RU2813173C1 - Automatic parachute with pneumatic slings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: parachutes.

SUBSTANCE: used to rescue adults and children from a multi-storey building during a fire, earthquake, etc., starting from the second floor, to rescue the ejected passenger compartment of a car or aircraft, to rescue entire light aircraft, at high altitudes works and in alpine climbing as insurance. The parachute has a canopy placed in a rigid bucket. Each pneumatic sling consists of an inflatable beam and a tape sling located inside it. The upper part of each pneumatic sling is connected to the canopy through a reel and rope loop, and the lower part is connected to a gas distribution device mounted on the bucket. In the initial state, pneumatic slings are rolled into rolls around reels. Correct unrolling of rolls is ensured by tracks of a sticky layer. When the parachute opens, gas from the pyro-gas generator enters the inflatable beams through the gas distribution device, unfolds the rolls, and thanks to the reels and rope loops, the canopy is pulled out of the bucket and opened forcibly, because unfolded pneumatic slings form a rigid frame in the shape of a multifaceted pyramid.

EFFECT: very fast forced opening of the parachute with a possible subsequent delay in the jump is achieved, the possibility of turning into a regular parachute, reducing the fear of jumping.

21 cl, 31 dwg

Description

The invention relates to parachutes and can be used: 1) as an individual means of rescue from multi-storey buildings in case of fire or earthquake or other dangerous situations (from the second floor and above); 2) as a universal individual and collective means of rescue in transport: from cars and racing cars (that have lost control or gone off the road into a ditch, as well as in any case when a collision is inevitable, including driving into the oncoming lane), from aircraft (including lost control at low altitude at low or zero speed) and as a means of rescuing light or entire unmanned aerial vehicles; 3) as a cargo parachute (for almost any altitude and speed); 4) in sports, tourism, attractions; 5) in training centers of the fire department or the Ministry of Emergency Situations for workers and residents of high-rise buildings as a self-expanding parachute (training starts from the first and second floor); 6) during high-altitude, steeplejack work, in industrial mountaineering, in mountaineering as additional insurance or instead of insurance. The parachute can, in principle, be used on other planets and satellites that have an atmosphere; in this case, the area of the dome is determined by the density of the atmosphere and gravity.

The known parachute for ultra-low altitudes is “Chance” [https://rostec.ru/news/rostekh-vyvodit-na-rynok-parashyut-shans-dlya-evakuatsii-iz-vysotok/], which allows you to parachute from a standard height without special skills nine-story building - from 33 meters. The parachute contains a backpack with a suspension system, three canopies with slings, as well as a pull link, which ensures the pulling of the canopies due to a cable with a hook at the end. The analogue has the following disadvantages. There is a limitation on the height of use. In order for the Chance parachute to open when jumping from a low altitude, you must securely hook the cable with a hook to some object (battery, window sill) so that this cable will pull 3 canopies and slings from the backpack after the jump. If there is nothing to cling to, salvation is impossible. In addition, any person who jumps with a parachute experiences mortal fear (especially during the first jump), because... first you need to jump, and only then the parachute (maybe) will open [https://yandex.ru/v^deo/preview/?text=parachute%20Chance&path=w^zard&parent-reqid=l612346279251522-171411575919904166500107-production-app-host -vla-web-yp-195&wiz_type=vital&filmld=38207157802281509].

Parachute systems are known in which the parachute is pulled out by a rocket. They are used in airplanes and helicopters [for example, RU 2203837 C2]. Such a system is also used in a collective system for rescuing people in case of fire [RU 2271238 C2]. The disadvantage of the latter is that the rocket only pulls out the parachute; it opens when the evacuation capsule falls. In this case, some loss of height occurs. The exit to the evacuation capsule for someone on the floor may be cut off by fire, and in the event of an earthquake, collective means of rescue are not suitable at all. Using such a system as an individual rescue system in case of a fire or earthquake is problematic, because hot gases from the rocket can be dangerous for the person being rescued. Plus, you need to jump in time before the parachute extended by the rocket begins to fall. Here and further we assume that an unprepared person first wants to make sure that the parachute is at least partially opened, and only after that jump, perhaps with some delay.

Parachute systems are known in which the parachute is pulled out using a throwing mechanism [for example, RU 9826 U1]. When using such a system as an individual rescue system in case of a fire or earthquake, the deployment of the parachute will also occur with some loss of altitude, and plus you need to jump in time.

The loss of altitude required to fully deploy the canopy of an extended parachute can be reduced by introducing gas from the squibs into the canopy [RU 2621133 C1]. When using such a system as an individual rescue system in case of a fire or earthquake, you will also need to jump before the extended and partially opened parachute falls.

There are known parachute systems in which the parachute is extended and partially deployed using a balloon filled with helium or hydrogen [RU 2285638 C2, RU 2678382 C1]. The disadvantage is that the balloon pulls the parachute straight up, which can be inconvenient or even impossible to use to save people in a fire (if there is also a fire on top) or in an earthquake (you need to open the parachute quickly, the building is shaking).

There are known parachute systems that use pneumatic braking aerodynamic surfaces (cone-shaped, spherical), playing the role of a dome, and they do not have lines [RU 2265557 C2, RU 2288758 C1, RU 2339972 C1, RU 2355448 C2, RU 2399389 C1, RU 92335 U1, RU 2003124165 A]. Such parachute systems have the following disadvantages. If the inflatable structure is damaged, it will not be able to perform its function of braking in flight and absorbing the impact upon landing. The aerodynamic drag coefficient of the conical and spherical surfaces is less than that of the concave surface of the canopy of a conventional parachute, which means that you will have to increase the diameter compared to a conventional parachute or increase the overload at the moment of impact during landing. Inflating such systems may require quite a large amount of gas. The stability in flight of such systems is questionable, because the center of application of aerodynamic forces and the center of gravity are not far from each other. Anyone can very quickly make a model of a brake cone with an obtuse angle at the apex from any paper that can even be stapled together. If you launch it sideways, or, moreover, upside down, then it, of course, turns over with the load down, but can make very strong vibrations. But when jumping from the window of a burning house (or during an earthquake), the initial position of the braking cone is exactly sideways. In a traditional parachute, vibrations can be damped by lines, which these systems do not have.

There are known parachute systems that use a pneumatic canopy and conventional lines [RU 2246428 C2, RU 2005102155 A, RU 2006142652 A, RU 2007148406 A, RU 2301179 C1, RU 119720 U1, RU 135618 U1, RU 26 06784 C1]. A pneumatic dome can be either completely inflatable or a regular dome in the form of a panel, but with pneumatic elements. In the case of using such systems in an individual fire or earthquake rescue system, the presence of conventional slings will generally lead to the fall of the canopy immediately after its forced withdrawal and forced deployment. In addition, the wind immediately begins to act on the open dome. Therefore, you will need to jump before the dome falls and before the wind blows it away. A trained person will be able to jump on time, including in the usual way - before the canopy opens, but what about an untrained person? He would prefer to make sure the parachute opens, and only then jump with some delay. Even if the fire behind him is unbearably hot, and he is therefore ready to jump, he can delay the jump, which is especially dangerous at a relatively low altitude.

In RU 2606784 C1, the inflatable dome can be kept in the air and not fall due to reactive and aerodynamic forces. However, the jump method described in the patent will lead to strong vibrations of the parachute-person system during descent. A lot of gas will be required, hence the large weight of the gas generator. Before jumping from the window of a building, four forces will act on the inflated dome, if we take into account the wind. Due to the action of gravity and wind, it is necessary from the very beginning, after inflating the canopy, to correctly change the length of the lines in order to tilt the thrust vector as required to ensure that the conditions of static equilibrium of the canopy are met at each moment in time during the lifting of the canopy and pulling out the chair with a person. Let's explain this in more detail. Due to the effect of gravity on the canopy, the traction force will have to be tilted relative to the slings. This can be done by changing the length of the upper and lower lines. In the event of a cross wind along the building, the dome will immediately begin to blow sideways already during the process of inflation. Then you will need to change the length of the left and right lines. The wind can be not only sideways, then you need to additionally change the length of the upper and lower lines. If the wind is gusty, quick adjustments are unlikely to be possible, and the parachute will swing from side to side and hit the walls. Immediately after the jump, you will need to quickly change the length of the lines again to avoid colliding with the building. The fact is that to compensate for the force of gravity acting on the canopy, before the jump, the upper lines will be shorter than the lower ones. Then, if you do not change the length of the lines immediately after the jump, then the wall effect may not save you from a collision with the wall of the building. Moreover, there will be strong vibrations of a person suspended from a parachute. Therefore, it is not so easy to control such an aircraft, especially in the presence of gusts of wind.

Thus, due to the effects of gravity and wind, it is much more reliable for a parachute used for fire or earthquake rescue to have rigid (but light) lines. In this case, a person can compensate for these two forces with the strength of his muscles, resting his feet on the window sill and holding his hands on the window frame if the parachute has a dorsal design.

Parachute systems with a rigid frame are known that can be used to rescue people in case of fire or earthquake [RU 177331 U1, RU 2240959 C1, RU 2282567 C1]. Such parachutes are fully deployed before the jump and allow a long delay in the jump after deployment. This reduces the fear of jumping and increases the safety of using a parachute. The disadvantage is the large weight of the structure and bulkiness when folded.

As the closest analogue, let's take a parachute system with rigid telescopically extendable rods instead of slings [RU 185453 U1]. According to the patent, the system is used on a small-sized vertical take-off and landing aircraft, such as a propeller in a ring. Instead of slings, there are telescopically extendable rods consisting of knees, and the dome is fixed outside along the circumference of the ring attachment of screws with one side and the corners to the telescopically extendable rods. Due to the fact that the first bend, into which all the others fit, will have a greater thickness than the other power elements of the apparatus, it is apparently more rational to place all the rods above the ring attachment. This is due to the fact that the flow speed above the propeller is half that below it, and aerodynamic losses will decrease sharply. If you use a similar parachute system to save people in case of a fire or an earthquake, or to save the passenger compartment of a car or airplane, by placing telescopically extendable rods in one plane or in parallel planes or like the ribs of a pyramid, then the telescopically extendable rods when folded will take up a lot of space and will weigh a lot.

As a prototype, let’s take a pneumatic frame self-expanding parachute SPARS (developed by Space Rescue Systems LLC), which is a pneumatic frame, the upper part of which plays, in a sense, the role of pneumatic lines to which the canopy is attached, and the lower part of the pneumatic frame plays the role of a landing nacelle , which softens the impact on the ground and in which the person being rescued is located [https://dzen.ru/media/lady_engin/parashiut-spasemia-iz-gonascih-neboskrebov-spars-5c3cf9bee0iB8a00afe813d8]. The full name of the parachute is SPS SPARS - a rescue parachute autonomous backpack system. The prototype differs from the parachute systems described above, which use cone-shaped pneumatic braking aerodynamic surfaces, in that instead it has a canopy attached to a pneumatic frame. Therefore, it is free from the main disadvantages of the mentioned parachute systems: the aerodynamic drag coefficient increases, the distance between the center of gravity and the center of application of aerodynamic forces increases, and, accordingly, stability in flight increases. The latest parachute modifications make it possible to save people in case of fire, starting from the third floor.

The prototype has the following disadvantages. The pneumatic frame has a fairly large volume, so it requires a lot of gas to inflate it. It takes a long time to inflate, so it is completely unsuitable for rescue during an earthquake. When inflated, it presses against the wall around the window, covering nearby windows, but there may be a fire in nearby windows. The pneumatic frame is a rather complex inflatable structure that is difficult to manufacture. The complexity of the design affects the reliability of use and cost. The cost of a parachute does not allow its mass distribution. The weight of the prototype backpack is 25 kg, which is noticeably more than that of training parachutes. If the pneumatic frame is damaged, the parachute system cannot be used as a regular parachute, because in flight, a person is attached to a pneumatic frame with his back down. The person being rescued cannot make sure that the parachute is fully deployed before the jump, because... full disclosure occurs after separation from the wall. The initial position of the parachute axis at an angle of 90° to the vertical increases the loss of altitude for turning to the normal parachute position and calming the oscillations.

