RU2816461C2 - Method of forming objects of simulated model of background target situation on uninhabited territory of ice space - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to creation of simulated model of objects of target background environment. Substance of the method consists in the following: forming contrast strips of ice channel and contrast landing strips of airfields; production pipe is simulated by means of fuel barrels; imitating the nozzle of the infrared false target by heating the upper part of the obtained production pipe; simulating the operation of the obtained production pipe by outputting the smoke generated by the smoke generator and displaying the wind direction; simulating objects on snow by using nanocarbon materials; forming combined false targets using triangular with square faces corner reflectors; providing imitation of moving targets by installing a light-emitting diode gobo-projector (GP) with slides of images of objects on a telescopic mast of a ship; providing simulation of aerial target take-off by means of installation of GP and radar angle reflector on unmanned aerial vehicle.

EFFECT: possibility of creating a simulated model of objects of a target background environment.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of countering surveillance, reconnaissance and aerospace detection means, by creating targets that simulate full-scale models of marine, air, industrial objects, supporting their vital functions and covers the following categories:

- targets, for example, stationary ground, sea, aviation;

- targets reflecting radar beams;

- direction finders using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves.

Given the existing Arctic structure, the creation of a simulation model of the background-target environment and objects with their seasonal life cycles is being considered.

The invention relates to the heading Reflective targets, for example, targets that reflect radar beams; active targets emitting electromagnetic waves F41j 2/00; active targets emitting infrared radiation F41J 2/02. In the range of operation of radar equipment to the section Measuring power by radio engineering methods G01S; Measurement with indication on the CRT screen G01S 3/84; Measurement based on the principle of reflection of radio waves G01S 13/02. In the range of operation of optical-electronic means under the heading Photometry, exposure meters operating on the principle of comparison with reference light radiation or electrical quantity G01j 1/00, by comparison with a surface of reference brightness G01J 1/14/.

The invention relates to actions for the formation of a simulation structure parallel to that operating on an ice field.

The method for forming a simulated model of the background-target situation, infrastructure, objects, and their activities in the uninhabited territory of the ice space and coastal zone covers a wide range of tasks from simulating the ice channel of an icebreaker, convoy, to simulating a runway (RU), an airfield with model aircraft, offshore platforms, berths, equipment, selection of materials and devices simulating the physical fields of objects in the optical and radar ranges against a background of snow, ice, and water. The solution to these issues is considered taking into account the harsh climate (temperature up to -50 ° C, wind up to 50 m/s), long polar days and nights, lack of local construction materials, local landmarks in the immediate area for creating models on the ice surface, as well as taking into account long-term climate changes in the support zones of socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic [1, 2].

The basis for safe activities are forecasts of ice conditions with parameters of concentration, age, thickness, size of ice fields, surface condition, speed and direction of drift. To correct space data in a zone of 3-5 miles from the ship, small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used. The software service allows you to assess the condition of the ice surface, its hummockiness, and obtain the linear dimensions of openings and polynyas and their area. GPR is known for measuring the thickness and structure of ice. The device allows you to measure the thickness of freshwater ice up to 2 m, with an error of no more than 2 cm. The acoustic ice thickness meter is suitable for measuring large ice thicknesses, but the result depends on the speed of sound, and the speed of sound depends on the crystalline structure of the ice. Young first-year ice contains more salts, while multi-year ice is desalinated and denser [3]. The forecast of climate change in the Arctic and Subarctic makes amendments and changes both to the socio-economic development of the region and to the technical issues of protecting state borders.

The electronic warfare (electronic warfare) component is visible in the provision of camouflage measures in the form of reducing the physical fields of ships, objects, in the creation of false infrastructure, false ice channels of icebreakers, false airfields with mock-up aircraft, equipment, runways (runways), unmasking measures, the creation decoys operating in the optical and radar ranges.

Since the delivery of equipment to the Arctic regions is carried out by water and air transport, ice channels and runways are the primary signs of unmasking, the presence of objects, as well as a place for activities to create decoys from imported materials.

The Russian Arctic coast is 22,600 km long (with the total length of the coast of all states adjacent to the Arctic, including the Russian Federation, 38,700 km) requiring the constant presence and updating of equipment.

