RU2814162C2 - Cavitation heat generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: cavitation heat generator can be used in heat supply systems in industry, agriculture, transport and domestic facilities. The cavitation heat generator includes a pump, a fluid accelerator, made in the form of a cyclone, with a central hole connected to a cylindrical body containing a braking device and an opening with an outlet pipe connected to the outlet transit pipe and to the suction pipe of the pump, the pressure pipe of which is connected to the tangential inlet pipe of the cyclone. The cyclone and the cylindrical body of the heat generator are placed in a liquid-filled heat exchange casing, on the surface of which there are sealed holes for the tangential inlet pipe of the cyclone and the outlet pipe, as well as inlet and outlet holes for connecting an additional cooling system located in the heat exchange casing.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of the heat generator.

9 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in heat supply systems in industry, agriculture, transport and household facilities. In particular for the efficient production of high-temperature heat, or in large volumes of low-temperature heat, for example, during cavitation disinfection and simultaneous heating of water in swimming pools. In addition, the proposed technical solution can improve the quality of work performed using cavitation technologies - dispersion, homogenization, changing the properties of water, increasing the activity of biological systems, etc.

A known heating installation (“Heating installation has heat source formed by conder of heat pump in which evaporator is acted upon by fuel cell arrangement)”, DE 10002942 A1, class. F24D 3/18, Н01M 8/04, F24H 1/00, publ.: 07/20/2000) operating from a heat pump, in which the condenser transfers heat to the consumer, and the evaporator, due to contact with flue gases, takes away from them part of their residual energy, which otherwise it could be released into the environment. This allows, with minimal effort, to significantly increase the efficiency of the boiler installation as a whole.

However, this heating installation is based on the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and involves the production of flue gases, which requires the extraction of this fuel and pollutes the environment.

A thermogenerating installation is known that contains a heat exchange casing with an outlet pipe, inside which a cylindrical vortex tube is installed with a tangential input and output at one end of the first cylindrical body, a braking device and an outlet at the opposite end of the second cylindrical body, the central part of the cylindrical vortex tube is made in the form of a hollow spiral with inlet and outlet pipes, the turns of which are rigidly connected to each other (RF Patent No. 2 190162, F24D 3/02, priority 05/03/2001, published 09/27/2002, Bulletin No. 27). This design of the central part of the vortex tube determines a developed heat exchange surface, therefore, increasing the efficiency of heat transfer from the body to the liquid inside the heat exchange ring.

However, in this technical solution, the generated heat is obtained from the utilization of hydraulic losses - from friction, sudden expansion of hydraulic flow, its deformation, etc. that is, there is underutilization of a significant resource - periodic cavitation. This device does not have a cyclone, so the tangential input is carried out directly into the cylindrical body and is washed out along its internal cylindrical surface without creating elastic waves in the internal volume. Consequently, cavitation cavities are not created, their collapse does not occur, high energy concentrations are not achieved, there are no mutual transitions of energy types, deep deformation of the liquid, etc.

In the closest technical solution, a heat generator and a device for heating liquids (RF patent No. 2045715, F25B 29/00, priority 04/26/93, published 10/10/95), including a pump, a fluid accelerator, made in the form of a cyclone, with a central hole connected with a cylindrical body containing a braking device and an opening with an outlet pipe connected to the outlet transit pipe and to the suction pipe of the pump, the pressure pipe of which is connected to the tangential inlet pipe of the cyclone, and the suction pipe of the pump is equipped with an inlet transit pipe due to the presence of the cyclone, elastic waves are created in the flowing there is liquid on it.

This occurs due to the fact that the flow moving along a circumferential path in the cyclone is blocked along the cross section on three sides and is ordered. When this circumferential flow meets the tangential one entering the cyclone, it periodically compresses the incoming one, forming a competitive interaction (Fig. 1).