The technical result of the invention is aimed (in comparison with traditional parachutes and analogues) at making it possible to fully open the parachute before the jump with a possible subsequent long delay of the jump (in calm or light winds) while maintaining the possibility of opening the parachute after the jump, i.e. to implement the possibility of forced rapid deployment of the parachute, regardless of the speed of the air flow. As a result, the technical result of the invention is also aimed at reducing fear when jumping (especially during the first jump) and at reducing the minimum height from which a parachute jump is possible to any non-zero height (even, for example, to a height of 1 cm), and during rescue a person from a burning building or from a building during an earthquake up to the 2nd floor. With a low jump height, the steady fall speed will not be achieved, but the speed of impact on the ground will be less than in free fall. Compared to the closest analogue, the technical result of the invention is aimed at reducing the size of the parachute when folded and reducing its weight. Compared to the prototype, the technical result of the invention is aimed at reducing the opening time of the parachute (and, therefore, at providing the possibility of rescue not only in case of fire, but also in case of an earthquake), at fire protection in nearby windows, at reducing the volume of the pneumatic system and reducing the required its inflation of the amount of gas, to simplify the manufacture of the pneumatic system, to increase the reliability of parachute opening and the likelihood of rescue, to ensure the ability to use the inventive parachute as a regular parachute in case of damage to the pneumatic system, to ensure the possibility of making sure that the parachute is fully deployed before the jump, to reduce the loss of altitude to rotate to the normal parachute position and calm vibrations due to the initial position of the parachute axis relative to the vertical.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a self-expanding parachute with pneumatic slings according to claim 1 of the formula of the invention, unlike the prototype, each pneumatic sling is made in the form of a cylindrical or conical (in the shape of a truncated cone) inflatable beam with a ribbon sling located inside it; the width of each belt sling does not exceed the minimum internal diameter of its inflatable beam when inflated; the lower ends of the inflatable beams are hermetically placed on the guide sections of the pipes of the gas distribution device, the lower ends of the tape slings are attached to the guide sections of the pipes above, or the lower ends of the tape slings are attached to rods installed inside the guide sections of the pipes along their diameters; the upper ends of the tape slings extend from the upper ends of the inflatable beams without violating the tightness of the latter; the upper ends of the tape slings and then the inflatable beams are attached to the outer cylindrical surfaces of the coils with neck-shaped ends and smooth inner and side surfaces; in the initial state, inflatable beams with tape slings inside are entirely wound on these reels, i.e. to the guide pipe sections; inflatable beams with tape slings inside and with coils at the ends are connected to the dome through rope loops attached at both ends to the dome and threaded through the coils; each inflatable beam on the side opposite the axis of the opened parachute has a longitudinal track made of an adhesive layer, which is glued to the film of this inflatable beam on its diametrically opposite side for fixing the rolled up inflatable beam in a roll on a reel, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the inflatable beam; the gas distribution device is made in the form of a rigid hollow ring, in the upper part of which guide sections of pipes are installed, evenly distributed along it and directed at an angle to its axis equal to or greater than the angle of the inflatable beams and ribbon slings with the vertical when the parachute is lowered with the inflatable beams deflated; the internal volume of the hollow ring is pneumatically connected to the internal volumes of the inflatable beams through guide pipe sections; on the branches of the hollow ring tangential to its internal axis, pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings are installed with the possibility of replacement; the internal volumes of pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings contain pyroelectric charges and are connected to the internal volume of the hollow ring through bends of the hollow ring; an overpressure release valve and a release valve are also installed on the hollow ring with the possibility of manually bleeding gas from the hollow ring and inflatable beams; a hollow ring is installed on the outside of a rigid bucket in the shape of a hollow truncated cone or in the shape of a hollow truncated tetrahedral or polyhedral pyramid with clearly defined or rounded edges so that the axis of the hollow ring coincides with the axis of the bucket; the bucket may have a neck, or the neck may be formed by the outer surface of an opening in the hollow ring; the inner surface of the bucket is smooth; the dome is folded and placed inside the bucket; on pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings, spark plugs of the electric ignition system of pyro-charges and/or spring impact mechanisms and capsules are installed; the spring of each spring impact mechanism is initially compressed and, together with the striker, is fixed by a pin connected by means of a pull ring cable (passing inside the flexible hose) to the pull ring; a suspension system is installed on the bucket and/or hollow ring for attaching a person or a device for attaching a rescue capsule or cargo or a device for attaching a parachute inside a rescue capsule.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that for the parachute according to claim 2 of the formula, unlike the previous one, each inflatable beam has a track with a reciprocal layer on the side diametrically opposite to the track of the sticky layer, which is glued to the track of the sticky layer when the inflatable beam is rolled up in a roll, but with the ability to unroll the roll when inflating the inflatable beam; in this case, the tracks from the sticky and reciprocal layers can be made like Velcro from a material with jagged bristles or with flexible hooks on one side of the inflatable beam and fabric having a pile of thread loops on the diametrically opposite side of the inflatable beam; or like Velcro, consisting of small flexible hooks that are identical on both tapes, but with tips directed in opposite directions on each tape, that hook into each other when connecting the tapes.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 3 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 1 or 2 of the formula, has a device for fastening the lid on the hollow ring and/or on the bucket, covering the sides partially or completely, but with the possibility of unfolding rolls, the side surfaces of the rolls or both the side surfaces of the rolls and their ends, the upper part of the device for fastening the lid has a neck that turns into an outer side vertical closed surface (side wall) in contact with the inner side vertical closed surface (side wall ) covers for a sealed detachable connection with the cover; a cover is installed on top of the device for fastening the cover, covering the rolls of inflatable beams and the dome, and the cover is installed with the possibility of its shooting using pyro-gas generators for shooting the cover installed on the device for fastening the cover with the possibility of replacing them, or/and the cover is installed with the possibility easy and quick removal from the device for fastening the cover manually and/or with the possibility of its easy detachment using unfolding inflatable beams and/or with the possibility of opening it like a hatch.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 4 of the formula, unlike the parachute according to claim 1 or 2 of the formula, is on a hollow ring or on a bucket or on an additional surface located under the rolls and mounted on a hollow ring and/or on bucket, rigid cover valves are hinged evenly on all sides, touching each other on their sides and converging on top on the axis of a hollow ring, covering rolls of pneumatic slings, and the cover valves are installed with the ability to open them like the petals of a flower.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 5 of the formula, unlike the parachute according to claim 3 of the formula, has a suspension system installed on a bucket or on a hollow ring and a bucket or on a device for fastening the lid and a bucket for fastening the person being rescued with his back to the bucket , on the main strap of which, with the help of pull-ring cables passing inside flexible hoses, pull-out rings are brought out; the wall of the bucket from the back repeats its bend, and on the opposite side the wall of the bucket smoothly bends from the hollow ring to the bottom of the bucket; the geometric dimensions of the backpack and the suspension system are selected so that the axis of the hollow ring passes through the center of gravity of a rescued person of average height with a backpack on when descending by parachute; a hose with a foot pump at the end is attached to the hollow ring for pumping air into the hollow ring in case of failure of the pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings; the foot pump and hose are attached to the bucket and/or to the device for fastening the lid with the possibility of easy and quick detachment; a pull rope is attached to the top of the open dome on its upper side, connected at the second end through a break sling with a carabiner (hook); in the initial state, the traction rope with the breaking sling is laid entirely in the folded dome, and the carabiner (hook) is located on top of the folded dome, to which it is attached with the possibility of easy detachment; instructions for using a parachute are written on the backpack, and on the lid there is an inscription about the need to remove the lid before use, or/and a player is installed on the backpack that reads aloud pre-recorded instructions for using a parachute; each pin has a hole for a safety pin (in this case, arms can be installed on the spring impact mechanism above and below the pin) or each pull ring cable has an attachment with a hole for a safety pin; in the latter case, each flexible hose is equipped with a safety ring with two diametrically located holes for the safety pin, which is secured to a stand mounted on the hollow ring or on its outlet to the pyro-gas generator or on a device for fastening the lid or on a bucket; safety cables are attached to the cover, passing inside safety tubes installed on the device for fastening the cover, the second ends of the safety cables are attached to safety pins, each safety pin is initially inserted into a hole in the pin (and into the arms on the spring impact mechanism) or inserted into hole in the pull-ring cable attachment and in the holes of the safety ring.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that for a parachute according to claim 6 of the formula, unlike a parachute according to claim 5 of the formula, the axis of the hollow ring does not coincide with the axis of symmetry of the open descending parachute, and the length of the pneumatic lines on the human side or on the opposite side is so much longer , and the guiding sections of the pipes are directed so that the axis of symmetry of the open descending parachute passes through the center of gravity of the person of average height being rescued with a backpack on.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 7 of the formula, unlike the parachute according to claim 5 or 6 of the formula, the device for attaching the cover and the cover have depressions for the head and neck of the person being rescued, located between two adjacent rolls of pneumatic slings; the surface of the recess on the lid fastening device and the recess on the lid may be covered with a soft layer.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 8 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 5 of the formula, has handles for the hands of the person being rescued mounted on a bucket made according to claim 1, or on a hollow ring or on a device for fastening the lid and located on them or next to them are buttons for the electric ignition system of pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings, or levers or buttons, pressing one or one of which pulls the pin of one of the spring impact mechanisms; The suspension system is made in the form of a safety cable(s) with a belt.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 9 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 3 of the formula, additionally contains an exhaust cable attached to the top of the canopy folded in a bucket (on the upper side for an open canopy), connected at the second end through a carabiner with an arc installed in the center of the bottom surface of the cover.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 10 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 9 of the formula, additionally contains a braking parachute installed in the center of the upper surface of the cover.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 11 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 3 of the formula, has a hollow ring installed at the bottom of the bucket or under the bucket; the guide sections of pipes along their entire length, except for the areas where pneumatic slings are attached to them, are attached to the device for fastening the cover through stiffening ribs; the bucket is made according to claim 1 and is located in the space between the guide pipe sections inside the device for fastening the lid and is attached to the guide pipe sections directly or through stiffening ribs; The guide pipe sections are made straight along their entire length or straight in the lower and middle parts and changing their direction in the upper part to the corner with the axis of the opened parachute as in paragraph 1.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the parachute according to claim 12 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 11 of the formula, the gas distribution device is made in the form of a sphere to which guide pipe sections are attached or in the form of a unit (splitter) of diverging guide pipe sections, with in this case, the pyro-gas generator(s) for inflating pneumatic slings is installed, replaceable, on said sphere or said unit (splitter); an overpressure release valve and a release valve are replaceably mounted on said sphere or said assembly (splitter); the guide pipe sections are made straight and the bucket is made of a conical or pyramidal shape without a bottom or the specified shape with a neck on top or in the form of a surface of rotation with a curved generatrix forming a tip at the bottom and a neck at the top or in the form of a pyramid with curved ribs inscribed in the specified surface of rotation ; or the guide pipe sections are made to envelop the bucket, made according to claim 11 of the formula, or according to claim 12 of the formula.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 13 of the formula, unlike the parachute according to claim 1 or 2 of the formula, has a hollow ring installed at the bottom of the bucket or under the bucket; the bucket is located in the space between the guide pipe sections and is attached to the guide pipe sections directly or through stiffening ribs; The guide pipe sections are made straight along their entire length or straight in the lower and middle parts and changing their direction in the upper part to an angle with the axis of the opened parachute as in paragraph 1.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the parachute according to claim 14 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 13 of the formula, the gas distribution device is made in the form of a sphere to which guide pipe sections are attached or in the form of a unit (splitter) of diverging guide pipe sections, with in this case, the pyro-gas generator(s) for inflating pneumatic slings is installed, replaceable, on said sphere or said unit (splitter); an overpressure release valve and a release valve are replaceably mounted on said sphere or said assembly (splitter); the guide pipe sections are made straight and the bucket is made of a conical or pyramidal shape without a bottom or the specified shape with a neck on top or in the form of a surface of rotation with a curved generatrix forming a tip at the bottom and a neck at the top or in the form of a pyramid with curved ribs inscribed in the specified surface of rotation ; or the guide pipe sections are made to go around the bucket made according to item 13, or according to item 14.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 15 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 13 or 14 of the formula, has a device installed on the top of the bucket for fastening the lid according to claim 3 of the formula, in the lower part of which there are holes for guides pipe sections, and on which a cover is installed according to claim 3 of the formula.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 16 of the formula, unlike parachutes according to any of the claims. 1-15 of the formula, each guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the inflatable beam.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 17 of the formula, unlike parachutes according to any of the claims. 1-15 of the formula, each pneumatic sling contains inside its inflatable beam an internal inflatable beam of increased rigidity, consisting of cylindrical or conical inflatable beams of smaller diameter, forming a pipe, the internal volume of which is also under pressure; a ribbon sling is located in the internal volume of the internal inflatable beam of increased rigidity; an internal inflatable beam of increased rigidity when inflated divides the internal volume of the inflated pneumatic sling into longitudinal compartments, which in cross section have the form of circles forming a regular polygon, an asterisk located between them (central compartment) and a ring located outside them with round internal cutouts (external compartment ); each guide section of the pipe is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with the cross sections of the corresponding sections of the pneumatic sling; each section of the pneumatic sling is attached to the corresponding section of the guide pipe section to form a sealed connection; each section of the guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the pneumatic sling compartment; the lower part of each tape sling is attached to the bottom of the central section of the corresponding guide pipe section or to a rod installed inside the corresponding guide pipe section along its diameter; the top portions of each webbing sling, each internal high-stiffness inflatable beam, and each pneumatic sling inflatable beam are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding spool.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 18 of the formula, unlike parachutes according to any of the claims. 1, 3-15 of the formula, each pneumatic sling consists of a composite inflatable beam and a tape sling located inside it; a composite inflatable beam is glued (welded) from cylindrical inflatable beams of the same length and diameter so that when inflated it consists of longitudinal compartments, which in cross section have the form of truncated sectors located around a circle, and a central compartment located inside them in the shape of a regular polygon, in which the tape sling is located; each guide section of the pipe is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with the cross sections of the corresponding sections of the composite inflatable beam; each section of the composite inflatable beam is attached to the corresponding section of the guide pipe section to form a sealed connection; each section of the guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the section of the composite inflatable beam; the lower part of each tape sling is attached to the bottom of the central section of the corresponding guide pipe section or to a rod installed inside the corresponding guide pipe section along its diameter; the upper part of each belt sling and the upper part of each composite inflatable beam are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding reel; Each composite inflatable beam on the side opposite the axis of the opened parachute has a longitudinal track of an adhesive layer, which is glued to this composite inflatable beam on its diametrically opposite side for fixing the rolled pneumatic line in a roll on a reel, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that for the parachute according to claim 19 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 18 of the formula, each composite inflatable beam has a track with a reciprocal layer on the side diametrically opposite to the track of the sticky layer, which is glued to the track of the sticky layer. layer when rolling the pneumatic sling into a roll, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam; in this case, the tracks from the sticky and reciprocal layers can be made like Velcro according to paragraph 2.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the parachute according to claim 20 of the formula, unlike parachutes according to any of the claims. 1, 3-15 of the formula, each pneumatic sling consists of a tubular sling in the form of a cylindrical flexible but strong shell and a composite inflatable beam located inside it; a composite inflatable beam is glued (welded) from cylindrical inflatable beams of the same length so that when inflated it consists of longitudinal sections, which in cross section have the form of sectors or truncated sectors and triangles or truncated sectors, trapezoids and triangles; each guide section of the pipe is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with the cross sections of the corresponding sections of the composite inflatable beam; each section of the composite inflatable beam is attached to the corresponding section of the guide pipe section to form a sealed connection; each section of the guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the section of the composite inflatable beam; the lower part of each tubular sling is attached to the outer surface of the corresponding guide pipe section; the upper part of each tubular sling and the upper part of each composite inflatable beam are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding coil; Each tubular sling on the side opposite the axis of the opened parachute has a longitudinal track of an adhesive layer, which is glued to this tubular sling on its diametrically opposite side to fix the rolled pneumatic sling in a roll on a reel, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that for the parachute according to claim 21 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 20 of the formula, on each tubular line, on the side diametrically opposite to the track of the adhesive layer, a track with a reciprocal layer is placed, which is glued to the track of the adhesive layer when rolling the pneumatic sling into a roll, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam; in this case, the tracks from the sticky and reciprocal layers can be made like Velcro according to claim 2 of the formula.

In fig. 1-5, 7, 9-22 show parachutes with six pneumatic lines; Fig. 23-25 show a working model of a parachute with five pneumatic lines; FIG. 26-27 shows the device of pneumatic slings.

In fig. Figure 1 shows the design of the proposed parachute according to claim 1 of the formula in its original state (section along the vertical axis, canopy 10 is shown uncut).

1 - bucket (container for placing the dome); 2 - hollow ring; 3 - guide pipe section; 4 - inflatable beam; 5 - tape sling; 6 - track made of a sticky layer; 7 - roll of pneumatic sling; 8 - coil; 9 - rope loop; 10 - dome; 11 - pyro-gas generator for inflating pneumatic slings.

Bucket 1 is made of rigid, durable, but lightweight material and has the shape of a hollow truncated cone or the shape of a hollow truncated pyramid with regular or rounded edges. A bucket, for example, can follow the shape of a folded dome, then it is made in the form of a hollow tetrahedral pyramid. The bucket may have a neck, or the neck may be formed by the outer surface of an opening in the hollow ring (Fig. 1). The bucket is designed to accommodate a folded dome 10 and can also perform a power function, because a hollow ring 2 is installed on it, receiving forces from pneumatic slings (consisting of elements 4, 5, 6), which in the initial state are rolled into rolls 7.

Hollow ring 2 is installed on the outside of bucket 1 and plays the role of a gas distribution device, receiver, and also performs a power function, because guide pipe sections 3 are attached to it, to which pneumatic slings are in turn attached.