State of the art

The creation of a simulation model of the structure on the ice space covers a wide level of science, technology, production, practical knowledge and experience. This is the creation of ice channels, runways, airfields, models, equipment, and decoys. This is the choice of location on the ice space for equipment and devices, taking into account polar coordinates.

This is the preparation of measuring equipment, the measurement of parameters of simulated targets using mock-ups and standards. Pay attention to the choice of measuring equipment, which is divided into specialized equipment, accepted for supply and consumer goods. Moreover, optical devices accepted for supply, when installing light filters in cages on them, undergo standard tests.

When developing the “Method for forming a simulated model of a background-target environment, infrastructure, objects, and their activities in an uninhabited area...” the developers were faced with the problem of technical support for the simulated structure being created. The existing structure is based on imported real materials, products, models, standards, delivered by sea and air transport.

The solution to this problem will be solved through the use of containers, barrels, paints and other delivered material items to create a simulated object, the parameters of which satisfy the specified requirements. The real characteristics of false targets in the optical and radar ranges are obtained at the site of their installation using proven methods.

There is a well-known RF patent for the invention “A method for measuring the effective scattering surface of objects in express mode under natural background conditions by radar means and a device for its implementation” [4]. The invention is intended for carrying out express measurements of the ESR of objects and decoys against a natural background, conducting training and exercises both at anchor and at sea, as well as ensuring the preparation and placement of a target position when assessing the priority of choosing targets for an anti-ship missile radar seeker.

There is a well-known RF patent for the invention “Method for measuring the brightness characteristics of objects in the optical range of the spectrum and a device for its implementation” [5]. The invention is intended to study the brightness characteristics of objects, false targets, optical camouflage means in the visible range, operating ranges of night vision devices, TV, TPV, IR, laser means in order to assess the visibility of objects against the surrounding background. Measurements with these devices are made “according to the detection threshold”, which is based on obtaining the transmittance. The invention can be used to generate an information resource for the target and background-target environment in the optical range of the spectrum.

There is a well-known Russian patent for the invention “Shaper of frequency and time reference signals” [6]. The shaper has blocks for receiving reference time signals.

There is a known Russian patent for the invention “Mobile multi-channel radio receiving equipment” [7]. The hardware room includes receiving equipment, a communication server, a computer, navigation equipment and units for generating SEB signals, outputting information to consumers.

There is a well-known RF patent for the invention “Method for integrated monitoring and control of the state of a multi-parameter object” [8]. The equipment measured parameters at a given time, generated state matrices, generated control decisions and transferred them to the means of influence carried out during monitoring.

There is a known RF patent for invention No. 2726020 “Method of forming a target position in express mode with a limited approach time of anti-ship missiles with combined seekers, including a complex of known devices for its implementation and visualization.” [9] The invention is used in the development of decoys and target environments. This patent can be considered as a prototype of a measuring device that provides the technical result of the invention in question.

Measurement of the characteristics of objects, targets, and camouflage materials is carried out in narrow spectral ranges for the optical and radar ranges. The issue of “Formation of a radar target to simulate a surface ship” was considered [10]. It is shown that the construction of a radar target based on only one reflector will be unreliable in any sector of angles.

The measuring equipment under consideration ensures the measurement process remotely and autonomously, which is convenient for the Arctic conditions. The spectral range of the measuring instruments is consistent with the detection range of enemy weapons.

At the same time, it is advisable to use another option for obtaining valuable information in express mode, characterizing the target position. Using well-known devices with visualization elements - high-sensitivity night vision devices (NVDs), low-level television (TV) cameras that provide visualization of laser radiation up to 1-2 microns, radar with a measuring channel, you can clearly show which target reflects “more or less”. For example, a board irradiated by a laser illuminator or a false laser target irradiated by a complex of laser optical interference, in relative units, the ESR of a ship or the ESR of a target, the ESR of a ship or the ESR of several interference projectiles, in square meters.

Thus, a measuring complex consisting of optical range equipment - digital cameras, night vision devices, TPV, IR and laser range, as well as radar equipment with a built-in attenuator, quickly solves the problem of forming a simulated model of the target environment.

