RU2813346C1 - Shooting training complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shooter training.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of technical means for training, teaching bullet shooting and monitoring the accuracy of a bullet hit and concerns a training shooting complex. The shooting training complex contains two sources of laser radiation, a sensor for the moment a bullet leaves the barrel, an image recording device and a computing unit. Laser radiation sources are mounted on the rifle barrel so that when aiming at a target, two spaced apart laser spots appear near the target. The image capturing device is configured to transmit an image of the target and two spaced apart laser spots to the computing unit. The sensor for the moment the bullet leaves the barrel is configured to transmit a signal to the computing unit to measure the bullet's flight time. The computing unit is configured to calculate, from the received data, errors caused by pointing the rifle at the target, pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot, using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and stalling of the rifle.

EFFECT: increasing the information content of data on the position of a small weapon relative to the target during the process of aiming and firing a bullet shot, as well as on the deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed.

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Description

The invention relates to technical means for training, teaching bullet shooting and monitoring the accuracy of a bullet hit with a separate assessment of shot errors caused by pointing the rifle at the target, pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot, using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and stalling of the rifle.

There are known inventions of simulators for teaching techniques and skills of shooting from sports weapons without the use of ammunition [RU No. 2151361, publ. 06/20/2000; RU No. 2210051, publ. 08/10/2003], including using a model of small arms [RU No. 2620744, publ. 05.29.2017] or a weapon simulator [RU No. 1316370, convention priority 03.26.1985 SU 853874220, RU No. 2347171, publ. November 23, 2006].

The disadvantage of these inventions is the absence of bullet shooting and therefore they can only teach how to reduce the error in pointing a weapon at a target.

A known shooting simulator [RU No. 2527371, publ. 08/27/2014] for training, training and control of the aiming process for visual and instrumental observation, control and registration of the aiming process in real time when firing a cartridge.

The disadvantage of this invention is the lack of control and registration of separate components of shot errors caused by pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot, the use of a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and the rifle falling down.

The closest technical solution adopted as a prototype is the shooting training complex [RU No. 2766926, publ. 03/16/2022], relating to technical means for training, teaching and monitoring the accuracy of a bullet hit.

The shooting training complex contains a computer unit, a screen, an image recording device, an acoustic element, a projection and lighting device. The projection device is configured to receive information from the computing unit to form a projection of the target on the screen. The image capturing device is configured to transmit the resulting image to a computing unit to calculate the degree of target damage. The acoustic element is configured to receive or transmit an audio signal to the computing unit to detect the presence of a shot. The screen is equipped with panels that are located parallel to each other in such a way that one panel is located opposite the shooter, and the other panel is located behind the first panel, an automatic drive that is built into the screen or located on the outside of the screen; and coils. The drive and coils are configured to move the panel to close the formed holes with an undamaged part of another panel. The safety of the shooter at the firing line increases.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to separate errors, fixing the sum of all errors without separating them, which does not make it possible to effectively practice practical shooting skills with firearms.

The problem solved by the claimed technical device is to enable the shooter to find out the measured value and direction of each shot error, separately for each individual impact of the shooter and cartridge on the result of the shot, to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between their effects and the measurement result of each specific error, and Accordingly, it is faster and more reliable to achieve high results.

The technical result consists in increasing the information content about the position of a small weapon relative to the target during the process of aiming and firing a bullet shot, as well as about the deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed.

To achieve the technical result, a training shooting complex is proposed, containing a computing unit, an image recording device, characterized in that the complex contains two sources of laser radiation and a sensor for the moment the bullet leaves the barrel,

wherein the image capturing device is configured to transmit an image of the target and two spaced laser spots to the computing unit for calculating errors caused by pointing the rifle at the target, pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot, using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and stalling of the rifle,

two laser radiation sources are designed to be installed on the rifle barrel so that when aiming at a target, two spaced apart laser spots appear near the target,

The sensor for the moment the bullet leaves the barrel is configured to transmit its signal to the computing unit for calculating errors caused by pointing the rifle at the target, pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot, using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and stalling of the rifle.

Two sources of laser radiation are necessary to transfer information about the orientation of the weapon relative to the target to the target field before and during the shot.