In general, each pneumatic sling consists of an inflatable beam 4 and a tape sling 5 located inside it, and on the outside of the inflatable beam there is a longitudinal track made of an adhesive layer 6 (see also the cross-section of a pneumatic sling in Fig. 26; the appearance of deployed pneumatic slings shown in Fig. 24, 25 for the parachute model according to claim 14 of the formula). The film of the inflatable beam 4, the tape sling 5 and the adhesive layer 6 in Fig. 1 are conventionally shown in thick. The sticky layer can be applied to the film of the inflatable beam in the same way as applied to the film of adhesive tape or double-sided (French) tape, or a special film with an adhesive layer is glued to the inflatable beam (the same applies to the return layer of the parachute according to claim 2 of the formula). The track of the sticky layer 6 is located on the deployed inflatable beam on the side opposite to the axis of the opened parachute (the vertical axis in Fig. 1). If the rolls 7 are rolled towards the axis of the parachute (Fig. 1), then this path begins on top of the inflatable beam at the beginning of its cylindrical part (white longitudinal strip in Fig. 25) and ends at the bottom of the inflatable beam so that on the entire outer surface of the roll 7 this path did not exist. That is, it is all hidden inside roll 7 (Fig. 1). If the rolls 7 are rolled away from the axis of the parachute (Fig. 2), then this path begins as in the first case, and ends near the end of the guide section of pipe 3, i.e. the path is longer than in the first case and runs almost along the entire inflatable beam. In this case, the entire track from the sticky layer 6 is hidden inside the roll 7. The width of the sticky layer is selected so that the inflatable beam unfolds correctly when inflated (see below).

The lower ends of the inflatable beams 4 are hermetically placed on the guide sections of pipes 3 of the gas distribution device, and the connection must withstand a large tensile load. The lower ends of the tape slings 5 are also firmly attached to the guide sections of pipes 3 above. Or the lower part of each tape sling 5 is attached to a rod installed inside the corresponding guide section of pipe 3 along its diameter. The upper ends of the tape slings 5 extend from the upper ends of the inflatable beams 4 without violating the tightness of the latter. The upper ends of the tape slings 5 and then the inflatable beams 4 are firmly attached to the outer cylindrical surfaces of the coils 8. The coils 8 have neck-shaped ends and smooth inner and side surfaces. In a particular case (a less reliable parachute), tape slings 5 may be absent; their role in this case is played by inflatable beams 4. In the initial state, the pneumatic slings are entirely wound on reels 8, i.e. to the guide sections of pipes 3, forming rolls 7. Each pneumatic sling with a reel 8 at the end is connected to the dome 10 through a rope loop 9, attached at both ends to the dome 10 and threaded through the reel 8 (in expanded form, the pneumatic slings and the dome are shown in Fig. 24, 25). If you unfold rolls 7 of pneumatic slings, pull 1 out of the bucket and deploy canopy 10, you will get a parachute.

This deployment of the parachute is carried out using compressed gas. To do this, two (main and backup) or more pyro-gas generators 11 are installed on the hollow ring 2 to inflate pneumatic slings with the possibility of replacing them. To ensure simultaneous inflation of all pneumatic lines, these pyro-gas generators are installed on the branches of the hollow ring tangential to the internal axis of the hollow ring 2 (in Fig. 1 they are conventionally shown perpendicular to the internal axis of the hollow ring 2, their position shown is not rational and does not correspond to the formula, but so they can be shown in one figure; their correct location is shown in Fig. 6, 8). Inside the hollow ring, at the entrances to the guide pipe sections, ears can be installed that act as gas intakes. On the pyro-gas generators 11 for inflating pneumatic slings, spark plugs of the electric ignition system of pyro-charges and/or spring impact mechanisms and capsules are installed (not shown in Fig. 1).

An overpressure release valve (not shown in Fig. 1) is also installed on the hollow ring 2, which prevents the destruction of the parachute pneumatic system in the event of spontaneous activation of the pyro-gas generators during storage of the parachute (and also, possibly, after the deployment of the pneumatic lines in case of high air temperature).

Pyro-gas generators 11 for inflating pneumatic slings can, in principle, be stored separately and screwed to the outlets of the hollow ring only immediately before using the parachute, then their spontaneous operation will not lead to the parachute being damaged. However, in earthquake-prone areas, a parachute must always be ready for use. The same applies to most other applications of the proposed parachute. In addition, there is a danger of using pie gas generators for purposes other than their intended purpose. In this case, it is better to perform them without the possibility of replacement.

An exhaust valve (not shown in Fig. 1) is also installed on the hollow ring 2 with the ability to manually release gas from the hollow ring and inflatable beams after using the parachute or in flight to gain the ability to control the parachute.

In the initial state, the rolls 7 are quite rigidly fixed to the guide sections of pipes 3 using tracks from the adhesive layer 6, and when the parachute axis is tilted, the rolls 7 practically do not move. But, in principle, they can be secured more securely. In this case, a closed rupture tape (rope) is threaded and stretched through the holes of the coils 8 with the possibility of unfolding the rolls 7 when inflating the inflatable beams and/or the rolls 7 of pneumatic slings are attached to the guide sections of pipes 3 and/or to the hollow ring 2 or i) to bucket 1 with the help of 8 tearing tapes (ropes) threaded through the holes of the coils with the possibility of unrolling the rolls 7 when inflating the inflatable beams.

On the bucket 1 and/or the hollow ring 2 there is a suspension system for attaching a person or devices for fastening a rescue capsule or cargo or a device for attaching a parachute inside a rescue capsule (not shown in Fig. 1).

If the parachute according to claim 1 of the formula has rolls 7 wrapped from the axis of the parachute (Fig. 2), then to increase the compactness of the parachute, it is better to place the hollow ring 2 in the lower part of the bucket 1, as shown in Fig. 2 (for the back design, it is better to leave the hollow ring 2 in the upper part of bucket 1). Pyro-gas generators 11 for inflating pneumatic slings in FIG. 2 are not shown, because they are not visible in the selected section. This parachute is more reliable than the previous one due to the fact that the sticky layer is always completely on the opposite side of the inflatable beam in relation to the canopy (including the time the roll is deployed) and the canopy cannot stick to it. This also applies to all other parachute options discussed below with pneumatic slings, in which the rolls are wrapped away from the parachute axis.

When storing a parachute according to claim 1 of the formula, a protective bag or a semi-rigid bag with a frame, tightened with a belt or rope under the hollow ring, can be put on rolls 7 of pneumatic slings and a hollow ring 2. It is even more reliable to prevent damage to the rolls 7 of pneumatic slings and the canopy 10, as well as to protect from precipitation and dust, to store the parachute according to claim 1 of the formula in a hard case or in a box. If the parachute according to claim 1 of the formula is installed inside the rescue capsule, then the function of the hard cover is performed by its walls and the lid (or any other opening device) above the parachute.

For a parachute according to claim 2 of the formula, for each inflatable beam, on the side diametrically opposite to the track of the adhesive layer 6, there is a track with a mating layer 24 (Fig. 26), which is glued to the track of the adhesive layer when the inflatable beam is rolled up, but with the possibility unrolling the roll when inflating the inflatable beam. This takes advantage of the fact that different materials stick to the sticky layer with different strengths, or may not stick at all. The response layer should not stick to the dome or damage it in any way, because Unlike the sticky layer, the counter layer is located on the inflatable beam on the dome side. But the response layer should adhere strongly to the adhesive layer, stronger than the film of the inflatable beam, but with the ability to unroll the roll when inflating the inflatable beam.

Tracks of adhesive and response layers can also be Velcro, such as on shoes, clothing or other things.

The tracks of the sticky and reciprocal layers can be made like Velcro from a material with jagged bristles on one side of the inflatable beam and fabric with a shaggy surface (i.e., having a pile of thread loops, terry) on the diametrically opposite side of the inflatable beam. A tape made of material with serrated bristles and a tape made of fabric having a pile of thread loops are glued to the inflatable beam along its length in diametrically opposite directions. In this case, it is preferable to glue a tape made of material with jagged bristles on the side opposite to the axis of the opened parachute as an adhesive layer, then a tape made of fabric having a pile of thread loops, glued on the side of the canopy, will be a counter layer.

Velcro works well, consisting of small flexible hooks that are identical on both tapes, but with the tips directed in opposite directions on each tape, that hook into each other when connecting the tapes. Such Velcro is used, for example, in large bags of pet food. The height of the hooks should be as small as possible, as far as production technology allows, in order to reduce the diameter of the rolls. The rigidity of the material of the hooks, as well as their width, are selected so that the inflatable beam unfolds correctly when inflated. The width of the hooks can be equal to the width of the adhesive and response layers, which does not look like parallel rows of hooks on each tape, but like continuous parallel strips. You can eliminate the possibility of the dome catching on the hooks by rounding the tips of the hooks, or by using bumpers along the edges of the adhesive and response layers, or by making the dome out of film.

The use of Velcro will significantly increase the size of the rolls and their weight, but the shelf life of the rolls will be almost unlimited. The shelf life of the parachute in this case will be limited only by the shelf life of the pyro-gas generators with their ignition system, which are installed with the possibility of replacement. And the usual sticky layer can dry out over time, and then it needs to be replaced on all pneumatic slings. It should be noted here that the internal space of most variants of the proposed parachute (excluding parachutes according to claims 1, 2, 13, 14 of the formula) is either completely or almost sealed, which prevents the sticky layer from drying out.

In fig. Figure 3 shows the design of the proposed parachute according to claim 3 of the formula in its original state.

12 - device for fastening the cover; 13 - cover; 14 - side wall (side) of the lid; 15 - pyro-gas generator for shooting off the lid.

On the hollow ring 2 or/and on the bucket 1 there is a device 12 for fastening the lid, covering the guide sections of pipes 3 and partially or completely rolls 7 of pneumatic slings.

If the rolls 7 are wrapped towards the axis of the parachute (Fig. 3), then the device 12 for fastening the lid can be made in the form of a rigid truncated hollow cone having a rounded upper edge in the shape of a neck, turning into a downward short cylinder designed for a sealed detachable connection with the lid 13. In a particular case, the angles of inclination of the generatrices of the device 12 for attaching the lid and bucket 1 in the form of hollow truncated cones to the common axis can be the same (as shown in Fig. 5). The device 12 for fastening the lid can also be made in the form of a rigid truncated hollow pyramid having a rounded upper edge in the form of a polyhedral neck, turning into a downward short vertical prism with the same number of faces as the pyramid, and intended for a hermetically detachable connection with the lid. The third version of the device 12 for fastening the lid is obtained from the first if the truncated hollow cone is cut with planes forming the faces of the pyramid in the upper part and the surface of the cone is replaced with these planes, and the cone remains in the lower part. At the same time, the weight of the device for fastening the cover and the material consumption are reduced.

If the rolls 7 are wrapped away from the axis of the parachute (Fig. 4), then the device 12 for fastening the cover can be made in the form of two hollow truncated cones or a hollow truncated pyramid and a hollow truncated cone, connected in both cases using a flat ring, or this device can be any way (but with the possibility of unfolding the rolls 7) to cover the side surfaces of the rolls 7 or both the side surfaces of the rolls 7 and their ends. In the latter case, there is a minimum of empty space inside the parachute body, but the mass of the device 12 for fastening the cover increases, and it is also more difficult to ensure the tightness of the connection between the cover 13 and the device 12 for fastening the cover due to the greater length of the contacting surfaces. In any case, the upper part of the device 12 for fastening the lid has a neck that goes into the outer side vertical closed surface (wall) in contact with the inner surface of the side wall 14 (side) of the lid for a sealed detachable connection with the lid 13.

A cover 13 is installed on top of the device 12 for fastening the lid, covering the rolls 7 of inflatable beams and the dome 10. The edges of the cover 13 follow the shape of the edges of the device 12 for fastening the lid in order to ensure tightness (Fig. 3, 4). This is necessary to protect the canopy and pneumatic lines from water and dust. Therefore, the lid 13 must necessarily have a side wall (side) 14 in the form of a short vertical hollow cylinder or other symmetrical low vertical hollow body (for example, a hollow prism, if the lid is thin - in the form of a symmetrical vertical closed shell), tightly adjacent to the side surface the same body (shell) of a smaller size on the edge of the neck of the device 12 for fastening the lid. Between these two bodies (shells) there may be a layer of lubricant: on the one hand, for tightness and, on the other hand, to facilitate the detachment of the cover 13 from the device 12 for securing the cover. Instead of one side wall (side) 14 at the edges of the lid 13 there can, in principle, be several low concentric vertical hollow cylinders (hollow bodies, vertical closed shells), and then on the edge of the neck of the device 12 for fastening the lid there can be several corresponding short concentric vertical hollow cylinders (hollow bodies, vertical closed shells) directed upward. Between these hollow cylinders (hollow bodies, shells) there may also be a layer of lubricant.

If the cover 13 is made flat or almost flat and at the same time recessed into the device 12 for fastening the cover (in Figs. 3 and 4, the cover 13 is not recessed, the recessed cover is shown in Figs. 13, 15, 21), then it can be detached by deployable pneumatic slings without using pyro-gas generators 15 to shoot off the lid. But this creates an unused volume inside the device 12 for securing the lid. The cover 13 is installed so tightly that the unfolding pneumatic slings can detach it, but on the other hand, so that it is not torn off, for example, by reduced external pressure at altitude (for aircraft). Such a cover can be used, for example, in a parachute to rescue an ejected passenger compartment of a car. If the inventive parachute is used to rescue a person during a fire in a multi-story building or during an earthquake, then the cover 13 is made in the form of a cup turned upside down (Fig. 7, 8, 14, 16, 22) and is removed manually before using the parachute (see Fig. below).

On the device 12 for fastening the lid, in the spaces between the rolls 7 of pneumatic slings, pyro-gas generators 15 can be placed for shooting off the lid (with the possibility of replacing them). It is preferable to use two pyro-gas generators 15 for shooting the lid (main and backup), creating excess pressure under the lid 13, while the gas should not be hot so as not to damage the dome 10, rolls 7 of pneumatic slings and rope loops 9. The pyro-gas generators used are suitable here for inflating car airbags with nitrogen [for more details, see RU 2583398 C2]. Pyro-gas generators 15 for shooting off the lid in FIG. 4 are not shown (covered by bucket 1).

If the device 12 for fastening the lid is installed on the bucket 1 directly above the hollow ring 2, then it must have holes in its lower part for guide pipe sections. In this case, the gaps in these holes between the device 12 for fastening the cover and the guide pipe sections 3 must be sealed hermetically.

In any case where the lid fastening device 12 is mounted on the bucket 1, it can be molded integrally with the bucket.

In fig. Figure 5 shows the stages of parachute deployment according to claim 3 of the formula using the example of a cargo parachute (the removal of cover 13 is not shown, since it can be removed manually): 1) initial state (without cover); 2) unfolding the inflatable lines and pulling the canopy out of the bucket; 3) inflatable lines are fully deployed; 4) lowering the load by parachute.