Due to the fact that both of these flows in cross section are each limited on three sides, and with the fourth sides they periodically squeeze each other, their interaction occurs concentrated and not blurred, as is the case with the analogue discussed above. As a result, due to the formation of periodic compression and rarefaction flows during the interaction, the cyclone in this case performs the function of a liquid whistle. Thus, the technical solution under consideration has the additional ability to create and radiate acoustic (elastic) waves into a passing liquid.

The presence of such a circumstance provides this heat generator with an additional resource - the creation of periodic cavitation. Thus, in the vacuum phase of the periodic process, at each embryo (foreign inclusions, microbubbles, etc.), water ruptures with the formation and subsequent growth of cavitation cavities (Fig. 2). In the manometric phase, external pressure, as well as the mechanics of surface tension inside the cavern, cause the counter-movement of its walls at a speed exceeding two speeds of sound, until collision in the final stage of collapse (Fig. 3).

At the point of collapse, the pressure increases to 10 thousand atmospheres, the temperature to 6000°, in this case energy is compacted, as well as its transformation into various forms of magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, mechanical deep deformations, thermal heating of liquids, etc.

However, the transformation of its forms and the implementation of significant physical effects are realized only at a certain density. The level of energy density during collapse is determined by the size of the final volume of the cavern at the moment the counter-moving walls stop (Fig. 4)

where R ₁ is the radius of the cavitation cavity in the final stage of growth;

R ₂ is the radius of the cavitation cavity in the final stage of collapse;

p ₁ - external pressure on the cavitation area;

p ₂ - pressure in the cavitation cavity in the final stage of collapse.

The dimensions of the final volume R ₂ are determined by the processes of evaporation of water from the walls into the cavity and the release of air previously dissolved in water into a free state into the cavern cavity. Moreover, the processes of evaporation and degassing of water are largely determined by temperature. That is, with an increase in the temperature of the water used in the phase of formation and growth of the cavitation cavern, there is an intensification of the evaporation of water into the cavern and an active intake of previously dissolved air from the body of water. At the moment of collapse, these substances create a volume that prevents complete contraction of the cavity, which reduces the achieved energy density (Fig. 5), and therefore reduces the efficiency of the process.

As a result, a paradox occurs - the heat generator is designed to increase the temperature of the treated water - on the one hand.

Heating water significantly reduces the efficiency of the heat generator's operating process (Fig. 6) - on the other hand. That is, there is a technical contradiction.

Thus, the cavitation heating mechanism includes:

- creation of a sound field of propagating elastic waves in a body of water;

- formation of cavitation cavities during the vacuum phase of the passage of each wave, which during collapse compress energy to ultra-high values;

- high energy density ensures mutual transitions of its forms and energy production, changes in the properties of water, etc.

As a result, the heat generator according to RF patent No. 2045715 is a simple macro-tool for penetrating into the nanoworld and carrying out useful activities on the nanoscale. The direction under consideration is very relevant, since with available inexpensive means it is possible to penetrate into the nanoworld and create and develop new technologies at this level. Consequently, there is a sense and necessity to develop and improve technical means that create periodic cavitation in liquids.

The purpose of the proposed technical solution is to increase the efficiency of the heat generator by introducing a cooling system for cavitation areas, which will reduce the final volumes of collapsing cavities and increase the energy density during the working process.

To achieve this goal in a known heat generator, including a pump, a fluid accelerator, made in the form of a cyclone, with a central hole connected to a cylindrical body containing a brake device and an opening with an outlet pipe connected to the outlet transit pipe and to the suction pipe of the pump, the pressure pipe of which connected to the tangential inlet pipe of the cyclone, the cyclone and the cylindrical body of the heat generator are placed in a heat exchange ring filled with liquid, on the surface of which there are sealed holes for the tangential inlet pipe of the cyclone and the outlet pipe, as well as inlet and outlet holes for connecting an additional cooling system located in the heat exchange ring

Wherein:

- the cooling system is made in the form of a heat pump, including a heat exchanger-evaporator located in a heat exchange cage, a heat exchanger-condenser located in the outlet transit pipe, a vacuum pump, a throttle, connected by pipelines in a closed loop and filled with refrigerant.