Essence

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The technical task of the present invention is a comprehensive solution to the process of forming a false simulated object with its entire structure, simulating activities on the ice. Simulation of targets in the optical and radar ranges, provision of optical contrast and the required EPR value are controlled using the supplied instruments. This is to ensure the operation of means in the optical and radar ranges against created simulated false targets. These are materials with reflective characteristics, their delivery, installation, taking into account the shortage of materials, time according to the plan for the formation of a target position.

To create a simulated environment of infrastructure and facilities, it is proposed to use objects and materials with real characteristics and operational parameters corresponding to the harsh Arctic, and methodological studies and measuring tools corresponding to the parameters of reconnaissance equipment and those instruments that are used in the formation of target positions. Features of camouflage and unmasking measures on ice expanses of the Arctic, unlike the land, manifests itself in a homogeneous, fairly flat background underlying surface, in the absence of natural formations, landmarks, and a shortage of materials and time.

A complex inverse problem has been set - obtaining a “clean background” image of the infrastructure, the functioning of objects and targets in a wide spectral range of surveillance and reconnaissance devices.

For this purpose, radioprotective building materials and innovative nanomaterials are being developed to effectively camouflage, reduce, distort and change the radar and optical fields of equipment. To develop new techniques for distorting the physical fields of objects, their visibility, and improving the methods of their use, comparative measurements are carried out using mobile and stationary means. In maritime conditions, they create the appearance of a complex target environment by arranging target ships, ship shields, corner reflectors, naval smoke bombs (MSB), and false laser targets on a limited area of the sea surface according to plan. Target positions can be either active - with fire and electronic warfare equipment - or passive. They carry out express measurements of the physical fields of objects and decoys against a natural background, and evaluate the effectiveness of the developed electronic warfare equipment.

Thus presented [11], the range research complex (RPC) for carrying out full-scale and experimental work with the radar station (radar) of a fighter aircraft includes: a specialized mobile container equipped with autonomous life support systems, a radar sighting system of a MiG-29 aircraft, visualization equipment in real time and recording the parameters of this complex with reference to GPS time to determine the coordinates of targets, command radio communication equipment and telecode data transmission. The recording and visualization equipment includes an interface device and a personal computer. Equipment tasks: receiving digital information, converting it to a USB interface, displaying one-time commands in real time, obtaining initial data for assessing the effectiveness of aircraft protection from aircraft guided missiles with active and semi-active radar homing heads. The characteristics and movement parameters of simulated targets are as close as possible to real ones: EPR range - from 0.5 m ² (cruise missile) to 50 m ² (transport aircraft); range range from 1 to 100 km; range of approach speeds with the target from 50 to 1000 m/s. Changing the range of the simulated target is synchronized with the current closing speed value. Digital processing of information and its transfer for further processing is provided. The growth of information capabilities of aviation and space means for detecting sea and coastal objects, simulated models of infrastructure and false targets have put forward additional requirements for compliance with the characteristics of the materials used in conditions of snow background, wet and dry ice, extremely low temperatures and wind (-50 ° C and 50 m /With). For this purpose, devices operating in the radar, visual-optical, infrared, and laser ranges are used, both at the instrumental level and at the level of operating equipment in the corresponding range. Moreover, special attention is paid to the performance of the measuring equipment, which provides comparative characteristics of the materials used relative to standards and backgrounds when placing simulated models in a given location.

As indicators characterizing the visibility of objects in the visible and infrared spectral ranges, the contrast values of objects against the surrounding background K, defined as [5], are usually used.

where B _f and B _o are the brightness values of the background and object, respectively, in the spectral range of measurements.

When using laser means, the visibility of objects, in accordance with GOST [12], is usually characterized by the value of the brightness coefficient of the object's surface β, defined as the ratio of the energy brightness of the irradiated surface of the object to the energy brightness of an ideal diffuser (standard) under the same irradiation conditions.

where B _o and B _e are the brightness values of the surfaces of the object and the standard at the laser radiation wavelength.

In most cases, the task of studying the optical visibility of objects comes down to measuring the brightness values of the surfaces of the object under study, the background and the reference.