In fig. Figure 6 shows the appearance of a parachute according to claim 4 of the formula with drop-down cover flaps. On a hollow ring or on a bucket, rigid valves of the cover are evenly hinged on all sides, touching each other on their sides and converging on the axis of the hollow ring from above, covering rolls of pneumatic slings from the sides and from above. Moreover, the valves of the cover are installed with the possibility of opening them like the petals of a flower. Some Soviet automatic interplanetary stations had a similar drop-down design. Thus, on the parachute according to claim 4 of the formula, to protect the inflatable lines and canopy from external factors, instead of a device for fastening the cover and cover, sliding hard valves of the cover are installed, opening like the petals of a flower. In principle, they can also be installed on the cover fastening device instead of the cover. If the rolls are wrapped away from the parachute axis, then it is better to install the cover valves not on the hollow ring, but on an additional surface located under the rolls and installed on the hollow ring and/or on the bucket.

Such a parachute is suitable for rescuing helicopters, especially unmanned ones, because in this case, it is dangerous to shoot off the cover - it may hit the main rotor(s) or the tail rotor. However, the open flaps of the cover increase the size of the rigid part of the parachute, so the parachute must be installed so that the open flaps of the cover do not hit the main rotors. Such a parachute is not suitable for saving a person, because the opened flaps of the cover will impair visibility and may put pressure on the inflatable lines under the influence of the oncoming flow.

A parachute according to claim 4 of the formula can be installed in the upper part of the central body (body) of a quadcopter or helicopter with any number of propellers greater than two. For a single-rotor helicopter, such a parachute, in principle, can be placed above the main rotor, or anywhere below it if the main rotor blades are shot off. In the latter case, a parachute according to claim 3 of the formula is also suitable. The valves of the cover can be shaped in such a way that when closed they form a spherical segment to improve flow.

Tightness can be ensured either by tear films between the petals or/and by making curved grooves on some petals into which the curved protrusions of other petals will fit. Moreover, the shape of the protrusions and grooves should take into account the peculiarity of the divergence of the valves: at the top the valves diverge at large distances from each other, and at the bottom at small distances.

The valves of the cover can be opened either by excess internal pressure created by a pyro-gas generator, or by using pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, or by using rubber bands or harnesses. In the latter case, the design may be, for example, the following.

The cover valves are hinged on a hollow ring or bucket to open like the petals of a flower and have hooks at the ends that come together over rolls of pneumatic slings on the axis of the hollow ring. The elastic bands of the cover (or backpack) are attached at one end to the valves of the cover, at the other ends to a bucket or to a hollow ring and are tensioned in the original state. A strap securing the cover valves is put on the hooks of the cover valves that are brought together, at one end of which there is a hole, and at the other there is a cone with a hole for a pin entering into it, and the length of the strap allows it to cover the hooks of the cover valves exactly once. The strikers of the spring impact mechanisms and the valves of the case with the strap securing them in the initial state are fixed, respectively, by pins and pins, connected by means of cables to pull-out rings, and a cable is attached to each pull-out ring, connected, firstly, to the pin of the strap fixing the valves of the case, and, secondly, with the pin of one of the spring impact mechanisms. By selecting the length of the cable between the pin and the pin, you can set the required delay in the operation of the pyro-gas generator for inflating pneumatic slings. However, as mentioned above, this design is not suitable for saving a person.

The disadvantages of the parachute according to claim 4 of the formula in comparison with other versions of the proposed parachute: 1) it is more difficult to ensure the tightness of the internal space of the parachute from precipitation and dust, 2) the strength of the cover is less, and 3) the open valves of the cover can limit visibility and put pressure on the pneumatic lines under the influence of the oncoming flow. The last drawback can be eliminated by somehow resetting the cover flaps after opening.

Parachutes according to clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 of the formula are intended to rescue a person from a multi-story building in case of a fire or earthquake, as well as in other dangerous situations.

In fig. Figure 7 shows the design of the parachute according to claim 5 of the formula in its initial state. This parachute has a dorsal design.

16 - suspension system; 17 - foot pump; 18 - hose; 19 - carbine (hook); 20 - lid handle.

The man, canopy 10, foot pump 17 and hose 18 are shown uncut.

In fig. Figure 7 also shows the center of gravity of a person with an empty backpack when descending by parachute. When descending, the legs hang at an angle to the body, as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 7, but the backpack is empty. Therefore, the position of the center of gravity in this case, shown in Fig. 7, differs from the position of the center of gravity of a straight-standing person without a backpack with a parachute and free from any cargo.

For a parachute according to claim 5 of the formula, the geometric dimensions of the backpack and the suspension points of the person in the harness system are selected so that the axis of the hollow ring 2, coinciding with the axis of symmetry of the open parachute, passes through the mentioned center of gravity of the rescued person of average height with an empty backpack on when descending by parachute. In fig. Figure 7 shows the axis of symmetry of the opened parachute, passing through this center of gravity, and the axes of the opened pneumatic lines, forming the ribs of the pyramid.

In order to reduce the transverse dimensions of the parachute (so that the parachute fits through a standard open window), the device for fastening the cover 12 is made to cover the sides of the guide sections of pipes 3 and only partially the rolls 7 of pneumatic slings, and the cover 13 is made in the form of a cup turned upside down. To increase the reliability of parachute opening, the stage of shooting off the cover 13 is eliminated and such a cover is removed manually before using the parachute, so that the parachute opens in just one step. Moreover, while the cover 13 is not removed, it is impossible to pull out the exhaust rings, because The pins of the spring impact mechanisms associated with them are fixed using safety pins connected through safety cables to the cover 13. This ensures reliable storage of the parachute. The cover 13 is removed from the device for fastening the cover 12 using the handle 20 of the cover. On the cover 13 there is an inscription about the need to remove the cover before using the parachute in one or several languages. To reduce the transverse dimensions of the parachute, the bucket 1 and the hollow ring 2 are made extremely narrow, while the rolls 7 of pneumatic slings can touch each other near the axis of the hollow ring (in Fig. 7 they almost touch). The wall of bucket 1 from the back follows its bend, and on the opposite side the wall of the bucket smoothly bends from the hollow ring 2 to the bottom of bucket 1 to reduce friction when pulling out the dome 10.

On bucket 1 (or on a hollow ring and a bucket, or on a device for fastening a lid and a bucket), a suspension system 16 is installed to secure the person being rescued with his back to the bucket, onto the main strap of which, with the help of pull-ring ropes inside flexible hoses, pull-out rings are brought out (elements from any commercially produced parachute). The pull rings cannot be pulled out until cover 13 is removed, as indicated above. It is possible to fix the check of spring impact mechanisms without safety pins, if the cables of the pull rings have attachments (for example, cylindrical or in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped) that cling to the protrusions on the cover 13. In this case, the cables of the pull rings are inside flexible hoses from the spring impact mechanisms on pie gas generators They go first upward to the border between the cover 13 and the device 12 for fastening the cover, and then to the main strap on the left and right, and end with pull rings. However, the reliability of the parachute operation is reduced due to the large length of the traction ring cables. With such a system, it is possible to use pulleys to quickly change the direction of movement of the pull ring cables when pulling out the pull rings. Other options for fixing the pins or cables of the pull rings are possible, for example, using rigid rods installed on the cover 13 and going down to the spring impact mechanisms.

A parachute according to claim 5 of the formula, in principle, can be equipped with pyro-gas generators for shooting off the cover. Shooting off the cover pulls out the safety pins and it becomes possible to pull out the pull-out rings.

Hose 18 connects the foot pump 17 and the hollow ring 2. The foot pump 17 is used to inflate pneumatic slings in the event that the pyro-gas generators for inflating the pneumatic slings fail. The foot pump 17 and hose 18 are attached to the bucket 1 with the possibility of easy and quick detachment (for example, using fasteners or Velcro or using straps).

Attached to the top of the dome 10 folded in bucket 1 from the side of the hollow ring 2 (on the upper side for the open dome) is a traction rope (not shown), connected at the other end through a break sling (not shown) with a hook (carabiner) 19. In the initial state, the traction rope the rope with the breaking sling is laid entirely in the folded dome 10, and the hook (carabiner) 19 is located on top of the folded dome, to which it is attached with the possibility of easy detachment. For example, a loop can be sewn to the dome, to which a carabiner is hooked. The force that the break line withstands is greater than the force when pulling and turning the canopy, but less than the weight of a person (for a child’s parachute, this force is correspondingly less, so that the child does not hang on the rip rope and parachute, which can happen when rescuing a child on an adult parachute ; a children's parachute should have less effort to pull and turn the canopy). The length of the traction rope is taken such that it is enough to hook the hook (carabiner) 19 to the window sill or to the heating pipe when the person being rescued is standing on the window. It is also advisable to have a reserve length of the traction rope in the unlikely event of damage to the pneumatic lines, as a result of which the parachute will open only partially (for a parachute according to clause 16 of the formula). The dome at the point where the traction rope is attached to it must withstand the force when it is pulled out and turned out with the help of the traction rope, and the force withstood by the dome must be greater than that withstood by the break sling.

In any open place on the hard backpack (on the bucket 1 and/or on the device 12 for fastening the lid), instructions for using a parachute are written in large letters, and on the lid 13 there is an inscription about the need to remove the lid before using the parachute, and the carrying capacity of the parachute is also written. Inscriptions can be made in several languages. In addition, the parachute can be equipped with a player that reads aloud pre-recorded instructions for using the parachute. Ideally, before the pyro-gas generator is activated to inflate the pneumatic lines, the first half of the instructions should be read (how to prepare for the jump), and after it is activated, the second half (how to jump correctly and then meet the ground correctly). The player can help save children from a fire or earthquake, as well as inexperienced people who find themselves in a high-rise building at the wrong time (for example, guests).

Due to the requirement for the compactness of the backpack, the pneumatic parachute system according to claim 5 of the formula must be designed for a sufficiently high pressure. But if the window is opened wide, the required pressure is much less, which is due to the strong dependence of the rigidity of the inflatable beams on their diameter.

If the rolls 7 are wrapped away from the axis of the parachute, then it is better that the device 12 for fastening the cover covers both the side surfaces of the rolls and their ends, then the parachutist’s head will be located between the rolls, and the angle between the vertical and the axis of the hollow ring can be maintained when the backpack is on. Increasing this angle is undesirable, because parachute descent will occur in a more bent position. However, a parachute according to claim 5 of the formula with rolls turned away from the axis will only fit through a wide window, and will also contain empty space inside (or you need to make a cover 13 with a deep depression).

In a parachute according to claim 6 of the formula, in contrast to a parachute according to claim 5 of the formula, the axis of the hollow ring does not coincide with the axis of symmetry of the open descending parachute, and in the particular case when a person stands on the ground with a backpack on, the axis of the hollow ring can be vertical. In order for the axis of symmetry of the open descending parachute to pass through the center of gravity of a person of average height being rescued on it with a backpack on, with the same direction of the guide pipe sections, it is necessary to increase the length of the pneumatic slings on the person’s side (or, in principle, maybe on the opposite side). With such a design, with the same pyramid of deployed pneumatic slings, shown by dash-dot lines in Fig. 7 (but with the truncated plane of the hollow ring not perpendicular to its axis, but at an angle to it), and with approximately the same position of the center of gravity, the hollow ring appears on the back, and not in the neck area like a parachute according to paragraph 5 of the formula (if you do not lift the entire structure up). Therefore, the upper part of the hanging system is attached to the cover fastening device or to the hollow ring (again, if you do not lift the entire structure up). It is possible to use an additional plate to cover the gap between the hollow ring and the bucket.

The advantage of a parachute according to claim 6 of the formula is that it is slightly more compact compared to a parachute according to claim 5 of the formula. Due to the fact that the dome is laid in a snake in a bucket, it is possible to lower the rolls located closer to the person a little (or, depending on how the dome is laid, to slightly move the rolls located further from the person towards the dome). Therefore, the worn parachute pack according to claim 6 of the formula protrudes upward (or backward) a little less than the parachute pack according to claim 5 of the formula.

For a parachute according to claim 7 of the formula, unlike parachutes according to claim 5 and 6 of the formula, the device for attaching the cover has a depression for the head and neck of the person being rescued, located between two adjacent rolls of pneumatic slings. Accordingly, the lid also has a recess as a continuation of the recess on the device for fastening the lid. To protect the head from a possible impact when landing, as well as when wearing a backpack behind the back, the surface of the cavity on the device for fastening the cover and the cavity on the cover can be covered with a soft layer. The rolls can be rolled either towards the parachute axis or away from the axis. Due to the presence of the mentioned depressions, the worn pack of such a parachute protrudes back less. Therefore, the parachute according to claim 7 of the formula may be the most compact of all variants of the proposed dorsal parachute. In addition, when a person stands on the ground with a backpack on, the axis of the opened parachute, passing through the center of mass, is closer to the vertical, so the descent on such a parachute will occur in a less bent position of the person being rescued, compared to parachutes according to paragraphs 5 and 6 of the formula . But the area through which the canopy is pulled decreases, and when the parachute opens, the canopy pulled out by deploying pneumatic slings will flow around the protrusion on the inner surface of the device for fastening the lid, formed by a depression on its outer surface. This protrusion creates some obstruction to the canopy being pulled out and slightly increases friction and wear on the canopy.

Any parachutes with back-mounted pneumatic lines can only be used if there is a sufficiently wide open window in the room (or a wide door in the aircraft). This is due to the strong dependence of the rigidity of inflatable beams on their diameter. The required pressure in inflatable beams is inversely proportional to the cube of their diameter. If the maximum transverse dimension of a rigid backpack is small, then the diameter of the inflatable beams is also small, and to ensure their rigidity it will be necessary to create high pressure in them. Manual parachutes do not have such a strict limitation on the maximum transverse size of the casing, because When the rolls are turned away from the parachute axis, they have a flat design and can easily be carried sideways even through a narrow open window. The limitation for them is the height of the window, but it is usually large (about two meters). Therefore, manual parachutes require much less pressure in the inflatable beams. For example, doubling the diameter of the inflatable beams leads to an eightfold decrease in the required pressure. For this reason, and also because of the simpler suspension system, parachutes with manual pneumatic slings are cheaper than similar parachutes with dorsal parachutes.

The parachute according to claim 8 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 5 of the formula, has a manual design and not a dorsal one. It has handles for the hands of the person being rescued mounted on a symmetrical bucket, made as in paragraph 1 of the formula, or on a hollow ring or on a device for fastening the lid, and located next to them or on them, buttons for the electric ignition system of pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings, or levers or buttons, pressing which pulls out one or another (corresponding) pin of the spring impact mechanism. The suspension system is simplified, in the form of a safety rope (or safety ropes) with a belt. The safety rope is attached at one end to the bucket (and, perhaps, also to the hollow ring and/or to the device for fastening the lid), and the other end to the belt. If there are two or more safety ropes, they can be attached to a hollow ring and/or to a bucket and/or to a device for securing a lid. In the manual version of the parachute, the electric ignition system of the pyro-gas generators is more convenient, because there is no way to pull the pull rings. However, in order to pull the pin, it needs to be moved a small distance, which may well be equal to the distance by which a large button moves when it is pressed deeply. Therefore, to the rod installed on the button along its axis, you can attach a cable connected at the other end to the pin. If you press this button with sufficient force to the maximum depth, you can pull the pin and the parachute will begin to open. If the cable is attached not to the button rod, but to the lever, then less force will be required to pull out the pin with a greater depth of pressure. In case the pyro-gas generators do not operate, the parachute, like the parachute according to claim 5 of the formula, has a foot pump with a hose for pumping air into a hollow ring and a traction rope attached to the top of the canopy folded in a bucket, connected at the other end through a breakable sling with a hook (carabiner) .