The image capture device captures a joint image of the target and two spaced laser spots on each photo frame, converts this image into electronic form and transmits it to the computing unit.

To accurately measure the error due to the recoil of the weapon, the error due to the use of a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and the error that occurs when the rifle is stalled, the image capture device is required to have a high frame rate.

The bullet departure moment sensor records the moment in time when the bullet begins to fly freely. Such a sensor could be a microphone mounted close to the rifle barrel, an acceleration sensor mounted on the barrel, a pressure sensor mounted at the end of the barrel, a photosensor mounted at the end of the barrel, etc. The sensor for the moment of bullet departure is connected to a computer to select a photo frame corresponding to the moment in time when the bullet begins to fly freely.

Functionally, the device for training bullet shooting works as follows:

Two laser radiation sources create two laser spots on the target field, which, together with the target, are recorded by an image capture device. The image transmission device transmits each photo frame to a computing unit, which records the time instants of transmission of the image photo frames and calculates the coordinates of the centers of the laser spots and the target. When a weapon is fired, the bullet departure moment sensor transmits a signal to a computing device to record the bullet departure time. The computing unit analyzes the incoming photo frames of the image to record the moment in time when a bullet hole appeared on the target. Based on the difference between the time the bullet leaves and the time the hole appears, the computing unit calculates the bullet’s flight time, and then, based on the known distance, calculates the bullet’s flight speed; in addition, it calculates the error caused by using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet’s speed from the nominal speed. Based on the change in time of the coordinates of the centers of the laser spots, the computing unit calculates the errors caused by pointing the rifle at the target, pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot and stalling of the rifle.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. In fig. 1 provides a graphic explanation of the angle calculation stalling the rifle, determining the coordinates and errors of the aiming point. It shows a target and two spaced apart laser spots, indicated by dotted lines, and their centers by the letters A and B. In FIG. Figure 2 shows a graphical representation of the error of a bullet shot depending on the stall angle of the rifle

To confirm the possibility of implementing the invention and obtaining a technical result, detailed information and calculation formulas are provided below.

To set the origin of the angle First, exemplary aiming was performed, for example, using a sighting machine. In this case, the angle is fixed which corresponds to the zero-candle position of the rifle. This sample frame is taken by a camera and transferred to a computer for storage and calculations. Using a reference frame, the aiming point M ₀ and, corresponding to this aiming, the position of the laser spots are geometrically linked. In fig. 1, all designations for the sample frame are made using a zero index, and auxiliary lines are indicated by short strokes.

During training aiming, an angle appears which is shown schematically in Fig. 1.

The image of the target and laser spots in the photo frame is reproduced using pixel matrices of a digital camera, in which the pixels are located in the crosshairs of a rectangular grid, which greatly simplifies the representation and analysis of optical objects in rectangular coordinates.

Using special software and a computer, the coordinates of the centers of the laser spots and the center of the target are determined.

If in an arbitrarily given rectangular coordinate system (Fig. 1) we determine the coordinates of points A ₀ (X _A0 , Y _A0 ) and B ₀ (X _B0 , Y _B0 ), obtained during exemplary aiming, then the distances R _A0M , R _B0M and R _A0B0 and angles α, β obtained on the sample frame will be preserved on other frames, if you do not change the distance between the target and the camera, as well as between the target and the rifle. That is, the size of the triangle A ₀ B ₀ M ₀ obtained on the sample frame will be preserved on other frames.

Naturally, during the aiming being studied, this triangle will shift relative to the target and will receive a new position, which is designated ABM. It is important to distinguish between two options for bias, or in other words, errors.

The first option is when the AB line is parallel to the A ₀ B ₀ line, and errors will occur due to pointing the rifle at the target. In this case, points M ₀ and M will not coincide. To find the position of point M geometrically, it is necessary to construct a triangle using one side AB of the triangle and two adjacent angles α and β obtained on the sample frame.

The second option is when an angle is formed between these lines and there is no offset, this is the option shown in Fig. 1, then an error will occur due only to the stalling of the rifle, and points M ₀ and M will coincide. In practice, both options will be present together.

To confirm the feasibility of error measurements, the following presents the mathematical software procedures that must be performed to separate and measure the errors already mentioned. First, let's calculate the error caused by pointing the rifle at the target. This error is not related to the bullet shot.