There are two main methods of light measurements [13]: subjective, also called visual, and objective (physical). In the subjective method of measurement, the receiver is the human eye, which is used, as a rule, to compare the brightness fields of different sections of the photometric field, and in the objective method, physical receivers of the radiant flux are used - photodetectors. To expand the measurement limits, in most cases, light filters with known transmittance coefficients are used. In this case, during the measurement process, light filters are selected in such a way that the input signal level falls within the linear portion of the amplitude characteristic of the measuring device.

The proposed methodology ensures an expansion of the range of tools used for measurements, up to widely available household appliances, eliminating the need to calibrate the measuring device over the entire range of measured values, providing the possibility of measurements both in laboratory and field conditions, and reducing the cost of the research process .

Direct recording of the desired signal is carried out using a photodetector, and measurements are made using the human eye and a set of attenuating filters. The photodetector device is not calibrated over the entire range of measured values, but only according to the sensitivity threshold.

The recording device used is not specialized photometric means, but widely used photodetector devices, digital cameras, video cameras, thermal imagers, laser rangefinders, the spectral sensitivity characteristics of which correspond to the characteristics of enemy detection means.

The possibility of using these devices to conduct research to assess the visibility of objects is due to the fact that the photoreceiving channels of these devices have inherent threshold sensitivities. Taking this into account, when using photographic equipment, a video camera or a thermal imager, the measurement process is as follows. The device used for measurements is pointed at the object under study located against the surrounding background. A reference reflector is placed next to the object under study, which is a shield, one part of which is painted with white paint, and the second part with black paint with known reflection and emission coefficients in the spectral range of measurements. The dimensions of the reference reflector are such that each of its two parts exceeds by at least 15 times the dimensions of the resolution element of the measuring device at the measurement distance, i.e. not less than the threshold for object recognition by the human eye. The operator observes with his eye the image of a panorama on the screen (display monitor) of the measuring device used, including the object under study, the reference reflector and the background. After this, an attenuating neutral filter with a known transmittance is installed in front of the instrument lens. The luminous flux at the input of the photodetector decreases. The next attenuating filter is installed, and so on, until the operator’s eye on the screen (monitor) of the device being used ceases to distinguish first the black part of the reference reflector, and then a region of space that has lower brightness (object or background). A sign of the lack of discrimination is the equality of brightness of the areas of the field of view occupied by the black part of the reference reflector and the object or background, registered by the eye. This indicates that the signal in this region of space has reached the threshold sensitivity level of the device. In this state, the total transmittance of the installed attenuating filters is recorded, defined as the product of the transmittance of all installed filters. After this, the operator continues to install attenuating filters until the operator's eye can no longer distinguish the area of space that has greater brightness. At the same time, the total transmittance of all installed filters is also recorded. Based on these measurements, the object contrast K is determined as [5]:

where τ _f and τ _o are the total attenuation indicators of the filters corresponding to the thresholds for distinguishing the background and the object under study.

In the case of studying the brightness coefficients of objects using a laser rangefinder, the measurement technique is as follows. The laser range finder is aimed at the object under study and the distance to the object is measured. The operator observes the presence of a range reading on the rangefinder scale. After this, attenuating filters are installed in front of the input window of the rangefinder receiving path until the range reading on the rangefinder scale stops. A sign of the absence of a range reading is the appearance of zero distance readings to the object. This indicates that the input signal has reached the sensitivity threshold of the photodetector. The total transmittance of the installed attenuation filters is recorded. After this, a reference reflector with a known brightness coefficient is installed at the site of the object under study, perpendicular to the direction of observation. The laser rangefinder is pointed at the white part of the reference reflector and the attenuating filters are installed again until the range reading stops. The total transmittance of the attenuating filters is also recorded. The brightness coefficient of the surface of the object under study β _o is determined as:

where τ _o and τ _e are the total attenuation indicators of the filters corresponding to the thresholds for reading the range to the object under study and the reference reflector;

β _e - the value of the brightness coefficient of the surface of the reference reflector.

The practical implementation of the proposed method and the possibility of achieving the claimed positive effect are confirmed by the wide distribution and availability of technical means used for measurements, the availability of commercially produced attenuating filters for various spectral ranges with a wide range of known transmission characteristics, and testing of the proposed method in laboratory and field conditions.