It is best to deploy such a parachute while sitting on a windowsill with your feet facing outward and holding the parachute casing in front of you on your feet. Only strong people (at least when using modern materials) are able to lift it while standing with outstretched arms and stand when it opens (when the parachute opens, the center of mass shifts). Standing in a window opening, doing this is even more problematic. Strong people can also deploy a parachute while standing, holding it at chest or waist level. Perhaps in the future such a parachute will be made lighter from ultra-light, durable materials.

The parachute according to clause 8 with rolls wrapped from the axis of the parachute, has a flat design (see Fig. 4, but there must be handles for the hands of the person being rescued, a foot pump with a hose, a traction rope with a carabiner or hook, the lid must be in the shape of an inverted cup with lid handle on top). The lid handle may not protrude upward if there is a hand socket in the center of the lid under the lid handle. Such a flat design will easily pass sideways through an open window. If you plan to pass through the window sideways, then the inflatable beams do not have a strict limitation on the diameter and the pressure in them can be much less than that of dorsal parachutes according to clauses 5-7 of the formula. This means that pneumatic slings will be cheaper and lighter, and if the pyro-gas generators do not operate, such pneumatic slings can be deployed to a greater length using a pump. Jumping with such a parachute is apparently no more dangerous than jumping with a dorsal parachute, since before the jump the parachute lies on the legs and covers everything in front and below. Despite the fact that in flight you need to hang by your hands, the position of the body is straight, and not half-bent as in the case of dorsal parachutes according to paragraphs 5-7 of the formula. The suspension system is simpler and cheaper than that of dorsal parachutes.

Thus, parachutes with manual pneumatic slings of a flat design have less pressure in the inflatable beams compared to dorsal parachutes and have a simpler suspension system, so they are cheaper, simpler and lighter than dorsal parachutes. In addition, such parachutes are as reliable as possible, because the rolls are wrapped away from the axis, and therefore the canopy cannot stick to the adhesive layer (if an adhesive layer with a counter layer like Velcro is used, then any parachute with pneumatic lines is as reliable as possible). Therefore, among the considered means of personal rescue in case of fire or earthquake, parachutes with manual pneumatic slings of a flat design have priority.

In fig. Figure 9 shows the design of the parachute according to claim 9 of the formula in its initial state. 21 - exhaust cable; 22 - arc.

The parachute according to claim 9 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 3 of the formula, additionally contains a traction rope 21, attached at one end to the top of the canopy 10 folded in a bucket (on the upper side for an open canopy), and at the other end through a carabiner 19 and an arc 22 to cover 13. The arc 22 is installed in the center of the lower surface of the cover 13.

Such a parachute can be used, for example, to rescue helicopters, because the cover will not get caught in the rotor(s) and will not get lost when using the parachute.

In addition, such a parachute can be used as a regular parachute, i.e. without using the pneumatic system (except for the pyro-gas generator 15 for shooting off the cover), for dropping cargo at high speed of the aircraft at high altitude. If the carabiner 19 is connected to the traction rope 21 through a break line, then such a parachute can be used as a regular one for dropping cargo from aircraft with the cover 13 previously removed.

If the cover 13 is made with the possibility of easy detachment using deployable pneumatic slings, i.e. recessed into the device 12 for fastening the lid, then there is no problem of synchronized operation of the pyro-gas generators 15 and 11 (in Fig. 9 the lid is normal).

The design of the parachute according to claim 9 of the formula in the case of wrapping the rolls from the parachute axis is shown in Fig. 10.

In fig. Figure 11 shows the design of the parachute according to claim 10 of the formula in its initial state.

23 - brake parachute.

The parachute according to claim 10 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 9 of the formula, additionally contains a brake parachute 23 of a conventional design installed in the center of the upper surface of the cover 13, which opens from the oncoming air flow.

Thus, the parachute according to claim 10 of the formula is a combination of a parachute with pneumatic lines and a traditional parachute with conventional lines. It can be used as a universal parachute, i.e. like a parachute that can be used at any speed and altitude. This means that in the same configuration it can be used both at high altitude at any speed, and at low altitude at low or zero speed, and if ejection is available (to a sufficient altitude) for low-level flight at high speed. Therefore, the parachute according to claim 10 of the formula can be used to rescue an ejected passenger compartment or the cockpit of an airplane, helicopter, or to rescue an aircraft pilot in an ejection seat, or to rescue the cargo-passenger compartment of an aircraft, or as a cargo parachute at any speed and altitude.

The braking parachute 23 has a small area and, at high speeds at high altitudes, is used to stabilize the fall and reduce the speed to such a level that it is possible to deploy the main parachute with pneumatic lines without the danger of a large overload. The cover 13 is installed on the device 12 for securing the cover so that the force from the deployed braking parachute 23 at high speed cannot tear the cover 13 off the device 12 for securing the cover. But the pressure created by the pie-gas generators 15 to shoot the lid must be sufficient to shoot it off. It is possible to use locks holding the cover 13, but this reduces the reliability of the parachute. It's better to use a latch.

At low altitude at low or zero speed, the braking parachute 23 is not used and is fired together with the cover 13. Immediately after this, the main parachute with pneumatic lines is activated. A small mass of the brake parachute 23 and the cover 13 is assumed, which after shooting will hang from the open canopy 10.

The design of the parachute according to claim 10 of the formula in the case of wrapping the rolls from the parachute axis is shown in Fig. 12.

If the parachute according to claim 10 of the formula uses a cover 13, recessed into the device 12 for fastening the cover, then the brake parachute 23 is placed in the cavity of the cover 13. If the rolls 7 are wrapped to the axis of the parachute (Fig. 11), then with any cover 13 in it it is possible to make a recess in the central part and thus use the empty space near the axis of the parachute above the rolls 7 to accommodate the drogue parachute 23, even if they touch each other.

For rescue at very high speeds from an airplane, there may be two or more braking parachutes 23. They can be located one above the other, with the top of each lower-lying canopy connected by a pull cable to a cover to which the lines of the higher-lying parachute with a smaller canopy diameter are attached. That is, the connection diagram for parachutes is the same as described above. Braking parachutes open sequentially and gradually reduce speed to a speed at which the main parachute with pneumatic lines can open. After deployment, all parachutes are arranged in a chain, tandem, and all participate in creating a common braking aerodynamic force. Therefore, the steady rate of descent will be less than if you deploy only one parachute with air lines at low or zero airspeed.

The cover 13 can be made of a two-layer composite. Then the role of the braking parachute 23 can be played by its upper part, connected to the main lower part of the cover using parallel slings and installed on it with the possibility of shooting using a pyro-gas generator (s) for shooting the upper part of the cover, installed on the main lower part of the cover with possibility of replacement. The fired parts of the cover connected by parallel slings can be located on the main lower part of the cover in several layers to consistently increase the area of such a “brake parachute”, which has the shape of a tower when opened. In this case, for each part of the multilayer lid to be shot, there must be at least one or two pie-gas generator(s) for shooting part of the lid, installed on the lower part of the lid.

Designs with long guide pipe sections. These include parachutes according to paragraphs. 11-15 formulas (Fig. 13-22). In these parachutes, unlike all previously discussed designs, the guide pipe sections are long and go from the bottom of the gas distribution device located at the bottom of the bucket or under the bucket, up along the entire height of the bucket or most of it. In them, unlike parachutes of a flat design with rolls wrapped away from the axis, rolls of pneumatic slings are located not at the level of the bucket, but above the bucket. Therefore, the guide pipe sections are long (cf. Fig. 12 and Fig. 13). In addition to their main purpose, guide pipe sections also serve as a load-bearing frame. Guide pipe sections can be attached to the bucket and to the device for fastening the lid directly or through stiffening ribs. Guide pipe sections can also be connected by horizontal stiffeners or other horizontal load-bearing elements.

For these parachutes, long metal guide pipe sections can also play the role of radiators and receivers when used in pyro-gas generators to inflate pneumatic slings with powder charges instead of the natural charges used to inflate car airbags with nitrogen (see description RU 2583398 C2). In this case, high pressure can be created in the inflatable beams. But in this case, the film of the inflatable beams and the tape slings must remain strong and flexible at high temperatures from the moment the parachute opens until landing.

In fig. 13 and 14 show the design of the parachute according to claim 11 of the formula in its initial state.

For a parachute according to claim 11 of the formula, in contrast to a parachute according to claim 3 of the formula, the hollow ring is always installed at the bottom of the bucket or under the bucket. The guide pipe sections are long, so along their entire length, except for the areas where pneumatic slings are attached to them, they are attached to the device for fastening the cover through stiffening ribs. The bucket is located in the space between the guide pipe sections inside the device for fastening the lid and is attached to the guide pipe sections directly or through stiffening ribs. Since the angle between the generatrix of the bucket and its axis may differ from the angle between the long straight guide section of the pipe and the axis of the bucket, the bucket may have a neck at the top. In this case, unused voids are formed inside the cover. The guide pipe sections can be made straight along their entire length (Fig. 13) or curved, repeating the shape of the upper part of the bucket, and in their upper part bending to the direction of the pneumatic lines when the parachute is lowered (Fig. 14).

If the rolls are wrapped towards the parachute axis, then the parachute casing in the initial state will have the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid, in the upper part of which there may be either a flat cover or a cover in the shape of an inverted cup. If the guide pipe sections change their direction, then the shape of the casing will be in the form of two coaxial truncated cones or pyramids with different angles at the apex.

The total length of the pneumatic system of such a parachute is greater than that of previous versions, due to the increase in the length of its rigid part. This is despite the fact that the hollow ring is smaller (assuming 6 or more pneumatic lines). Therefore, the mass of the rigid part of the pneumatic system and the hydraulic losses in it will be greater. The latter may slightly affect the canopy opening time.

The advantage of a parachute is the ability to use powder charges in pyro-gas generators to inflate pneumatic lines.

In fig. 15 and 16 show the design of the parachute according to claim 12 of the formula in its initial state.

For a parachute according to claim 12 of the formula, in contrast to a parachute according to claim 11 of the formula, the gas distribution device is made in the form of a sphere to which guide pipe sections are attached, or in the form of a unit (splitter) of diverging guide pipe sections. Such a gas distribution device can be considered as a special limiting case, when a hollow ring is pulled into a sphere or into a point or into a pipe section. In this case, the pyro-gas generator for inflating pneumatic slings is installed with the possibility of replacement on the said sphere or the mentioned node (splitter) along the axis of the bucket, and if there are two or more pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings, then they are placed on the said sphere or the mentioned node (splitter) so that the gas flow directly entered simultaneously into all guide pipe sections (Fig. 15). The overpressure release valve and the release valve are replaceably installed on said sphere or said unit (splitter). The guide pipe sections are made straight and the bucket is made of a conical or pyramidal shape without a bottom or the specified shape with a neck on top or in the form of a surface of rotation with a curved generatrix forming a tip at the bottom and a neck at the top (Fig. 15) or in the form of a pyramid with curved ribs, inscribed in the specified surface of revolution. The guide pipe sections can be made to envelop a bucket having the shape as in claim 1 of the formula (Fig. 16), or as in claim 12 of the formula (the shape of the bucket is described in the previous sentence). In this case, the guide pipe sections in their upper part take the direction of the pneumatic lines when the parachute is lowered. Despite the increased length of the rigid part of the pneumatic system, due to the absence of a hollow ring, and accordingly, the absence of a sharp change in the direction of gas flows, hydraulic losses and parachute opening time may be less than in all the options described above.

In the particular case, if the rolls are wrapped towards the axis of the parachute, the parachute casing in the initial state will have the shape of a cone or pyramid, in the upper part of which there may be either a flat cover or a cover in the shape of an inverted cup, and in the lower part (at the top of the cone or pyramids) a pie gas generator(s) is installed.

In principle, parachutes according to clauses 11 and 12 of the formula may not have a bucket. Then the entire folded dome is placed in the space between the guide pipe sections inside the device for fastening the lid. The dome will mainly rest against, and when opened, rub against the guide pipe sections, and not against the inner surface of the bucket. The weight of the parachute may decrease due to the absence of a bucket. However, in the case of straight guide pipe sections, the shape of the space for laying the dome is not optimal: the dome cannot be tightly compressed, because the guide pipe sections cannot keep it in a compressed state due to the large angle at the top of the pyramid. In the case of bent pipe guides, the dome can be compressed tightly, but there will be increased friction and wear on the dome where the dome and pipe guides contact.

Parachutes with an "external frame". These include parachutes according to clauses 13-15 of the formula (Fig. 17-22). In these parachutes, the guide pipe sections, in addition to their main purpose, also serve as an external load-bearing frame. From the outside, the guide pipe sections are not covered with anything (since there is no device for fastening the lid, or it is installed on the top of the bucket). The main advantage of these parachutes is the ability to use powder charges instead of the natural charges used to inflate car airbags with nitrogen. In the case of using powder charges, guide pipe sections also play the role of air cooling radiators and receivers.

In fig. 17 and 18 show the design of the parachute according to claim 13 of the formula in its initial state.

For a parachute according to claim 13 of the formula, unlike parachutes according to claim 1 or 2 of the formula, the hollow ring is installed at the bottom of the bucket or under the bucket. The device for securing the lid and the lid are missing. The bucket is located in the space between the guide pipe sections and is attached to the guide pipe sections directly or through stiffening ribs. The guide pipe sections can be made straight along their entire length (Fig. 17) or curved, repeating the shape of the upper part of the bucket, and in their upper part bending to the direction of the pneumatic lines when the parachute is lowered (Fig. 18).

In fig. 19 and 20 show the design of the parachute according to claim 14 of the formula in its initial state.

For a parachute according to claim 14 of the formula, in contrast to a parachute according to claim 13 of the formula, the gas distribution device is made in the form of a sphere to which guide pipe sections are attached or in the form of a unit (splitter) of diverging guide pipe sections. In this case, the pyro-gas generator for inflating pneumatic slings is installed with the possibility of replacement on the said sphere or the mentioned node (splitter) along the axis of the bucket, and if there are two or more pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings, then they are placed on the said sphere or the mentioned node (splitter) so that the gas flow directly entered simultaneously into all guide pipe sections (Fig. 19). The overpressure release valve and the release valve are replaceably installed on said sphere or said unit (splitter). The guide pipe sections are made straight and the bucket is made of a conical or pyramidal shape without a bottom or the specified shape with a neck on top or in the form of a surface of rotation with a curved generatrix forming a tip at the bottom and a neck at the top (Fig. 19) or in the form of a pyramid with curved ribs, inscribed in the specified surface of revolution. The guide pipe sections can be made to envelop a bucket (Fig. 20), having the shape as in claim 1 of the formula, or as in claim 14 of the formula (the shape of the bucket is described in the previous sentence). In this case, the guide pipe sections in their upper part take the direction of the pneumatic lines when the parachute is lowered.