Using the rectangular coordinates of points A ₀ (X _A0 , Y _A0 ) and B ₀ (X _B0 , Y _B0 ), obtained during exemplary aiming at the center of the target, we use the equation of the line connecting points A ₀ and B ₀ . It is known that it looks like this:

where Y is the current ordinate of the line, and X is the abscissa of the line.

After transforming the form of the equation, we get:

In a rectangular coordinate system, positive angles are plotted counterclockwise from the x-axis, so according to Fig. 1 slope for the line between points A ₀ , B ₀ will be written as

moving to the corner, we get:

Similarly, using the coordinates of points A ₀ (X _A0 , Y _A0 ) and the coordinates of the center of the target M ₀ (X _M0 , Y _M0 ), we obtain the equation of the line connecting these points:

and find the angles:

Also for a line with points B ₀ (X _B0 , Y _B0 ) and M ₀ (X _M0 , Y _M0 ):

Using formulas (4), (7) and (10), we calculate the angles of interest, which will be used in the future:

For the studied aiming, also shown in Fig. 1 let's repeat the calculations.

Using the coordinates of points A (X _A , Y _A ) and B (X _B , Y _B ), we obtain the equation of the line connecting these points:

moving to the corner, we get:

For the new line AM, only the coordinates of point A (X _A , Y _A ) are known and its angle α relative to line AB is known, then according to Fig. 1 find the angle relative to line X, and we obtain the equation of line AM:

Also for line BM, the coordinates of point B (X _B , Y _B ) are known and its angle β relative to line AB is known, then according to Fig. 1 find the angle relative to line X, and we obtain the equation of the BM line:

It is known that the coordinates of the intersection point M of two straight lines Y=k ₁ X+b ₁ , Y=k ₂ X+b ₂ are found according to the formulas:

where k is the slope

We use the results obtained in formulas (19) and (18) for the equations of the straight line AM and the line BM intersecting with it (21), (20) with other notations adopted in formula (22):

After calculating the values of expressions (23) and (24) and entering them into (22), we obtain the coordinates of point M.

Using the calculated coordinates X _M and Y _M for the aiming under study and using the previously obtained coordinates X _M0 , Y _M0 , we present the rifle pointing error vector in a rectangular coordinate system:

Each error occurs in due time. Thanks to frame-by-frame recording in a computer, measurement information becomes available for desk processing in any time interval of interest. It is advisable to analyze the graph of the error vector of pointing the rifle at the target and the graph of the error vector when the rifle is stalled in the time interval ending with the moment the bullet leaves the rifle. The start of the interval can be selected 2-3 seconds earlier.

Let us consider the behavior of the error in pointing a rifle at a target, which is characteristic of bullet shooting at different time intervals. At a point in time, for example, 20-100 ms before the trigger mechanism is activated, the trigger is pressed, which causes an additional error in pointing the rifle at the target.

Using the low acceleration value of the rifle pointing error vector while aiming, and extrapolating it to a specified short time interval, for example, 20-100 ms, find the difference between the measured value of the error vector corresponding to the end of the specified time interval and the extrapolated value of the error vector for this same point in time. This difference is used to estimate the hook release error vector.

The extrapolated value of the error vector does not take into account the additional error that occurs when the trigger is pulled. The measured error vector corresponding to the end of the specified time interval reflects the sum of the extrapolated value of the error vector and the additional error of pressing the trigger.

M ₀ the moment of actuation of the trigger mechanism can be found as preceding, for example, 3.5 ms the moment of bullet departure, recorded by the sensor of the moment of bullet departure.

The error arising from the recoil of a shot is assessed in a time interval starting, for example, 3.5 ms before the bullet leaves the rifle barrel and ends at the moment the bullet leaves the rifle. Taking into account the large magnitude of the rifle's acceleration and the short time of acceleration, the error vector from the impact of the weapon's recoil can be defined as the difference between the rifle pointing error vector corresponding to the moment the bullet takes off and the rifle pointing error vector corresponding to the moment the bullet begins to move in the barrel.

Let's consider measuring the error caused by using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and the error caused by the rifle falling down.