- the cooling system is made in the form of a heat pump, including heat exchangers-evaporators, the first of which is located in the heat exchange ring, and the second in the output transit pipe, and a heat exchanger-condenser located in an additional branch of the output transit pipe.

- the cooling system is made in the form of a pipeline for water supply and a drainage pipeline, connected, respectively, through the inlet and outlet openings in the heat exchange casing.

- the cooling system is made in the form of a Dewar vessel, configured to supply liquid nitrogen vapor through the inlet hole in the heat exchange chamber.

- the cooling system is made in the form of a pipeline for supplying water and a drainage pipeline connected, respectively, through the inlet and outlet openings in the heat exchange chamber and in the form of a Dewar vessel, configured to supply liquid nitrogen vapor through an additional inlet opening in the heat exchange chamber.

- the heat exchanger-cooler is made in the form of a spiral pipeline covering a cylindrical body.

- the inlet and outlet openings are spaced diametrically and along the length of the heat exchange casing, with the outlet opening located above the inlet.

- a valve is installed on the branch of the outlet transit pipe.

Placing the cyclone and the cylindrical body of the cavitation heat generator in a liquid-filled heat exchange ring ensures cooling of the cavitation zones, which makes it possible to reduce water evaporation and reduce the release of air from the water into the resulting cavitation cavities. As a result, during the next phase of the life of each cavitation cavity - collapse, its walls stop later, compared with the original version, causing a smaller final volume, and therefore a higher energy density (higher pressure), higher efficiency of technological processes, in particular, a larger number of generated thermal energy.

Placing sealed holes on the surface of the heat exchange casing for the tangential inlet pipe of the cyclone and the outlet pipe makes it possible for the cavitation heat generator to operate in various operating modes due to the supply and removal of transit flow.

The presence of inlet and outlet openings for connecting an additional cooling system located in the heat exchange casing ensures the removal of heat taken from the cavitation area by the circulating liquid.

However, in this case, the generated heat is distributed between the transit flow of liquid and the cooling flow passing through the heat exchange ring - that is, a larger total amount of heat is obtained (transit flow plus drainage), but at a low temperature.

Making the cooling system in the form of a heat pump, including an evaporator heat exchanger located in a heat exchange cage, a condenser heat exchanger located in the outlet transit pipe, a vacuum pump, a throttle connected by pipelines in a closed loop and filled with refrigerant provides, firstly, additional heat extraction from the cyclone and the cylindrical body. Secondly, the transfer of this heat to the output transit flow, resulting in a larger amount of heat and a higher temperature compared to the original version.

Constructing a heat pump in the form of heat exchangers-evaporators, the first of which is located in the heat exchange ring, and the second, in the output transit pipe, and a heat exchanger-condenser in an additional branch of the output transit pipe ensures the selection of heat from both the used cooling water and part of the heated transit flow and transferring the sum of these thermal energies to a second smaller portion of the heated transit stream. The considered measure makes it possible to obtain hotter water in the second branch transit flow, and with greater efficiency than at low flow rates of the transit flow with a traditional working process. Installing a valve on a branch of the outlet transit pipe allows you to adjust and configure the device to a given temperature. The combination of an adjustable second pipe with a heat pump containing two heat exchangers - evaporator and one heat exchanger-condenser is a heat transformer.

The implementation of the cooling system in the form of a pipeline for water supply and a drainage pipeline, connected, respectively, through the inlet and outlet openings in the heat exchange casing provides a general increase in the generated heat, but part of it is lost irretrievably, leaving with the cooling flow into the drainage. This technical solution is appropriate when using a heat generator in the form of a cavitation dispersant, homogenizer, water treatment device, etc. In addition, this use case is appropriate for heating and simultaneous cavitation disinfection of water in swimming pools, where a large amount of low-temperature heat is required. In this case, cooling of the cyclone and the cylindrical body is achieved by more accessible and cheaper means - only tap water. Moreover, the inlet and outlet openings are spaced diametrically and along the length of the heat exchange ring, which makes it possible to wash the cylindrical body with cooling water along its entire length. The location of the outlet above the inlet allows the heated cooling water to be removed, since its density is lower and it collects from above.