In fig. 23-25 show a working model of the inventive parachute according to claim 14 of the formula with straight guide pipe sections (as in Fig. 19), with a gas distribution device in the form of a unit (splitter) of diverging guide pipe sections, without a bucket and without ribbon slings.

In fig. 23 shows the mentioned model in its initial state, in which the pneumatic slings are rolled up, and the dome is folded and placed inside the model. In fig. 23 rolls are folded toward the parachute axis, but the model was also tested with rolls folded away from the parachute axis. In the second case, the reliability of canopy opening is higher, because sticking of the dome to the sticky layer is practically eliminated.

In fig. 24 and 25 show the mentioned model after inflating and deploying the pneumatic lines and opening the canopy. In fig. 24, the model after the dome has been opened is shown in full and on the same scale as in the original state in FIG. 23. In FIG. 25 is a larger scale and the structure of the pneumatic sling of the model is clearly visible: the track of the sticky layer on the inflatable beam is clearly visible (a white stripe along the entire inflatable beam), the tube at the end of the inflatable beam and the nylon loop threaded through it, attached at both ends to the dome made of double film.

The mentioned model is made in a simplified manner without a bucket, and the folded dome lies directly on the guide pipe sections (Fig. 23). A plastic watering splitter is used as a gas distribution device. Air is pumped into it through a hose from a person’s lungs. The hose is attached to the lower common pipe of the splitter (not visible in Fig. 23-25), and pneumatic slings are attached to the branches of the splitter, which act as guide pipe sections. The pneumatic slings of the model are made in the form of simple cylindrical inflatable beams without tape slings inside (Fig. 25). The coils are made in a simplified form in the form of cardboard tubes.

The mentioned parachute model opens very quickly, almost instantly. You can blow directly without a hose into the lower common pipe of the splitter.

In fig. 21 and 22 show the design of the parachute according to claim 15 of the formula in its initial state (the parachute according to claim 14 of the formula is taken as the basis).

The parachute according to claim 15 of the formula, unlike the parachutes according to claims 13 and 14 of the formula with an external frame made of guide pipe sections, to protect the rolls of pneumatic slings and the folded canopy, a device for attaching the lid is installed on the top of the bucket as in claim 3 formula, in the lower part of which there are holes for guide pipe sections, and on which a cover is installed as in clause 3 of the formula.

If the rolls are wrapped towards the axis of the parachute, then the device for fastening the lid can be made in the form of a shell (surface) in the shape of a basin without a bottom, in the lower part of which there are holes for guide pipe sections, and the upper part has a neck that smoothly turns into a downward short vertical cylinder on which the cap is placed. The device for fastening the lid can also be made in the form of a multifaceted shell (surface), which can be inscribed in the above-mentioned surface and in the lower part of which there are holes for guide pipe sections, and the upper part has a multifaceted neck that smoothly turns into a short vertical prism going down with the same number of faces as the polyhedral shell (surface), and a cover is placed on said prism. Depending on the height of said shell, the lid may be flat or in the shape of an inverted cup (Fig. 22), or may be recessed into the lid securing device (Fig. 21).

For a parachute according to claim 15 of the formula, the cover is installed on the device for attaching the cover according to claim 3 of the formula, i.e. from above, covering the rolls of inflatable beams and the dome, and the cover is installed with the possibility of its removal using pyro-gas generators for shooting the cover, installed on the device for fastening the cover with the possibility of replacing them, or/and the cover is installed with the possibility of its easy and quick removal from the device for fastening the cover manually and/or with the possibility of its easy detachment using unfolding inflatable beams and/or with the possibility of opening it like a hatch.

Parachutes with long guide tubes, i.e. according to clauses 11-15 of the formula, can be used in all the described areas of application of the inventive parachute, including as an individual means of rescue, both in the manual and in the back version (in the latter case, the guide pipe sections can be bent, repeating the bend back).

For parachutes according to paragraphs. 3, 7-10, 15 formulas, the device for fastening the lid can be made extremely simple in the form of a horizontal flat ring installed on a hollow ring or/and on a bucket (a horizontal flat polygon with a hole in the center) smoothly turning at the periphery into a short vertical hollow cylinder (short vertical hollow prism) onto which a lid in the shape of an inverted cup is placed. If such an extremely simple flat device for fastening the lid is installed on a bucket directly above the hollow ring (for a parachute according to claim 15 of the formula - on the top of the bucket), then it must have holes for guide pipe sections. If such a flat device for fastening the lid is installed on a bucket, then it can be cast integrally with the bucket. However, the use of such a flat cover mounting device will result in wasted internal space and a local increase in the size of the cover without providing any particular benefit. For comparison: when using a recessed flat cover (Fig. 13, 15, 21), unused internal space also appears and the diameter of the cover increases noticeably, but it becomes possible to detach the cover with deployable pneumatic slings without using a pyro-gas generator to shoot off the cover. Therefore, a device for fastening the lid according to claim 3 of the formula, covering at least partially the rolls, is more effective.

In a parachute according to claim 16 of the formula, each guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the inflatable beam. The remaining elements of this parachute can be according to any of paragraphs. 1-15 formulas.

All previous designs had a single-volume pneumatic system. In a parachute according to claim 16 of the formula, all inflatable beams are pneumatically isolated from each other due to the inlet valves, which makes it possible to obtain greater rigidity of the pneumatic frame of the parachute (gas cannot flow from a deformable inflatable beam to others), as well as independence of the rigidity of the inflatable beams if one is damaged of them. But you will have to bleed the gas from each inflatable beam separately. In principle, for convenience, it is possible to collect all the outlet valves for bleeding gas from inflatable beams in one place, or to come up with a valve that, without disturbing the pneumatic isolation of each inflatable beam, allows gas to be released simultaneously from all inflatable beams.

In fig. 26 shows a cross-section of a pneumatic line for parachutes according to claims. 1-16 formulas, and in FIG. Figure 27 shows the cross-section of the pneumatic line of the parachute according to claim 17 of the formula.

24 - response layer (if available); 25 - internal inflatable beam of increased rigidity.

In fig. Figure 28 shows a structure consisting of inflatable cylinders forming a pipe, the internal volume of which is also under pressure [F. Otto, R. Trostel. Pneumatic building structures. M.: Publishing House of Construction Literature, 1967, pp. 105-107]. This design has greater flexural rigidity compared to a single-layer inflatable cylinder [see. ibid]. This design can be considered as a package of inflatable beams.

Parachutes according to paragraphs. 17-21 formulas have pneumatic slings of increased rigidity due to the use of the effect of a package of inflatable beams [RU 2699950, publ. 09/11/2019, bulletin. No. 26, from the village. 12, line 32 to p. 13, line 4].

In a parachute according to claim 17 of the formula, each pneumatic line contains, inside its inflatable beam 4, an internal inflatable beam 25 of increased rigidity, consisting of cylindrical or conical inflatable beams of smaller diameter, forming a pipe, the internal volume of which is also under pressure (Fig. 27). The internal high rigidity inflatable beam 25 is essentially the inflatable structure shown in FIG. 28, but adapted to the requirements for a pneumatic sling. In the internal volume of the internal inflatable beam 25 of increased rigidity there is a belt sling 5. The internal inflatable beam 25 of increased rigidity in inflated form divides the internal volume of the inflated pneumatic sling into longitudinal sections, which in cross section have the form of circles forming a regular polygon of an asterisk located between them (central compartment) and a ring located outside them with round internal cutouts (external compartment). Thus, the pneumatic sling, the cross section of which is shown in FIG. 27, is divided into eight longitudinal compartments. There may be more of them, for example ten, but the more there are, the slower the pneumatic sling will inflate and unfold, and the more valves and taps there will be. Due to the small number of peripheral inflatable beams, the internal inflatable beam 25 of increased rigidity, in order not to lose the cross-sectional area of the pneumatic sling, the internal inflatable beam 25 of increased rigidity is placed inside the inflatable beam 4. Each guide section of pipe 3 is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with cross sections of the corresponding longitudinal sections of the pneumatic sling.

Each longitudinal section of the pneumatic sling is attached to the corresponding longitudinal section of the guide pipe section to form a sealed connection (an overlap connection, a connection with two linings, a connection with one lining can be used). Each longitudinal section of the guide pipe has an inlet valve (the outer section connected to the outer section of the air line may have several inlet valves; the central section may have two inlet valves), an overpressure release valve and a bleed valve for bleeding gas from the longitudinal section pneumatic sling. The lower part of each tape sling 5 is attached to the bottom of the central section of the corresponding guide pipe section or to a rod installed inside the corresponding guide pipe section along its diameter. The upper parts of each belt sling 5, each internal inflatable beam 25 of increased rigidity and each inflatable beam 4 of the pneumatic sling are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding coil 8.

In fig. 29, fig. 30 and fig. 31 shows cross sections of pneumatic lines for parachutes according to paragraphs. 18-21 formulas.

27 - composite inflatable beam; 28 - tubular sling.

For a parachute according to claim 18 of the formula, in contrast to parachutes according to any of the claims. 1, 3-15 of the formula, each pneumatic sling consists of a composite inflatable beam 27 and a ribbon sling 5 located inside it (Fig. 29). The composite inflatable beam 27 is glued (welded) from cylindrical inflatable beams of the same length and diameter so that when inflated it consists of longitudinal compartments, which in cross section have the form of truncated sectors located around a circle, and a central compartment located inside them in the shape of a regular polygon , in which the belt sling 5 is located. The composite inflatable beam 27 is also, in fact, an inflatable structure, shown in FIG. 28, but the cross-section of the peripheral longitudinal compartments is not round, but in the form of truncated sectors, therefore, under load, such a section may be slightly deformed. This reduces the bending resistance compared to the pneumatic parachute line according to claim 17 of the formula, but the entire area of the circle is used, and therefore there is no need to place the composite inflatable beam 27 inside another inflatable beam. Each guide section of the pipe 3 is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with the cross sections of the corresponding sections of the composite inflatable beam 27. Each section of the composite inflatable beam 27 is attached to the corresponding section of the guide section of the pipe to form a sealed connection (an overlap connection, a connection with two pads, connection with one pad). Each section of the guide pipe has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve, and an outlet valve to bleed gas from the composite inflatable beam compartment (the central section may have two inlet valves). The lower part of each tape sling 5 is attached to the bottom of the central section of the corresponding guide pipe section or to a rod installed inside the corresponding guide pipe section 3 along its diameter. The upper part of each tape sling 5 and the upper part of each composite inflatable beam 27 are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding reel 8. Each composite inflatable beam 27 on the side opposite the axis of the opened parachute has a longitudinal track of an adhesive layer 6, adhering to this composite inflatable beam with its diametrically opposite side for fixing the rolled pneumatic sling in a roll on a reel, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam.

For the parachute according to claim 19 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 18 of the formula, each composite inflatable beam 27 on the side diametrically opposite to the track of the adhesive layer 6 has a track with a mating layer 24, which is glued to the track of the sticky layer 6 when the pneumatic slings into a roll, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam 27. In this case, the tracks from the sticky 6 and reciprocal 24 layers can be made like Velcro according to claim 2 of the formula (i.e., from a material with jagged bristles or with flexible hooks on one side of the composite inflatable beam 27 and fabric having a pile of thread loops, on the diametrically opposite side of the composite inflatable beam 27; or like Velcro, consisting of small tapes identical on both tapes, but with tips directed on each tape in opposite directions flexible hooks that interlock with each other when connecting the tapes).

In a parachute according to claim 20 of the formula, each pneumatic line consists of a tubular line 28 in the form of a cylindrical flexible but strong shell and a composite inflatable beam 27 located inside it (Figs. 30 and 31). The composite inflatable beam 27 is glued (welded) from cylindrical inflatable beams of the same length so that when inflated it consists of longitudinal sections, which in cross section have the form of sectors (Fig. 30) or truncated sectors and triangles (Fig. 31) or truncated sectors , trapezoids and triangles (each sector is divided into three parts). Each guide section of the pipe 3 is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with the cross sections of the corresponding sections of the composite inflatable beam 27. Each section of the composite inflatable beam 27 is attached to the corresponding section of the guide section of the pipe 3 to form a sealed connection (an overlap connection, a connection can be used with two pads, connection with one pad). Each section of the guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the section of the composite inflatable beam. The lower part of each tubular sling 28 is attached to the outer surface of the corresponding guide section of the pipe 3. The upper part of each tubular sling 28 and the upper part of each composite inflatable beam 27 are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding reel 8. Each tubular sling 28 on the side opposite the axis of the opened parachute has a longitudinal track of an adhesive layer 6, glued to this tubular sling from its diametrically opposite side for fixing the rolled pneumatic sling in a roll on a reel, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam 27.

The remaining elements of this parachute can be according to any of paragraphs. 1, 3-15 formulas.

For the parachute according to claim 21 of the formula, in contrast to the parachute according to claim 20 of the formula, each tubular sling 28 on the side diametrically opposite to the track of the adhesive layer 6 has a track with a reciprocal layer 24, which is glued to the track of the adhesive layer 6 when the pneumatic sling is rolled up into a roll, but with the possibility of unfolding the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam 27. In this case, the tracks from the sticky 6 and reciprocal 24 layers can be made like Velcro according to claim 2 of the formula (i.e., from a material with jagged bristles or with flexible hooks with one side of a tubular sling 28 and fabric having a pile of thread loops, on the diametrically opposite side of a tubular sling 28; or like Velcro, consisting of small flexible hooks identical on both tapes, but with tips directed on each tape in opposite directions, interlocking with each other when connecting the tapes).

For parachutes according to claims 20 and 21 of the formula (Figs. 30 and 31), the entire cross-sectional area of the composite inflatable beam 27 is used, but the side walls of the compartments can be deformed to a limited extent, which increases their volume on the compressible side. In addition, the weight of the pneumatic sling increases. However, the effect of the inflatable beam stack still works, increasing the flexural stiffness compared to a simple inflatable beam. The film of the compartments is practically inextensible, therefore, on the compressible side, their volume will increase slightly only due to a change in the shape of the compartments; this latter volume must be taken into account in the calculations.

Below, for each version of a parachute with pneumatic lines, are the numbers of the drawings in which it is depicted.

The parachute according to claim 1 of the formula is shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the cross section of its pneumatic sling is shown in Fig. 26 without track 24 with a response layer.

The parachute according to claim 2 of the formula is obtained from the parachute according to claim 1 of the formula if it has pneumatic lines, the cross section of which is shown in Fig. 26.

The parachute according to claim 3 of the formula is shown in Fig. 3 and 4, in fig. Figure 5 shows the stages of its opening.

The parachute according to claim 4 of the formula is shown in Fig. 6. The parachute according to claim 5 of the formula is shown in Fig.7.