In case the angle then there is no stall error, and if then it is necessary to calculate the stall error. This error is due to the fact that the bullet does not fly in a straight line. During the flight, the bullet is affected by the force of gravity, which is directed downward. This leads to the fact that during the flight time of the bullet t _pp the bullet moves vertically downward by the falling distance R _p :

where g is the acceleration of free fall; the average taken is 9.81 m/s ² .

It is clear that to take into account the displacement of a bullet, it is necessary to know its flight time.

The computer, using software, records the frame number with the sensor mark at the moment the bullet leaves and the frame number when the bullet hole appears on the target. The value of the difference in frame numbers is determined, which is multiplied by the period of the frames, for example, by 0.5 ms, and thus the flight time of the bullet is measured.

The quality of a cartridge is usually assessed by the stability of the bullet's flight speed. To evaluate a series of cartridges, the average value of the bullet flight speed V _sp for a given distance R _z is used. This value can be considered the nominal _VH . Then the nominal flight time of the bullet is t _npp = R _z / V _n . Using formula (26) we find the value of the nominal distance of the bullet falling R _np .

Using formula (26), using a computer, R _n is calculated for the current fired shot and the deviation of the measured R _n from the nominal R _n is calculated, which determines the error ΔR _n = R _n - R _n , caused by the use of a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed. It should be noted that the vector of this error is directed vertically downwards.

Knowing the error ΔR _n , it can be subtracted from the overall result of the error, it can be displayed on the monitor as a result of measuring this error, and the results of measuring these errors can be accumulated during the use of one batch of cartridges in order to assess its quality.

Usually, by raising the sighting frame of the rifle, the sight line is lowered relative to the line of the center of the barrel so as to compensate for the value of R _np and then this systematic error is no longer of interest. Of interest is the error vector caused by the use of a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed ΔR _p .

However, when calculating the error caused by stalling the rifle (rotating around the sight line at an angle ) the point of impact of the bullet T _on and the aiming point M ₀ will no longer coincide, and an error will arise depending on the rotation angle and the distance of the bullet falling R _p .

The geometric location of the error points will be represented by a circle (Fig. 2) with a radius R _p drawn from point O located on a vertical line below the aiming point M ₀ by the amount R _p .

Angle of rotation (17), counted in this case from the vertical to the right (movement of the clock hand) is considered positive. Taking into account the fact that the triangle OM _{0 T} is isosceles, then the angle OM ₀ T _{is equal to} since the sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180°.

Using software, rifle stall error value calculated depending on the angle in the following way:

Further error is presented in the form of horizontal and vertical vectors of the rifle stall error in accordance with the formulas:

The proposed device for a bullet shooting training complex is designed to control the accuracy of a bullet hitting a target and has the advantage of separate control of shot errors caused by pointing the rifle at the target, pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot, using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and dumping the rifle. All these errors, indicating their magnitude and direction, are provided to the coach and shooter in digital and analogue form on a computer monitor. This allows you to focus your efforts on identifying the specific causes of errors and purposefully combat them. Training with the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between the causes and the result of measurements of each specific error will allow you to achieve high results in bullet shooting faster and more reliably.

In addition, the economic benefit is the ability to use cheap cartridges without compromising preparation, since the error caused by using a low-quality cartridge can be subtracted from the result. By analyzing precisely this error over a large number of training shots, it is possible to assess the quality of a batch of cartridges and its suitability for use in competitions.

Claims (4)

A shooting training complex containing a computing unit, an image recording device, characterized in that the complex contains two sources of laser radiation, a sensor for the moment a bullet leaves the barrel, wherein the image capturing device is configured to transmit an image of the target and two spaced laser spots to the computing unit for calculating errors caused by pointing the rifle at the target, pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot, using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and stalling of the rifle, two sources of laser radiation are configured to be installed on the rifle barrel so that when aiming at a target, two spaced apart laser spots appear near the target, The sensor for the moment the bullet leaves the barrel is configured to transmit its signal to a computing unit for measuring the bullet's flight time and calculating errors caused by pointing the rifle at the target, pressing the trigger, recoil from the shot, using a cartridge with a deviation of the bullet speed from the nominal speed and stalling of the rifle .

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