The implementation of the cooling system in the form of a Dewar vessel, made with the possibility of supplying liquid nitrogen steam through the inlet hole in the heat exchange chamber, provides deeper cooling of the cavitation zones (without freezing of water), and therefore greater efficiency of the cavitation process, since in this case it is released into the cavity of the cavitation cavity the amount of steam and air is minimal and the energy density achieved is the highest. However, the cost of such a technical solution is increased due to the need for constant availability of liquid nitrogen.

A solution to the problem of replenishing ice in the heat exchange ring can be provided by implementing a cooling system in the form of a water supply pipeline and a drainage pipeline connected, respectively, through the inlet and outlet holes in the heat exchange ring and liquid nitrogen vapor supplied from the Dewar vessel through an additional inlet hole in the heat exchange ring. In this case, gaseous vapors of liquid nitrogen entering the water in the required quantity cause the formation of ice in it, which, due to buoyancy, cools the upper layers of cooling water that are most heated in the heat exchange ring. In this case, the necessary cooling effect corresponding to the “ice” option is achieved, and the consumption of liquid nitrogen is reduced, in comparison with the case with the gaseous option of contact with the cooled object, since the main heat is removed by cooling water.

Making the cooler heat exchanger in the form of a spiral pipeline enclosing a cylindrical body ensures more complete heat removal from the cylindrical body due to the developed cooled surface and closer and more direct contact of the cylindrical body and the refrigerant.

The proposed invention is illustrated by the following illustrations:

Fig. 1. The mechanism of sound generation in the cyclone of a cavitation heat generator (diameter section of the cyclone Fig. 9, A-A).

Fig. 2. Visualization of life and location of cavitation caverns.

Fig. 3. The nature of changes in cavity dimensions over time.

Fig. 4. Diagram of the collapse of a cavitation cavern during the diffusion of air and water vapor into its volume.

Fig. 5. Interpretation of the results of calculating the pressure (energy density) in the cavern at the final stage of its collapse at different operating temperatures of the heat generator.

Fig. 6. Thermal characteristics of the original heat generator:

a) temperature; b) thermal.

Fig. 7. Cavitation heat generator equipped with a heat pump.

Fig. 8. Cavitation heat generator equipped with a water cooler.

Fig. 9. Cavitation heat generator with cooling by liquid nitrogen vapor.

Fig. 10. Cavitation heat generator with a combined cooling system - tap water and liquid nitrogen vapor.

Fig. 11. Option of a cavitation heat generator, equipped with an additional transit outlet pipe and a heat pump with two evaporators, to obtain increased temperatures of the output transit flow.

Fig. 12. Cavitation heat generator with a tubular body.

The cavitation heat generator includes a pump 1, a fluid accelerator made in the form of a cyclone 2, with a central hole 3 connected to a cylindrical body 4 containing a braking device 5 (Fig. 8) and hole 6 (Fig. 8) with an outlet pipe 7 connected to an output transit pipe 8 and a return pipeline 9 with a suction pipe 10 of pump 1, the pressure pipe 11 of which is connected to the tangential inlet pipe 12 (Fig. 1) of the cyclone 2, the suction pipe 10 of pump 1 is equipped with an inlet transit pipe 13, the cyclone 2 and the cylindrical body 4 of the heat generator placed in a heat exchanger 14, on the surface of which there are sealed holes 15, 16 for the tangential inlet pipe of the cyclone 12, outlet pipe 7, inlet 17 and outlet 18 for supplying and discharging coolant (Fig. 8), as well as for connecting the cooling system 19, 20 in the form of a heat pump, including a heat exchanger - evaporator 21, located in a heat exchange ring 14, a heat exchanger-condenser 22, located in the outlet transit pipe 8, a vacuum pump 23, a throttle 24, connected by pipelines 25 in a closed loop and filled with refrigerant (Fig. . 7).