The parachute according to claim 6 of the formula is obtained by turning the hollow ring 2 in Fig. 7 while maintaining the directions of the guide pipe sections 3.

The parachute according to claim 7 of the formula is obtained by turning the entire backpack in Fig. 7 or by turning the hollow ring 2 in FIG. 7 while maintaining the directions of the guide sections of pipes 3 so that the head ends up in the cavity for the head and neck of the person being rescued, located between two adjacent rolls of pneumatic slings.

The parachute according to claim 8 of the non-flat design formula is shown in Fig. 8, and a flat design (the most rational) can be obtained from Fig. 4 by adding handles for the rescued person’s hands and safety ropes with a belt.

The parachute according to claim 9 of the formula is shown in Fig. 9 and 10.

The parachute according to claim 10 of the formula is shown in Fig. 11 and 12.

The parachute according to claim 11 of the formula is shown in Fig. 13 and 14.

The parachute according to claim 12 of the formula is shown in Fig. 15 and 16.

The parachute according to claim 13 of the formula is shown in Fig. 17 and 18.

The parachute according to claim 14 of the formula is shown in Fig. 19 and 20, a working model of such a parachute is shown in FIG. 23-25.

The parachute according to claim 15 of the formula is shown in Fig. 21 and 22.

Parachute according to paragraph 16 of the formula - obtained from any parachute according to paragraphs. 1-15 of the formula, if each guide pipe section has an inlet valve.

Parachute according to paragraph 17 of the formula - obtained from any parachute according to paragraphs. 1-15 of the formula, if it has pneumatic slings, the cross section of which is shown in Fig. 27.

Parachute according to paragraph 18 of the formula - obtained from any parachute according to paragraphs. 1, 3-15 formulas, if it has pneumatic slings, the cross section of which is shown in Fig. 29 without track 24 with a response layer.

The parachute according to claim 19 of the formula is obtained from the parachute according to claim 18 of the formula if it has pneumatic lines, the cross section of which is shown in Fig. 29.

Parachute according to claim 20 of the formula - obtained from any parachute according to claim. 1, 3-15 formulas, if it has pneumatic slings, the cross section of which is shown in Fig. 30 and 31 without track 24 with a response layer.

The parachute according to claim 21 of the formula is obtained from the parachute according to claim 20 of the formula if it has pneumatic lines, the cross section of which is shown in Fig. 30 and 31.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of a parachute according to claim 1 of the formula (Fig. 1, 2). When voltage is applied to the spark plug of the pyro-gas generator 11 for inflating pneumatic lines or when the pin of the spring impact mechanism is pulled out using a pull ring cable connected to the pull ring, the pyrocharge is ignited. A large amount of gas is formed (see RU 2583398 C2), which comes from the pyro-gas generator 11 to inflate pneumatic slings into the hollow ring 2 and then through the guide pipe sections 3 into the inflatable beams 4, which, together with the tape slings 5 located inside them, form pneumatic slings. Hollow ring 2 acts as a gas distribution device and receiver. The pneumatic slings begin to straighten, i.e. unwind from rolls 7 in the directions specified by the guide sections of pipes 3, forming the ribs of the pyramid. At the same time, coils 8 fixed at the upper ends of the pneumatic slings with ends in the shape of necks and with smooth inner and side surfaces begin to move along the axes of the guide pipe sections 3, i.e. straight and rotate at the same time. Since rope loops 9 are threaded through these coils, attached at both ends to the edges of the canopy 10, the coils 8 also pull the edges of the canopy 10, pulling the canopy 10 folded in bucket 1 out (for a parachute according to claim 3 of the formula, this is shown in Fig. 5, stage 2). Track 6 of the adhesive layer allows each roll 7 of the pneumatic sling to unwind correctly (without this track, the parachute will not be able to open, since the inflatable beam is inflated directly in the roll faster than it can unwind, for more details, see below). At some point, the entire dome 10 comes out of the bucket 1 and unfolds. Further, the length of the pneumatic slings continues to increase. When the pneumatic lines are fully straightened, forming the ribs of the pyramid, the parachute is ready for use (Fig. 5, stage 3). Now you can jump down or drop a load. Or the ejected passenger compartment of an aircraft or car may begin to fall (the parachute is forced to open almost instantly at the top point of the trajectory). When moving down, the dome changes the direction of the convexity under the influence of the oncoming flow (Fig. 5, stage 4) and begins to reduce the speed of fall to the steady speed of fall. If gas is released from the inflatable beams during flight, then the inventive parachute with pneumatic lines turns into a regular parachute and then, by changing the length of the deflated pneumatic lines, it can be controlled. Damage to the inflatable beams after the canopy is fully deployed is therefore not dangerous.

If the pyro-gas generator 11 fails to operate, a second (backup) pyro-gas generator is used to inflate the pneumatic lines. There can be two or more backup pie gas generators.

In more detail, the principle of deploying a pneumatic sling is as follows. When gas is supplied to an inflatable sling rolled into a roll, the gas passes between two layers of film along the perimeter of the roll and expands them. The tape sling 5 located between the layers of the film does not interfere with the passage of gas. The partially inflated part of the inflatable beam, curved around the roll, tends to fully inflate and take a straight position. As a result, the roll begins to unfold, peeling off from track 6 from the adhesive layer, and simultaneously moving straight along the axis of the inflatable beam (flat movement, rolling). When the roll is unrolled, gas is able to penetrate deeper into the roll. With sufficient gas pressure, the roll not only unfolds, breaking the “sticky” connection, but is also able to pull dome 10 from bucket 1 (or perform any other work during its linear and rotational movement, which can be used in various devices). If there is no track 6 of the sticky layer on the inflatable beam, then the compressed gas very quickly penetrates too deeply inside the roll and such an inflatable beam will not be able to turn around correctly with the simultaneous straight movement of the roll along the axis of the inflatable beam. Taking into account the short length of the rope loop 9, incorrect unfolding will quickly stop, the partially inflated roll will be connected by the loop 9 and the edge of the dome 10 located between its ends. That is, “jamming” will occur and the dome 10 will remain in the bucket 1 and will not be able to open.

The principle of operation of the parachute according to claim 2 of the formula differs from that described above only in that when the pneumatic sling is rolled into a roll 7, the track from the sticky layer 6 sticks not to the inflatable beam 4, but to the track with a counter layer 24 located on the diametrically opposite side of the inflatable beam ( Fig. 26). In this case, tracks from sticky 6 and counter 24 layers can be made like Velcro.

The principle of operation of a parachute according to claim 3 of the formula (Fig. 3, 4, 5). Before opening the inventive parachute according to claim 3 of the formula, you need to remove the cover 13 manually or shoot it off using excess pressure created by the pyro-gas generator 15 to shoot off the cover. If the lid 13 opens like a hatch, then it must be opened accordingly (manually or using a pyro-gas generator 15 to shoot the lid or using a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder). If the cover 13 is made flat (or almost flat) and at the same time recessed into the device 12 for fastening the cover (as in Fig. 13, 15, 21), then this stage can be skipped, because in this case, the cover 13 can be detached by unfolding rolls 7 of pneumatic slings without using pyro-gas generators 15 to shoot off the cover. It is assumed here that the pyro-gas generators 11 for inflating the pneumatic slings create sufficient pressure for such a disconnection. Or, such an opening can be used when the pyro-gas generators 15 fail to operate to shoot off the lid.

After disconnecting the cover 13 in one way or another, the parachute is ready for forced deployment. The principle of deploying pneumatic lines, pulling and opening the canopy is described above for parachutes according to paragraphs 1 and 2 of the formula. In fig. Figure 5 shows the stages of parachute opening according to claim 3 of the formula, described earlier.

The principle of operation of the parachute according to claim 4 of the formula (Fig. 6). Before opening the parachute according to clause 4 of the formula, you need to open the valves of the cover like the petals of a flower. The opening of the cover valves is carried out either by excess internal pressure created by a pyro-gas generator, or with the help of pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, or with the help of rubber bands or harnesses. If the cover valves are extended upward, then they can be opened by deploying pneumatic slings, but in this case, in the initial state, unused space is formed under the cover valves.

After opening the cover valves in one way or another, the parachute is ready for forced deployment of the canopy. The principle of forced opening of the dome is described above.

The principle of operation of parachutes according to paragraphs 5-7 of the formula (Fig. 7). These parachutes are dorsal-mounted and are designed, for example, to rescue a person from a multi-story building during a fire or earthquake, if the windows in the building are wide enough.

Before the jump, the cover 13 is removed manually using the cover handle 20. In this case, the locking of the pull rings is automatically released so that they can be used to pull out the pin of one of the spring impact mechanisms. Next, the parachute is put on the back, after which the parachute is ready for use.

The principle of forced deployment of parachutes according to paragraphs 5-7 of the formula is no different from that described above.

If the pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings do not work, a person being saved from a fire can independently pump air into the hollow ring 2 and into the pneumatic slings using the foot pump 17 through the hose 18. This way, it is impossible to fully deploy the pneumatic slings, because much higher pressure is required to fully unfold them and keep them sufficiently rigid. But it is possible to deploy them partially and, thereby, completely or at least partially pull out the canopy 10 from bucket 1, and then you will have to fully open the parachute using a pull rope, as described below, or from the incoming air flow if there is a headroom.

In the most extreme case, if the foot pump 17 is faulty, the rescued person removes the backpack, hooks a hook (carabiner) 19 onto a heating pipe or onto a window sill (etc.), attached through a break sling and a pull rope to the top of the folded in bucket 1 domes 10, puts on a backpack and jumps as far as possible from the wall. Under the influence of a person’s weight and his kinetic energy, the traction rope will pull and turn the canopy, unwind the pneumatic slings, after which the breakable sling will break. The elongated and inverted dome will fully open under the influence of the air flow coming from below. Therefore, in this extreme case, some headroom is needed. If the foot pump 17 is used before this as described above, then the reliability of rescue is increased due to the elimination of the stage of eversion of the dome or the ease of eversion after partially pulling the dome out of the bucket.

If you have time, it is also possible (for greater reliability) before the jump to remove the backpack, hook the hook (carabiner) 19 to the heating pipe or to the window sill, manually pull out the entire dome 10 from bucket 1 and turn it out, hanging it out of the window. In this case, there is no need to unwind the pneumatic lines so that they do not get tangled and so that the canopy does not stick to the sticky layer. Next you need to put on your backpack and jump. After the jump, the pneumatic lines will unfold thanks to the traction rope.

It is possible that the need to turn out the dome when the pyro-gas generators fail to operate to inflate pneumatic lines can be eliminated due to the method of laying the dome and other parallel measures (see below).

In the case where you need to jump from a roof with a strong headwind, due to the lack of a wall behind you, unfavorable conditions arise for the jump. Inflatable lines may bend. A collision between an open parachute and then a person colliding with a wall and other unfavorable consequences is possible. A normally deployed parachute can carry a person up and back and through a building. Therefore, in this case, it is better to jump from any other edge of the roof, that is, jump into the wind or with a side wind. If you need to jump against the wind, then, apparently, you will have to jump first, and only then open the parachute.

Thus, a person being rescued from a fire or earthquake with a high degree of probability can be saved with the help of the inventive parachute, and in the overwhelming majority of cases (with normal operation) with minimal fear of jumping. The parachute can be used even from the second floor.

The principle of operation of a parachute according to claim 8 of the formula (Fig. 8). This parachute has a manual design with a simplified suspension system in the form of a safety rope with a belt. There can be two (Fig. 8) or more safety ropes. A parachute can be used, for example, to rescue a person from a multi-story building during a fire or earthquake, and with a flat parachute design, one can escape even from a narrow window.

As with previous parachutes (according to clauses 5-7 of the formula), before the jump the cover is removed manually and at the same time the blocking of the pyro-gas generators for inflating the pneumatic lines is automatically removed. Next you need to put on a safety belt. After this, the parachute is ready for use.

The principle of forced deployment of the parachute according to claim 8 of the formula does not differ from that described above. To perform forced deployment, you need to press one of the buttons or one of the levers located on or next to the rescued hand grips. When one of the buttons is pressed, the circuit of the electrical ignition system of the corresponding pyro-gas generator is closed to inflate pneumatic slings, or the pin of one of the spring impact mechanisms is pulled out by means of a cable connected at one end to the pin, and the other end to a rod mounted on the button along its axis. In the latter case, there may be levers instead of buttons.

If the pyro-gas generators fail to operate, the means described above for parachutes according to paragraphs 1 are used to inflate the pneumatic lines. 5-7 formulas.

The principle of operation of a parachute according to claim 9 of the formula (Fig. 9, 10). Such a parachute can be used to drop cargo both at high speed of the aircraft at high altitude, and at low altitude at low or zero speed.

In the first case, i.e. at high speed at high altitude, the shot off cover 13 works like a pilot chute. Pneumatic slings do not inflate, because... the dome 10 is pulled out and turned out by the cover 13, due to the fact that the top of the dome 10 is connected to the cover 13 through a pull cable 21, a carabiner 19 and an arc 22. At the same time, uninflated pneumatic slings are unwound. Next, the elongated and inverted canopy 10 opens under the influence of the oncoming air flow, like a conventional parachute. The overload with such an opening of the canopy at high speed is reduced, because Due to the presence of the sticky layer 6, the pneumatic slings will unwind gradually, limiting the open area of the dome.

As in the case of parachutes according to clauses 5-8 of the formula, with a parachute according to clause 9 of the formula, it may be possible to eliminate the inversion of the canopy due to the method of laying the canopy (see below) and other parallel measures without reducing the reliability of parachute deployment.

If the traction rope 21 is connected to the carabiner 19 through a break line, then, in principle, with such a parachute you can also use the carabiner 19 to pull and turn out the canopy 10 with the cover 13 removed in advance. The carabiner 19 is attached to a pipe or to a cable inside the aircraft or helicopter. The force at which the breaking line breaks must be greater than the force with which the cover 13 pulls and turns the dome 10, but less than the weight of the load. However, if the cover 13 is used as a pilot chute, then the presence of a breakage line is undesirable, because At very high flight speeds, the cover may come off while pulling and turning the canopy.

In the second case, i.e. at low altitude and low or zero speed, immediately after shooting off the cover 13, pneumatic slings are inflated, which pull out and unfold the dome 10. The pyro-gas generator 15 for shooting the cover and the pyro-gas generator 11 for inflating the pneumatic slings should operate at a small interval. If the cover 13 is recessed into the cover fastening device 12, then deployable pneumatic slings can detach the cover 13 from the cover fastening device 12, i.e. preliminary shooting of the cover is not required and the deployment of the parachute can occur in one stage.

If the height is large, but the speed is low or zero, then you can use any of the two algorithms described above. If the second algorithm is selected, then if the pyro-gas generators 11 fail to operate to inflate the pneumatic slings, the shot lid 13, after reaching the required speed of falling of the load under the influence of the oncoming flow, will extend and turn out the dome 10 and deploy the pneumatic slings. The dome will open from the incoming air flow.

If the height is small but the speed is high, the first algorithm can be used. At very low altitude at high speed, when the second algorithm would result in too much g, the first algorithm would result in a high speed collision with the ground, i.e. in this case, rescue is impossible without ejection.