Since the optical visibility of objects in the vast majority of cases is assessed based on the possibility of their detection by optical-electronic reconnaissance equipment operating in the visible and infrared parts of the optical range of the spectrum, as well as laser rangefinders and location devices, digital cameras, video cameras, and night-time devices can be used as meters. vision, thermal imagers, and laser rangefinders. When using such meters, readings (threshold for registering an image of an object, background or distance to a target) are taken using a single-element or multi-element photodetector, a mosaic indicator and the human eye. The use of these meters allows measurements to be made in those spectral ranges in which similar detection means operate. Such meters are in mass production, commercially available, relatively cheap and accessible. Each of the mentioned devices has a threshold sensitivity, which determines the minimum recorded signal level. In this regard, there is no need to calibrate such devices over the entire range of their sensitivity and construct calibration graphs, which significantly simplifies the process of preparing and carrying out measurements. The high spatial resolution of such meters makes it possible to measure remote and small objects, both in laboratory and field conditions.

To determine the brightness coefficient of the surface of the object under study at a certain radiation wavelength, a cassette with attenuating filters is installed in front of the input window of the lens of the receiving channel of the measuring device, which in this case is a laser range finder operating at a certain radiation wavelength, for example, at wavelength 1, 06 microns. Observing the object under study on the visual display monitor, the operator points the marker mark of the distance meter at it and measures the distance to the object. The distance value is displayed on the visual display monitor. After this, the operator sequentially installs attenuating filters into the cassette, measuring the distance each time. These actions continue until the signal in the receiving channel of the measuring device is weakened to the threshold sensitivity level of the photodetector, i.e. until the distance to the object disappears. After this, the total value of the attenuation index of the installed attenuating filters is determined. The attenuating filters are removed from the cassette. Next, a reference reflector is installed in place of the object under study, oriented perpendicular to the direction of sight, and the operator, installing attenuating filters one by one, measures the distance to the reference reflector, pointing a marker mark at that part of the reference reflector that is painted with white paint with a known brightness coefficient value at the working length radiation waves. After the distance readings disappear, the total value of the attenuation index of the installed attenuating filters is also determined. Using expression (4), the value of the brightness coefficient of the surface of the object under study is calculated.

In the spectral range of thermal imaging equipment when testing object protection tasks and measurements in express mode, the reference emitter is the “Grey Body” emitter - utility model patent No. 65219 MPK G01J 5/02. [14]

Lighting characteristics, the volume of runway and airfield equipment are considered in [15]. A list of works has been determined for the implementation of simulated airfield facilities.

Measuring the characteristics of targets in static conditions in the radar range.

In the radar range, the technology for measuring the effective scattering surface (ESR) is shown in the patent [4].

The invention is intended for carrying out express measurements of the ESR of objects and decoys against a natural background, conducting training and exercises both at anchor and at sea, as well as ensuring the preparation and placement of a target position when assessing the priority of target selection.

A graph for converting target ESR ( ^m2 ) into dB is shown in Fig. 5.

Actions of the radar operator. The operator turns on the radar and finds a reference reflector on the monitor screen in a given field of view. Using the attenuator knob, the attenuation of the signal is introduced until the detection threshold disappears, the readings are recorded, then, at the command, the EPR of the corner is reduced by throwing a metallized mesh over it, and the attenuator readings are also taken. The difference in attenuator readings in dB corresponds to the difference in ESR in ^m2 (Fig. 5). This action checks the functionality of the circuit. Then the signal from the target is reduced to the detection threshold of this target. The smaller value is subtracted from the larger attenuator reading. This result in dB corresponds to the difference in ESR in ^m2 . The RCS of targets is determined by formula (5) and according to the graph in Fig. 5. EPR is expressed in square meters or decibels [16]. The relationship between these values is given by the expression

where σ is the ESR symbol, from which it follows that a level of zero decibels corresponds to an ESR value equal to 1 m ² .

In practice, in radio engineering measurements, as in optical measurements, the EPR of the target σ _c is determined by comparison with the known effective reflective surface of the standard:

where σ _c and σ _fl are the EPR of the target and the standard;

And - field strength of the reference and target under the same observation conditions.

