RU2816155C1 - Reusable rock anchor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a reusable anchor for rocky soils. Anchor comprises a tight closed shell-mandrel made of 2–3-layer rubberized technical fabric in the form of a toroid elongated along the axis. Shell-mandrel end is equipped with air valve. Anchor also contains a cone-shaped expanding tight shell made of 2–3-layer rubberized technical fabric, which is placed in a power jacket. Power cover is made in the form of a mesh cone from a synthetic cord, with a traction rope with a loop passed through the inner open cavity of the mandrel. Internal cavities of the shell-mandrel and the expanding shell are connected by an elastic air duct. Diameter of the base of the cone of the expanding shell in the gas-filled state is larger than the diameter of the inner free cavity of the toroid of the shell-mandrel filled with gas, but less than the outer diameter of the anchor.

EFFECT: reduced material consumption of the anchor, as well as creation of a reusable anchor.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport, namely to self-extrication of stuck cars in mountainous areas.

When trucks and cars get stuck, use standard winches provided with the vehicle by the manufacturer [1], or portable winches [2]. The winch rope is attached to a stationary object, and the winch is turned on to wind the rope onto the drum. To implement this method, in the absence of objects to which the winch rope can be secured, which is typical for mountainous areas with predominantly rocky soils, anchors are used.

A known rock anchor bolt [3], including a sealing unit, a tube, and a rod filled with mortar.

The disadvantages of the device are: high metal consumption, one-time use, the need for a long time required for the mortar to harden to the design strength.

Various designs of rope anchors are known [4], containing a body, a nut for tensioning the rope, a coupling, and a wedge. In construction, foundation self-anchoring bolts [5] are widely used in the form of a metal rod, at one end of which there is a thread and at the other an anchor element.

The disadvantages of such devices are: high metal consumption, disposable use.

The closest analogue is an anchor bolt with a mechanical anchor [6] including: a rod, a mandrel, an anchor device, an expanding element, a moving element with the possibility of rotation.

The anchor bolt is accepted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the device are: high metal consumption, one-time use.

The purpose of the present invention is to reduce the material consumption of the anchor. The stated goal is achieved through the manufacture of anchor elements from closed, high-strength sealed soft shells, filled with gas (air) under pressure, ensuring the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the device, as well as reusability.

The proposed device is illustrated by the drawings presented at:

- fig. 1 - anchor in a state of filling with compressed gas;

- fig. 2 - anchor in the state of applying a pulling force.

A reusable anchor for rocky soils (Fig. 1) contains: a mandrel shell 1, an air valve 2, an expanding shell 3, a connecting air duct 4, a mesh cover 5, a traction rope 6 with a loop 7.

Shell-mandrel 1 is a hermetic closed shell made of 2-3-layer rubberized technical fabric, for example, 51-ZT-185 coated [7] in the shape of an elongated toroid. The end of the mandrel shell 1 is equipped with a ball or nipple type air valve 2 for filling the anchor with compressed gas (air) through a hose 8 from a compressed gas source (for example, from a car compressor, a manual foot or electric car pump, a compressed gas cylinder).

The expanding shell 3 is made in the shape of a cone from a material similar to the material of the shell-mandrel 1. The diameter of the base of the expanding shell 3 in the gas-filled state must be greater than the diameter of the internal free cavity of the toroid of the shell-mandrel 1 filled with gas, but less than the outer diameter of the anchor.

The internal cavities of the mandrel shell 1 and the expanding shell 3 are connected by an elastic air duct 4 in the form of a tubular spiral, made, for example, of reinforced rubber. To connect the cavities of the anchor elements, the ends of the air duct are equipped with couplings, and the shells are equipped with fittings 1 and 3.

The length of the stretched air duct 4 must be at least the length of the mandrel shell 1.

The power cover 5 is made in the shape of a mesh cone made of synthetic high-strength cord. An expanding shell 3 is placed in it. The power cover 5 is given such a size that, in a state filled with gas under pressure, the expanding shell 3 is tightly covered by the power cover 5. The ends of a part of the cord cords are brought out beyond the top of the power cover 5, weaved into a traction rope 6, the end of which braided into a loop 7. The traction rope 6 is passed through the internal open cavity of the toroid of the shell-mandrel 1 so that the rope 8 of the car winch can be attached to the loop 7.