For a functional version of the device with cooling by liquid nitrogen vapor, a Dewar vessel 27 with liquid nitrogen is connected to the inlet 17 (Fig. 9). In the holder 14 there are low-temperature vapors of liquid nitrogen 28, supplied through pipeline 29.

For a functional version of the device with cooling by liquid nitrogen vapor in combination with water (Fig. 10), tube 29 for supplying nitrogen vapor is buried under the water level 33 in the heat exchange ring 14.

To obtain elevated temperatures, the initial circuit (Fig. 7) of a cavitation heat generator with a heat pump is equipped with:

- additional outlet pipe 36 in combination with control valve 37;

- additional heat exchanger 38, performing the function of a condenser-heater.

Heat exchangers 21 and 22 of the original circuit (Fig. 7) in the new version of use perform the function of evaporator-coolers, therefore, the connection diagram of the throttle 24, vacuum pump 23 involves the selection of heat by these heat exchangers (21,22) from the water in the cylindrical body 4 and from the water in outlet pipe 8 and transfer of this heat to water already heated in the cavitation heat generator by condenser-heater 38.

To increase the efficiency of the cavitation heat generator's working process by increasing heat transfer from heated water from the cylindrical body to the coolant, the cylindrical body (position 4 in the original design) is made in the form of a coil 40 of pipes (of various configurations in cross section).

The cavitation heat generator under consideration operates as follows.

Option with a cooling system in the form of a heat pump (Fig. 7).

Before starting work, the working space of the cavitation heat generator is filled with water through the inlet transit pipe 13. The internal volume of the heat exchange ring 14 is filled with coolant, for example water, through holes either 19 or 20. The heat pump circuit, including a vacuum pump 23, a heat exchanger-condenser 22, a throttle 24, heat exchanger-evaporator 21 is filled with a low-boiling liquid, for example freon.

When pump 1 is started, water circulates through a small circulation circuit: pump 1 - cyclone 2 - cylindrical body 4 - return pipeline 9. At the same time, periodic zones are created in cyclone 2 (Fig. 1) due to the interaction of competing intersecting flows (input tangential and circumferential) compactions that form wave fronts propagating from the source of their formation.

Another source of sound generation is the space occupied by the braking device 5 (Fig. 8), where periodic cavitation also occurs. The sound generation mechanism in this case is as follows - the rotating liquid from the cyclone 2 enters the cylindrical body 4, through which it moves in the form of a vortex flow to the outlet 6 and then into the outlet pipe 7. Due to the vortex component of the flow, the liquid interacts with the console plates of the brake devices 5 that perform oscillatory movements with a frequency determined by their rigidity and their geometric parameters. These plates also become sources of sound production.

In addition, the middle of the cylindrical body 4 is also a source of sound generation, since the sound fronts in the cylindrical body 4 from its edges move towards each other. When the wavelengths and frequencies of the sound fronts coincide and the length of the cylindrical body 4 is equal to half the wavelength, a standing wave is formed with an antinode in the middle of the cylindrical body 4.

As the vacuum phase of each wave passes through the nuclei in water, it breaks with the subsequent formation and growth of cavities. In the manometric phase of the passing wave, these cavities collapse (Fig. 4) with a speed of counter-movement of the walls exceeding two speeds of sound in the liquid. At the moment of collapse, energy is compressed to ultra-high values, which causes highly efficient heating of water. However, heating the water prevents the full development of the process due to intense evaporation of water and degassing of air inside each cavern (Fig. 4).

To reduce the negative accompanying processes of evaporation and degassing, the cooling system is turned on by starting the vacuum pump 23. It pumps the low-boiling liquid into the heat exchanger 22, in which, due to the high pressure it creates in front of the throttle 24, as a local resistance, the gas is compressed, turning into a liquid. The transition of the refrigerant into a liquid aggregate state is accompanied by the release of heat, which provides additional heating of the water already heated in the cavitation heat generator and exiting through the outlet transit pipe 8.