Under the same observation conditions, when the maximum detection ranges are measured, the following relation is valid:

where D _c.max and D _et.max are the maximum detection ranges of the target and the standard.

The formation of a target position in the optical and radar ranges, the method of measuring the physical fields of real and false targets are discussed in the patent [9].

This invention serves as a prototype, as it covers the optical and radar spectra when forming a simulated model of the background-target environment, infrastructure, objects, and their activities.

The process of measuring the characteristics of targets and objects is based on the readings of standards and reference reflectors and complies with the rules of instrumental verification.

At the same time, it is advisable to use another option for obtaining valuable information in express mode, characterizing the target position. Using well-known devices with visualization elements - high-sensitivity night vision devices, low-level television cameras, radar with a measuring channel, it is possible to clearly (visually) show which target reflects “more or less” [17, 18, 19].

The connecting link of complex work is the integration of measuring instruments and objects with recording equipment SEV, GLONASS, GPS with recording on electronic memory with the subsequent ability to analyze and visualize the results of the work [20, 21].

The presented measuring instruments and techniques make it possible to objectively evaluate the characteristics of the materials and products used to simulate objects and their activities.

Considering the topic of forming a simulated model of the background-target environment, infrastructure, objects on the ice with the prospect of using developed materials, we pay attention to the use of gas for a false IR target at the cut of a pipe made of barrels, which gives a shadow on the snow, simulating the life of the pipe by removing the smoke generated by the generator smoke, displaying the direction of the real wind; mechanical formers of contrasting stripes on ice canals and airfield runways are used; use nanocarbon materials, liquid and granular dyes, which imitate real objects in the snow; they place an LED “gobo projector” (GP) with slides [22] and high light output on a hovercraft to simulate moving targets in the optical range; placed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) together with the GP, a combined decoy consisting of a corner reflector fired by the radar with a burning paint applied to it, simulating an infrared emitter, which, after burning out, shrivels the radar reflector and the radar and IR decoy stops operating, thereby providing a take-off simulation air target; the GP installed on a fixed balloon ensures the creation of a false visual and optical situation on a horizontal ice surface; they use radar triangular corner reflectors with square edges, made using “heated floor” technology, ensuring the creation of a combined radar and thermal imaging (RL and TPV) decoy; in the case of transferring to another place the contrasting stripes of the ice channel, runway or changing the direction of their coordinates, provision is made for reclamation of the surface layer by snowmobiles with special attachments. equipment providing “0” contrast level; determine the possibility of transferring “abandoned” airfields and runways in the Arctic to the category of “operating simulated airfields” [23]; imitation of a false coastline, imitation of ship parking, berths, port facilities in bays and river mouths are formed by rafts [24]; in emergency cases and hard-to-reach places, a manual method is used to set up ice channels, contrasting runways using peat, alluvial silt, clay from dog sleds with monitoring of contrast indicators. In addition, in other ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, emitters and receiving antennas are used, and “antenna fields” are formed.

The considered materials, products for simulating infrastructure and objects correspond to the level of detection and reconnaissance technology. In the Arctic, the smooth background is disrupted by weather, climate change and human activity. The level of these changes is determined by optical and radar means, mostly from air carriers and spacecraft. The higher information content of the optical channels of detection means is taken into account.

Carrying out the invention

The technical solution consists in the formation of an information resource of a simulated model of the background-target situation for enemy detection and reconnaissance means by simulating infrastructure, objects, and their activities in the uninhabited territory of the ice space. Polymer composite materials reinforced with carbon nano-sized fillers, frost-resistant liquid and granular dyes are used, which provide specified reflective and emissive parameters of simulated false target objects. The technical result achieved by implementing the invention is to create a full-scale wide-range phono-target environment and simulated activity of objects in the uninhabited space of ice and snow cover, by using the considered means of measuring the optical and radar ranges for control. The synchronization of measurements in the optical and radar ranges is achieved by using modern means of positioning both standard equipment and externally used equipment.

The absence of signs of the claimed technical solution in the sources indicates the conditions for patentability based on “novelty”.

