchgear

16 Distribution tray

17 Wire

18 Wire

19 Impact area

20 Bottom tray

21 Measuring bar

22 Touch element

23 Longitudinal axis

24 Distribution area

25 Concave

26 Transport device

27 Grain tank

28 Val

29 Jack knife

30 Drive axle

31 Actuator

Claims (37)

1. A method for distributing the residual flow of a crop harvested by a combine harvester (1), in which the crop flow is processed by means of at least one axial separator (2) and the resulting residual crop flow is ejected from the combine harvester (1) by means of at least two ejection devices (9), wherein the axial separator (2) contains a movable guide element (7), through which the residual flow of the harvested crop leaving the axial separator (2) is distributed on the working body (6) located behind the axial separator (2), characterized in that record the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop on two ejection devices (9), wherein, when detecting the deviation of the actual distribution from a predetermined distribution, the guide element (7) is adjusted by changing the speed of movement of the guide element (7) so that the actual distribution at least approaches the specified distribution. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution ratio balanced between the ejection devices (9) is set as a given distribution. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the following steps: the residual flow of the harvested crop from the axial separator (2) is transferred to the working element (6) located behind it, made in the form of a grinding element, and the residual flow of the harvested crop is distributed across the width (8) of the grinding element by means of a guide element (7). the residual flow of the harvested crop is crushed by means of a grinding element and then transferred to ejection devices (9). 4. Method according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized by the presence of the following stages: - by means of at least one sensor device (10) in at least one location (11, 12, 13) measurements record data regarding the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop on the ejection devices (9). - the recorded data is redirected to the control unit (14), and through the latter the deviation of the actual distribution from the specified distribution is determined. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that by means of the control unit (14), depending on the deviation, regulatory instructions are generated and indirectly or directly transmitted to the guide element (7). 6. Method according to one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that by means of sensor devices (10) data concerning the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop is recorded, the sensor devices (10) being preferably located at different measurement locations (11, 12, 13). 7. Method according to one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the regulation of the guide element (7) is carried out automatically, in particular, depending on the control algorithm. 8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the speed of movement of the guide element (7) is constantly changed. 9. Method according to one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that in addition to data concerning the actual distribution of the residual flow of the harvested crop, data concerning - type of crop harvested, - cleaning conditions, - machine data of the combine harvester (1) and/or - the specified width of the windrow of the ejected residual flow of the harvested crop, and adjust the guide element (7) depending on at least parts of the recorded data. 10. Method according to one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that the grain harvester (1) contains a distribution device (15) located behind the ejection devices (9), and the distribution device (15) contains distribution trays (16), with the help of which it is possible to fan-out the residual flow harvested crop ejected by ejection devices (9), wherein at least one distribution tray (16) is adjustable, and at least one sensor device ( 10), whereby it is possible to record data regarding the actual distribution of the residual crop flow in the distribution device (15), wherein the distribution tray (16) is adjusted so that the actual distribution of the residual crop flow in the distribution device (15) is at least approached the pre-specified distribution. 11. Combine harvester (1), containing - at least one axial separator (2) for processing the flow of the harvested crop and - at least two ejection devices (9) for ejecting the residual flow of the harvested crop from the combine harvester (1), wherein the axial separator (2) contains at least one movable guide element (7), through which it is possible to distribute the residual flow of the harvested crop leaving the axial separator (2) on the working body (6) located behind the axial separator (2), characterized in that it provides: - at least one sensor device (10), through which it is possible to record data regarding the actual distribution of the residual crop flow on the ejection devices (9), and - at least one control unit (14), through which it is possible to process the data recorded by the sensor device (10), - wherein the control unit (14) and the guide element (7) are indirectly or directly connected to each other, so that it is possible to transmit control instructions, which can be generated by the control unit (14) depending on the recorded data, in the direction of the guide element (7 ) to change the speed of movement of the guide element (7). 12. The combine (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that in the area (19) of the fall of the grinding element located behind the axial separator (2), at least one sensor device (10) is located in at least one measurement location (11) . 13. The combine (1) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at least one sensor device (10) can be located in at least one measurement location (12) on the bottom tray (20) located behind the axial separator ( 2) grinding organ. 14. Combine (1) according to one of paragraphs. 11-13, characterized in that at least one sensor device (10) is located in at least one measurement location (13) on the distribution device (15) located behind the ejection devices (9). 15. Combine (1) according to one of paragraphs. 11-14, characterized in that at least one sensor device (10) is made in the form of a measuring rod (21) containing sensor elements (22) located at a distance from each other.

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