The reusable rock anchor works as follows:

1. Using drilling tools, a hole (hole) 9 of the estimated diameter is made in rocky soil (Fig. 1. 2).

2. Prepare the anchor by unrolling shells 1 and 3 of the anchor that are not filled with gas. The traction rope 6 of the power sheath 5 with the expanding shell 3 placed in it is passed through the internal open cavity of the shell-mandrel 1 so that the loop 7 is oriented towards the air valve 2. The cavities of the shells 1 and 3 are connected to each other by an air duct 4.

3. The anchor is rolled up. If necessary, to facilitate the formation of a roll, several circular or spiral rounds are made around it along the entire length with a cord with a low design tensile strength.

4. The rolled-up anchor is placed in the hole 9 with the expanding shell 3 forward so that the loop 7 protrudes from the hole 9 and is accessible for attaching the rope 8 of the car winch.

5. A compressed gas source hose is connected to air valve 2, it is activated and a calculated excess gas pressure is created in the anchor shells.

After completing operations 1-5, the anchor is ready for work.

The load-bearing capacity of the anchor will be determined by the area of the cylindrical outer surface of the stationary shell, the excess gas pressure in the shells of the anchor and the friction forces between the coating material of the shell-mandrel 1 and the inner surface of the hole.

When a load is applied from the rope 8 of the car winch to the traction rope 6 of the anchor, the power cover 5 with the expanding shell 3 placed in it, moving in the axial direction, begins to draw it into the internal open cavity of the shell-mandrel 1 and works like a wedge (Fig. 2). Shells 1, 3 are deformed, their volume decreases, and the excess gas pressure in the anchor increases, respectively, increasing its load-bearing capacity.

After pulling out the stuck car, the air valve 2 is opened, the air from the anchor is released into the atmosphere, after which the anchor is removed from the hole 9.

The folded anchor is transportable and can be reused, including in mining. It is possible to control the load-bearing capacity of the anchor, since it will be determined by the amount of excess gas pressure in the device, which ensures the pressure of the surface of the mandrel shell on the walls of the hole.

The proposed reusable anchor for rocky soils can be used for winching stuck cars in mountainous areas in the absence of fixed objects to which the winch rope can be attached.

In addition, due to the elastic properties of the shell material, the anchor has damping properties, so it can be successfully used as an attachment to rocky soils of road and bridge structures that can withstand dynamic loads.

Used sources:

1. Pulling out objects. Studopedia. ru /1_78537_vitaskivanie -obektov: html.

2. Hand winches. Everything is done by hand. Magazine "4x4 Club". 4x4 Media. 87 - ruchnye - lebedki - vsjo. publ. 02/23/2007.

3. RU No. 2651681 E21D 21/00. Rock anchor bolt.

4. RU No. 2626478 E21D 21/00. Rope anchor.

5. GOST 24 379.1-2012 Foundation bolts. Design and dimensions.

6. RU No. 2470158 E21D 21/00. Anchor bolt with mechanical anchor, publ. December 20, 2012

7. Rubberized vulcanized fabrics TU 59-041-2005.

Claims (1)

A reusable anchor for rocky soils, containing: a sealed closed mandrel shell made of 2-3 layers of rubberized technical fabric in the form of an axially elongated toroid, and the end of the mandrel shell is equipped with an air valve; a cone-shaped expanding sealed shell made of 2-3-layer rubberized technical fabric, placed in a power case made in the shape of a mesh cone made of synthetic cord cord, with a traction rope passed through the internal open cavity of the shell-mandrel with a loop for attaching the winch rope, with In this case, the internal cavities of the shell-mandrel and the expanding shell are connected by an elastic air duct, and the diameter of the base of the cone of the expanding shell in the gas-filled state is larger than the diameter of the internal free cavity of the toroid of the shell-mandrel filled with gas, but less than the outer diameter of the anchor.

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