The measuring complex includes standard technological means: radar corner reflectors, standard optical reflectors, etc. The means of the target position and the measuring complex are connected by satellite navigation systems and a uniform time service [25].

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the materials for creating simulated objects and targets correspond qualitatively to real objects, their spectral characteristics correspond to the ranges of enemy space and air reconnaissance assets, technological measuring equipment and technological devices in the form of standards and reflectors.

The most important task of measuring the characteristics of the materials used to create models and decoys operating in the Arctic is the selection and development of materials that provide specified characteristics in a temperature range of up to -50°C and winds of up to 50 m/s.

The inverse problem regarding camouflage is solved - against a smooth background of snow or ice cover, they create a simulating material appearance of the target, infrastructure and activity in the optical and radar ranges. The materials chosen are contrasting with respect to the background, lightweight - convenient for manual work without the use of lifting equipment, frost-resistant, with devices for fastening to the surface of ice and snow, taking into account strong winds and other influencing factors. In calculations, the threshold difference in radiation temperatures of aircraft carrier equipment is assumed to be 0.07 for the range of 3...5 µm, and 0.04 for the range of 8...14 µm. Observed in the UV range at wavelengths greater than 0.33 microns, there are no intense absorption bands in the atmosphere. Analysis of the spectral dependences of reflectivity shows a high contrast of colored objects against the background of snow cover in the wavelength range of 0.330-0.380 μm, which allows us to conclude that the use of the UV range is effective for detecting camouflaged objects that are hardly noticeable in the visible range.

Observed in the UV range at wavelengths greater than 0.33 microns, there are no intense absorption bands in the atmosphere. Analysis of the spectral dependences of reflectivity shows a high contrast of colored objects against the background of snow cover in the wavelength range of 0.330-0.380 μm, which allows us to conclude that the use of the UV range is effective for detecting camouflaged objects that are hardly noticeable in the visible range.

The formation of radar targets on a snow and ice field is carried out taking into account the solution of the problem - to achieve high RCS values of false targets at lower costs and to take into account that real targets are masked as much as possible to reduce the effective scattering area of the protected target.

When forming radar targets, the reflective characteristics of natural and artificial surfaces are used [16], where the EPR values from a dipole, a hollow disk, a ball to a cone and a bicone are given.

In addition to passive simulating targets, the kit includes active optical-electronic and radio-technical decoys and elements of communication equipment. To do this, they are introducing developed lithium-ion batteries that operate for a long time without recharging and can withstand more than 2000 charge-discharge cycles with an output voltage twice as high as lead-acid batteries. [Science and Life No. 12, 2019]. Lithium-ion batteries are already being used in practical applications in the shipbuilding industry in uninterruptible power supply systems - they charge in an hour and are superior in size. [Shipbuilding No. 2, 2019]. Lithium-ion batteries are superior in terms of capacity to size and weight, have a high voltage of 3.6V, and this allows the use of one element [Components and Technologies No. 1, 2018]. In addition, when a lithium-ion battery is irradiated during ultrasonic charging, the charging time is reduced to 10 minutes due to stirring of the electrolyte [Science and Life No. 5, 2020 p. 99].

Devices for implementing the method

The use of materials, production of models on site, their placement, arrangement and rearrangement, delivery of measuring equipment by transport is a separate operation.

The set of devices for implementing the method of forming a simulated model of infrastructure, objects and their activities in the uninhabited territory of the ice space includes prepared measuring instruments, reference and reference reflectors and emitters, models, materials with specified characteristics of reflection coefficients, radiation, density, and heat resistance.

Monitoring of the technical parameters of created targets under real background conditions is carried out by optical and radar devices. SEV, GLONASS, GPS equipment is a component of the measuring complex.

The Euroflirt-410 multi-sensor station, developed by the French company Safran, was adopted as a prototype of a device for monitoring the parameters of artificially created optical and radar objects and targets. The station is designed to perform combat missions day and night, in all weather conditions when conducting reconnaissance, surveillance and weapon guidance on target. The devices are created using the latest technologies: TV camera in the range of 0.4-0.7 microns, IR camera in the range 0.7-0.95 µm with an active illumination device for searching and identifying targets at long range in poor visibility, short-wave infrared detector (0.95-1.7 µm) for image formation in conditions of poor visibility and detection of laser spots illuminated targets on the battlefield; mid-wave spectral camera (3-5 µm); four laser modules for target illumination, target designation, and range measurement up to 20 km. Standard interfaces provide communication with on-board and ground control stations.