Then, after passing through the throttle 24, the low-boiling liquid, due to a decrease in pressure, goes back into a gaseous state with the absorption of heat, which is taken through the heat exchanger 21 from the cylindrical body 4 through water 33 (Fig. 10), filling the heat exchange cage.

As a result, in the design of the cavitation heat generator under consideration, heat is removed from the cyclone 2 and the cylindrical body 4, which improves the conditions for the cavitation process and increases its efficiency. On the other hand, the selected heat from the problem parts of the cyclone 2 and the cylindrical body 4 is added to the heat flow from the internal volume of the cavitation heat generator. In this case, the total volume of generated heat exceeds the amount of generated heat of the original version (prototype).

An option with a cooling system in the form of running tap water (Fig. 8), similar to the above case, before starting work, fill with water both the internal working cavity of the circuit: pump 1 - cyclone 2 - cylindrical body 4 - return pipeline 9 through the inlet transit pipe 13, and heat exchange ring 14 through the inlet pipe 17.

When pump 1 is started, the cavitation heat generator itself operates in normal mode - a sound field is created in the cyclone, generating periodic cavitation; in the space occupied by the braking device 5, periodic cavitation also occurs; in the middle of the cylindrical body due to the created standing wave - periodic cavitation also occurs. Periodic cavitation in these zones leads to the compaction of energy at local points to ultra-high values and thereby to highly efficient heating of water. To maintain the efficiency of the cavitation process by reducing evaporation and degassing inside the cavitation caverns, the water in the circulation circuit is cooled by contact through the walls of the cyclone 2 and the cylindrical body 4, enclosed in a heat exchange ring 14 with cooled water. Water exchange for proper cooling is carried out through the inlet 17 and outlet 18 pipes with a flow rate

The recommended application of the cooling scheme under consideration is to obtain a large amount of low-temperature heat by additionally recycling it from the coolant, for example, to heat water in swimming pools. In this case, the total amount of heat is the same as in Fig. 7 exceeds the heat generated by the original design.

The option with cooling with liquid nitrogen vapor (Fig. 9) differs from the above cases in that liquid nitrogen vapor with the required flow rate is used as a cooling material

Liquid nitrogen vapor from the Dewar vessel 27 enters through pipe 17 into the heat exchange chamber 4, removes heat from the cyclone 2 and the cylindrical body 4 and is then removed into the atmosphere through pipe 18. The degree of cooling is regulated by the flow rate of nitrogen vapor by throttling on pipes 17 or 18 (in Fig. 9 not shown).

This cooling scheme is simple in design, but in it the heat removed is lost due to the fact that it is carried away along with the cooling material. It can be used when performing technological operations (dispersion, homogenization, desalination, etc.), in which heat generation is not relevant, and most importantly, it is necessary to obtain the desired product of the required quality.

The gaseous coolant is a more mobile substance, which allows for more reliable cooling of the most active cavitation zones. However, the cost of liquid nitrogen is considerable and therefore the cooling option under consideration can be used in especially critical cases.

The option with a combined cooling system - tap water and liquid nitrogen vapor (Fig. 10) combines long-term continuity of the cooling process and economical consumption of liquid nitrogen. In this case, the output end of the hose 29 supplying liquid nitrogen vapor from the Dewar vessel 27 to the heat exchanger 14 is buried under the level of liquid (water) 33. The continuous flow of liquid nitrogen vapor into water 33 provides, firstly, direct cooling of the water by contact method, secondly secondly, the formation of pieces of ice. Due to the intermediate stage between liquid nitrogen and the cooled object - ice formation, the temperature of the coolant is constant and corresponds to t = 0°, which determines the constancy of the conditions for the cavitation process. On the other hand, the procedure for periodically loading ice 30 into the heat exchanger 14 for a long time is eliminated, which makes it possible to automate technological processes on this basis. Periodic replacement of water can be carried out through pipes 17, 18.

A variant of a cavitation heat generator, equipped with an additional transit outlet pipe and a heat pump with two evaporator heat exchangers (Fig. 11), to obtain elevated temperatures of the output transit flow works as follows. The cavitation heat generator itself operates similarly to the cavitation heat generators discussed in the above options, namely, water under the action of pump 1 moves along the circulation circuit: pump 1 - cyclone 2 - cylindrical body 4 - return pipeline 9. Passing zones of periodic cavitation: in cyclone 2, in brake device 5, in the middle part of the cylindrical body 4, the water is heated to a favorable temperature t=30°-40°. In this case, there is minimal evaporation and degassing into periodically formed and collapsing cavitation cavities. To select the produced heat along with water from the cavitation heat generator, water is drained through the output transit pipe 8, and to compensate for the selected water, it is replenished through the inlet transit pipe 13. In this case, the output transit pipe 8 has a branch 36, through which part q ₃ is separated from output transit flow The relationship between parts q ₃ and regulated by valve 37.

The cooling system includes a vacuum pump 23, a heat exchanger-condenser 38, a throttle 24 and parallel-connected heat exchangers-evaporators 21 and 22. The vacuum pump 23 receives gaseous refrigerant from the heat exchangers-evaporators 21, 22 and pumps it into the heat exchanger-condenser 38, located in additional outlet transit pipe 36. Due to the resistance to the flow of refrigerant from the throttle 24 and due to the injection by the vacuum pump 23, the pressure in the heat exchanger-condenser 38 increases and the gaseous refrigerant passes into a liquid aggregate state, which is accompanied by the release of heat, which is additionally transferred to the already heated in cavitation heat generator part q ₃ of the output transit flow

The refrigerant flow through the heat exchanger-condenser 38 exceeds each of the flow rates of the heat exchangers-evaporators 21 and 22, therefore, more thermal energy is delivered through the heat exchanger-condenser 38 than is taken through each of the heat exchangers-evaporators 21, 22 and the flow q ₃ is heated to a temperature t ₃ , exceeding the temperature t ₂ of the flow from the cavitation heat generator.

Thus, increasing the number of heat exchangers-evaporators and placing them in several hot spots, in the heat exchange ring 14 and in the output transit pipe 8 provides a larger volume of extracted heat, which is then transferred to a smaller part of the output transit flow q ₃ . In this case, the heat pump in combination with valve 37 acts as a heat transformer. It collects thermal energy both from the cooling process from the heat exchange casing and from one of the parts q ₂ of the output transit (useful) flow and transfers it to another part q ₃ of the output transit (also useful) flow. The smaller the value of q ₃ , the higher its temperature t ₃ . The value of the transformation ratio is determined by the degree of closure of valve 37.

As a result, the temperature t ₃ is achieved:

Firstly, the residence time of each particle of water inside the cavitation heat generator, that is, the flow rate In this case, each particle of water inside the cavitation heat generator decreases performs an increased number of cycles through cavitation zones (since the rate of water exchange decreases) and is more exposed to cavitation effects, therefore, contributing to a greater release of thermal energy (taking into account cooling). A significant portion of the generated heat is removed by the cooling system.

Secondly, from the larger volume of produced thermal energy, as well as by increasing its donor part by valve 37, the consumer flow rate q ₃ is heated to higher temperatures t ₃ due to the functioning of the heat pump.

Cavitation heat generator with a tubular body (Fig. 12), formed by spiral winding of hollow pipes around a cylindrical surface. The operation of this cooler is similar to the workflow shown in FIG. 7. Vacuum pump 23 pumps refrigerant into the heat exchanger - condenser 22, in which condensation of gaseous refrigerant occurs with heat transfer to the output flow Condensation occurs due to an increase in pressure in the heat exchanger-condenser 22, due to the hydraulic resistance created by the throttle 24. After the throttle 24 in the turns of the housing 40, the pressure drops, the refrigerant (low-boiling liquid) again goes into a gaseous state with a decrease in temperature and the extraction of thermal energy from the working fluid , located inside the housing 40 of the cavitation heat generator.