The optical part includes: measuring equipment, a laser rangefinder, a laser illuminator, a night vision device (NVD), a high-sensitivity low-level television camera (LTVK), a thermal imager, a video recorder, a photo recorder, and reference reflectors. The fields of view of the measuring instruments can be directed at one target or at several targets. The field of view of the device must include the object under study, the background and the standard. The radar part includes a radar with an EPR measurement channel.

Monitoring of the technical parameters of created targets under real background conditions is carried out by optical and radar devices.

The amount of work to monitor the parameters of ice channels and runways is taken into account when placing simulated targets, when moving channels, and changing their direction.

Thus, to solve the technical problem of creating a simulated model of infrastructure, objects, goals and their activities in an uninhabited territory, the characteristics of models, products and materials that can be used are considered. The characteristics of instrumental measuring instruments and devices widely used in the optical and radar ranges for the formation of a target position on ice and snow cover are considered. The technological processes for measuring the characteristics of objects are presented.

The purpose of the present invention is to bring together into a sequential chain of actions the operators of the measuring complex instruments. The essence of the invention as a technical solution lies in the use of existing measurement and control tools to determine and adjust parameters and analyze the created simulated objects. The operator of an optical measuring device, installing a set of light filters in front of the lens, achieves the detection threshold of the target (material), standard, background and, according to formula (3), obtains the measurement result.

Thus, the task of forming a simulation model of infrastructure, objects and their activities on ice expanses was comprehensively considered, modern materials, mechanisms and products were selected to create the required large-scale background-target environment, and the requirements for measuring equipment were analyzed and developed.

This allows us to say that the problem itself is new, the solution is wide-ranging, and is distinguished by novelty and inventive level. Industrial applications are characterized by ease of production, repeatability and applicability to other industries.

Brief description of drawings

Fig. 1 - “illusory” coloring according to the Shpazhinsky method.

Fig. 2 - camouflage coloring imitating a sea wave.

Fig. 3 - camouflage using the Wilkinson method.

Fig. 4 - techniques for distorting the size of a ship and the elements of its movement.

Fig. 5 - graph of conversion of target ESR (m ² ) into dB.

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Claims (1)

A method for forming objects of a simulated model of a background-target environment in an uninhabited area of ice space, which consists in monitoring the technical parameters of the created objects with measuring instruments of the optical and radar range, for which the contrast of the object is determined as the ratio of the attenuation indicators of light filters corresponding to the thresholds for distinguishing the background and the object, is determined the brightness coefficient of an object as the ratio of the attenuation indicators of light filters corresponding to the thresholds for reading the distance to the object and the standard, the contrast of the object in the radar range is determined by reducing the signal with an attenuator to the object detection threshold and measuring the effective scattering surface of the object (ESR), the ESR of the object is compared with the standard, and the object , the background and the standard are located in the field of view of the measuring instruments, and the measurement results are recorded by the Unified Time Service, satellite navigation systems with fixation on electronic memory with the possibility of analysis and visualization, characterized in that the objects of the simulated model of the background target environment are created as follows: they form contrasting stripes of ice canals and contrasting runways (runways) of airfields; imitate a production pipe using fuel barrels; imitate the nozzle of an infrared (IR) decoy by heating the upper part of the resulting production pipe; simulate the operation of the resulting production pipe by outputting the smoke created by the generator and displaying the wind direction; imitate objects on the snow through the use of nanocarbon materials, the specified reflection and radiation parameters of the simulated objects are provided with liquid and granular dyes; form combined radar and thermal imaging (RL and TPV) false targets using trihedral corner reflectors with square edges, made using “heated floor” technology; provide simulation of moving targets by installing an LED gobo projector (GP) with slides of object images on the telescopic mast of a hovercraft; provide simulation of the take-off of an air target by installing a GP and a shootable radar corner reflector on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).