This tubular design of the walls of the housing 40 is characterized by a more ordered flow and longer contact of each of the refrigerant particles with the liquid cooled inside the cavitation heat generator.

The above circumstances in the development of the cavitation heat generator design determine the following possible directions for its use:

effective use of a cavitation heat generator to perform various other technological operations (dispersion, homogenization, desalination) when using a cooling system only for heat extraction - cooling with running water, cooling with ice, cooling with liquid nitrogen vapor, etc.;

highly efficient production of thermal energy with the beneficial use of thermal energy selected during cooling for additional heating of the output transit flow by using a heat pump in the cooling system;

- effective production of a highly heated output transit flow by recycling the thermal energy selected during cooling into the output transit flow, as well as by developing a heat pump into a heat transformer.

Moreover, the production of thermal energy (the second and third of the above directions) is accompanied by a general increase in the heat produced compared to the use of the prototype.

Thus, as a result of introducing a cooling system around the cavitation areas, the efficiency of the cavitation heat generator increases due to the fact that, as the temperature in the cavitation area decreases, the diffusion of air dissolved in water and water vapor into the growing cavities decreases. Therefore, in the subsequent phase of the life of each cavity - collapse, its volume decreases to smaller sizes, which increases the energy density (pressure, temperature), increases the stress gradient, the depth of deformation in the body of water and leads to increased heat production. At the same time, carrying out the event under consideration allows us to expand the range of temperatures obtained and options for using a cavitation heat generator

The emergence of the proposed technical solutions determines the relevance of the further development of cavitation technologies, expands their capabilities, and also makes feasible those processes that were previously impossible.

Claims (9)

1. Cavitation heat generator, including a pump, a fluid accelerator, made in the form of a cyclone, with a central hole connected to a cylindrical body containing a braking device and an opening with an outlet pipe connected to the outlet transit pipe and to the suction pipe of the pump, the pressure pipe of which is connected to the tangential cyclone inlet pipe, characterized in that the cyclone and the cylindrical body of the heat generator are placed in a liquid-filled heat exchange chamber, on the surface of which there are sealed holes for the tangential inlet pipe of the cyclone and the outlet pipe, as well as inlet and outlet holes for connecting an additional cooling system located in the heat exchange chamber clip. 2. Cavitation heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system is made in the form of a heat pump, including an evaporator heat exchanger located in a heat exchange cage, a condenser heat exchanger located in the outlet transit pipe, a vacuum pump, a throttle connected by pipelines in a closed circuit and filled with refrigerant. 3. Cavitation heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system is made in the form of a heat pump, including heat exchangers-evaporators, the first of which is located in the heat exchange ring, and the second in the outlet transit pipe, and a heat exchanger-condenser located in an additional branch output transit pipe. 4. Cavitation heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system is made in the form of a water supply pipeline and a drainage pipeline, connected, respectively, through the inlet and outlet holes in the heat exchange casing. 5. Cavitation heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system is made in the form of a Dewar vessel, configured to supply liquid nitrogen vapor through the inlet hole in the heat exchange chamber. 6. Cavitation heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system is made in the form of a water supply pipeline and a drainage pipeline connected, respectively, through the inlet and outlet openings in the heat exchange casing and in the form of a Dewar vessel, made with the possibility of supply through an additional inlet hole in the liquid nitrogen vapor heat exchanger. 7. Cavitation heat generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger-evaporator is made in the form of a spiral pipeline covering a cylindrical body. 8. Cavitation heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet and outlet holes are spaced diametrically and along the length of the heat exchange casing, while the outlet hole is located above the inlet hole. 9. Cavitation heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a valve is installed on the branch of the outlet transit pipe.

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