When rescuing helicopters, the entire parachute according to claim 9 of the formula is deployed as in the second case described above, i.e. at low altitude and low or zero speed (according to the second algorithm). Since the cover 13 is tied to the canopy 10, after shooting it cannot get into the main rotor(s) or the tail rotor and is not lost when using a parachute. After the parachute opens, the cover 13 will hang from the opened canopy 10, and if it is very light, it will act as an additional parachute located above the main canopy and further reduce the rate of fall.

The parachute according to claim 9 of the formula can be used in all cases instead of the parachute according to claim 3 of the formula (Fig. 3, 4), for example, when rescuing passenger compartments from air and ground transport. The advantage of the parachute according to claim 9 of the formula compared to the parachute according to claim 3 of the formula is that the cover 13 is not lost after shooting and can turn into an additional parachute, which further reduces the rate of fall. However, the parachute according to claim 9 of the formula requires consistency in the operation of the pyro-gas generator 15 for shooting off the cover and the pyro-gas generator 11 for inflating the pneumatic lines or the use of a recessed lid.

The area of the cover 13 as an additional parachute is larger if the rolls of pneumatic slings are wrapped away from the parachute axis (Fig. 10).

The principle of operation of the parachute according to claim 10 of the formula (Fig. 11, 12). This parachute is a combination of a parachute with pneumatic lines according to claim 9 of the formula and a small traditional parachute with conventional lines. It can be used in aviation as a universal parachute, i.e. both for rescuing people or dropping cargo from a high altitude at high speed, and for rescuing people or dropping cargo at low altitude at low or zero speed. At low altitude at high speed (airplane takeoff, ekranoplan crash), it can also be used, but after ejection to a sufficient height upward to have time to absorb the high horizontal speed before falling to the ground.

When rescuing people or dropping loads from a great height at high speed, the brake parachute 23 is used to stabilize the fall and reduce the speed to a speed at which the main parachute with pneumatic lines can deploy without the danger of a large overload. To reduce overloads, it is also possible to use a tandem of two drogue parachutes deployed in succession. The cover 13 is installed on the cover fastening device 12 so that the force from the braking parachute 23 at high speed cannot tear the cover 13 off the cover fastening device 12. But the pressure created by the pie-gas generator 15 to shoot the lid must be sufficient to separate it in any case. In the case of high altitude and high speed, the force from the braking parachute 23 is added to this pressure.

After reducing the speed using the braking parachute 23, the main parachute with pneumatic lines is activated. That is, immediately after shooting off the cover 13, the pyro-gas generator 11 is ignited to inflate the pneumatic slings, and the main dome 10 is extended and opened by the pneumatic slings. Or the shot cover 13 together with the braking parachute 23 can pull out and turn out the main canopy 10 without inflating the pneumatic lines (this is less reliable, but in the future it may be possible to do without turning). After the main canopy 10 is deployed in one way or another, the brake parachute 23 and the cover 13 will remain attached to the main canopy 10 through the pull rope 21, and will further reduce the speed of fall.

When rescuing people or dropping cargo at low altitude at low or zero speed, the braking parachute 23 is not used and is fired together with the cover 13. A very short time after the cover 13 is shot off, the pyro-gas generator 11 is ignited to inflate the pneumatic lines, and the main parachute opens. During descent, the cover 13 with the unopened braking parachute 23 will hang from the main canopy 10 on the traction rope 21. Or it is possible to deploy the braking parachute 23 immediately after the main canopy 10 is fully deployed to reduce the speed of fall.

If the cover 13 is recessed into the device 12 for fastening the cover and is separated at low speed of the aircraft by deploying pneumatic slings, then, in principle, you can do without pyro-gas generators 15 for shooting off the cover. In this case, the device 12 for securing the cover must be equipped with locks that hold the cover. Then, before deploying the parachute at low altitude at low speed, you need to unlock these locks to allow the deploying pneumatic lines to separate the cover. And to separate the cover after extinguishing the high speed with the help of the braking parachute 23, you also need to unlock these locks, after which the cover is removed by force from the braking parachute 23. The locks on the device 12 for securing the lid can also be installed in the case of a non-recessed lid 13, which is shot off by a pyro-gas generator 15 for shooting the lid. In any case, all such locks must operate reliably at the same time.

The principle of operation of parachutes according to paragraphs. 11-15 of the formula with long guide pipe sections (Fig. 13-22) is similar to the principle of operation of the corresponding parachutes described above, but in pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings it is possible to use powder charges instead of natural charges used to inflate automobile airbags with nitrogen.

The principle of operation of parachutes according to paragraphs. 16-21 formulas (the cross sections of the pneumatic lines of which are shown in Fig. 26-27, 29-31) are the same as those of the previous parachutes, but for greater rigidity of the pneumatic frame, pneumatically insulated inflatable beams or pneumatically insulated compartments of composite inflatable beams are used, for what are intake valves used for? When using pneumatically insulated inflatable beams (parachute according to claim 16 of the formula), compressed gas cannot flow from more loaded inflatable beams to less loaded ones. This leads to a greater increase in pressure in the more loaded inflatable beams, which increases the rigidity of the pneumatic frame. Composite inflatable beams also use a stack effect, which provides an even greater increase in rigidity compared to conventional pneumatically insulated inflatable beams. The smaller the volume of a pneumatically insulated compartment, the faster the pressure in it increases with the same decrease in its volume. The maximum contribution to the increase in rigidity is made by the compartments located along the perimeter of the section of the composite inflatable beam.

Due to the fact that inflatable beams bend at the base, remaining almost straight along the entire remaining length, the effect of increasing rigidity should be observed not only when the inflatable beam is longitudinally crushed, but also when it is crushed transversely. Transverse crushing makes sense at the base of the inflatable beam, where there is a kink. However, transverse crushing is problematic to carry out on a parachute with pneumatic lines.

Use of the invention in various situations

Rescue from a multi-storey building in case of fire

Rescue in case of fire using the inventive parachute according to paragraphs. Formula 5-7 ideally might look something like this. The fire cut off part of the floors (starting from the second) or individual offices, apartments, rooms starting from the second floor. Some citizens are saved using their personal parachutes or company parachutes (when rescuing from an office). The rest are rescued by the fire brigade, which, with the help of firefighting drones, delivers parachutes (property of the Ministry of Emergency Situations) to the windows or balconies where the people being rescued are located. Rescue must begin from the lowest floors or apartments cut off by fire, because... there is maximum smoke, plus the flame spreads from bottom to top.

A firefighting drone differs from a regular one only in that it has rings around the propellers, which allows it to be pressed closely against the wall of a building to facilitate the transfer of a parachute to those being rescued through a window. Each ring can simply be part of a frame that protects the propeller from collision with a wall (much like a room fan), or it can have a design that, along with protective functions, improves the aerodynamics of the jet and increases the lifting force (in the form of a short hollow cylinder and a funnel on top). The drone must also be equipped with a loudspeaker and microphones to provide hands-free communication. The carrying capacity of the drone must be such that it is possible to lift the parachute to the very top floor (which exists in a given city), and preferably higher, i.e. have some extra headroom.

The advantage of using a drone instead of a similar manned vehicle is that you only need to raise a parachute, which weighs several times less than the pilot. A heavy manned vehicle will throw down powerful jets, which could, in principle, help start a fire on the lower floors. But in some cases it will be necessary to bring up, in addition to parachutes, a rescuer with his own parachute. Therefore, the fire brigade should ideally also have a drone capable of lifting a person.

Parachutes can, in principle, be thrown into large windows using a special catapult, but getting into a window on a high floor is very difficult. This method has strong limitations on the number of floors and window sizes. In addition, wind will need to be taken into account. If you miss, the parachute will fall to the ground and be damaged. Unlike what is described, the rescue method using a firefighting drone is universal.

If the person being rescued has not previously trained to jump with a parachute during a fire, then he turns on the voice assistant on the parachute and follows its instructions, or reads and follows the instructions written on the backpack in large letters.

Instructions for the person being rescued (detailed instructions with comments are provided here, the actual instructions should be short but understandable). Remove the cover from the parachute pack while holding the cover handle. Put on the backpack and fasten the harness straps. Open the window. Climb onto the windowsill. Holding the walls or non-openable parts of the window with both hands, lean forward strongly. In the case of a strong crosswind along the wall, it is advisable to turn a little more relative to the vertical axis in the direction of the wind. Find the equilibrium position. Pull the pull ring and immediately return your hand so that it holds onto the wall or the part of the window that cannot be opened. The pneumatic lines will begin to quickly straighten, extending the canopy. At this moment, you need to hold tightly with both hands to the walls or non-opening parts of the window so as not to fall forward (since the center of gravity shifts forward, plus the wind begins to act on the pneumatic slings and the dome). When the pneumatic slings are fully opened (look up), you need to jump forward, pushing off with your feet from the window sill and your hands from the window. During the jump, you need to look at the parachute, not down. In flight, you need to group yourself, preparing to hit the ground: legs together, knees half bent, feet parallel to the ground, you cannot look down according to the rules for performing jumps. Experienced parachutists also take into account the direction of the wind when landing: they turn to face the oncoming ground and move their legs forward. The rules for a conventional parachute are written here, however, when using the proposed dorsal parachute, you must also take into account that the descent occurs in a half-bent position (legs shown by the dotted line in Fig. 7) and that it will most likely not be possible to control the parachute due to the relatively low height. When landing, the fall will most likely be forward and you need to keep your hands ready. If a player is installed on the parachute, then after the parachute opens, the second part of the voice instructions should be read, telling you how to jump and land correctly.

If the parachute does not work, you need to pull the second pull ring and then proceed as described above.

If the parachute does not work again, you need to remove the foot pump from the backpack, place it on the windowsill and pump air into the pneumatic slings with your foot, at least until the canopy completely comes out of the bucket. This will take some time. It is impossible to fully deploy the pneumatic slings using a foot pump, the main thing is that the canopy comes out. If you now jump, the pneumatic lines will completely unwind under the influence of the oncoming flow, provided there is a headroom. Side wind, if present, will also help to unwind the pneumatic lines. If there is no headroom, then before working with the pump, you must first use the hook (carabiner) 19 as written below, which will take some time.

If the foot pump does not work, but there is a headroom and it is possible to hook the hook (carabiner) 19 onto something (heating pipe, window sill, etc.), you can use the last possibility of rescue (like the “Chance” parachute). You'll have to take off your backpack. Put your hand into the hole formed by the rolls 7 from above (preferably without pushing the rolls) and take the hook (carabiner) 19 with your hand. Disconnect the hook (carabiner) 19 from the dome 10 (for example, a loop can be sewn to the dome, to which the carabiner is hooked) and pull hook (carabiner) up, pull out the traction rope and securely hook the hook (carabiner) 19 onto the heating pipe, window sill, etc. Put the backpack back on. Next, you need to jump forward as far as possible from the wall of the building. In this case, the parachute will open after the jump. The hook and the associated traction rope will pull out and turn the canopy inside out, spread and unwind the pneumatic lines, after which the break line will break under the weight of the person being rescued. An extended parachute will open like a regular parachute from the air flow coming from below.

If you need to jump with the proposed parachute from a helicopter or airplane in the described way, the carbine is attached to a cable or pipe inside the helicopter or airplane.

Unwinding pneumatic lines in this extreme case is reminiscent of pulling out the main canopy using a pilot chute, and then the lines wound on a reel in patent RU 2514006 C2. In the case of the proposed parachute, unwinding is somewhat resisted by track 6 of the sticky layer on each pneumatic line, and the coils themselves are located near the canopy, and not near the backpack.

If you have time, for greater reliability, in order to avoid the canopy turning out after the jump, before the jump you can remove the backpack, hook the hook (carbine) 19 to the battery pipe (etc.) as described earlier, then manually pull out the entire canopy 10 from bucket 1 and manually unscrew the canopy by hanging it out of the window. In this case, the pneumatic lines do not need to be unwound so that they do not get tangled and so that the canopy does not stick to the sticky layer. Next, put on the backpack and jump. After the jump, the pneumatic lines will unfold thanks to the traction rope, then the break line will break, and then the canopy will open from the oncoming air flow. The second option, which was mentioned earlier, is that the dome is not turned out by hand, but is pulled out using a foot pump. A fully extended dome does not require turning out.

When saving a person from a fire, in most cases you can do without using a parachute. The parachute can be slightly controlled by changing the position of the center of gravity using the legs and arms. If intensive control is required, all gas from the inflatable beams must be released using the release valve located on the hollow ring. This will take some (small) time and a corresponding loss of altitude. Next, you need to change the length of the deflated pneumatic slings by hand, i.e. pull closely spaced pneumatic slings towards you. The person being rescued will not be able to directly reach the rear pneumatic slings. Therefore, if you need to pull the rear slings, then special control belts must be attached to them at a short distance from the guide pipe sections, the second ends of which must be accessible to the hands of the person being rescued. The straps must not interfere with the deployment of pneumatic slings. A less effective method of controlling a parachute without releasing gas from the pneumatic lines is also possible, in which ropes are attached to the edge of the canopy between the rope loops 9, which the person being rescued can pull on. In the initial state, the ropes are laid in honeycombs installed on the device 12 for fastening the lid. There can be only one rope (in front).

When using a parachute according to clause 8 of the formula for a manual design of a flat design, the person being rescued puts on a belt to which the safety rope(s) are attached, removes the cover, places the parachute sideways on the windowsill, climbs onto the window, sits with his feet outside the window, sitting in this position carries the parachute sideways through the window to the outside, and holds it by the arms and legs. The parachute axis should be located at approximately 45° to the vertical. Before pressing the button or lever, you need to hold the parachute firmly from the outside and lean strongly back into the room, because When deployed, the center of gravity of the parachute will begin to quickly shift forward along its axis. Next, press the button or lever. The parachute will begin to open quickly. In this case, you need to lean further back into the room and hold the parachute tightly by the handles, preventing it from leaning forward. When the pneumatic lines are fully deployed, you need to quickly move your whole body, together with the parachute, leaning forward so as not to hit your head when falling, slide off the window sill and at the same time push off with your feet from the wall of the building and, under the influence of gravity, “dive” under the parachute. Next, you need to prepare to meet the ground, as described above. If the parachute according to claim 8 of the formula is made with rolls wrapped to the axis of the parachute, and with handles for the rescued person’s hands mounted on a hollow ring, and not on a bucket (Fig. 8), then when meeting the ground, the rescued person must use his hands to prevent a possible impact of the bucket on head (if a player is installed on the parachute, then after the parachute opens, the voice assistant should remind you of this, telling you how to land correctly). With a flat design, i.e. if the rolls are turned away from the parachute axis, this is less relevant, because the gap between the parachute and the head is almost equal to the length of the arms.

If you deploy the parachute according to paragraph 8 of the formula, squatting on the windowsill and holding the parachute lying sideways on the windowsill with your hands in front of you, then you do not need to slide off the windowsill, but there is a danger that the parachute will slip off or that it will lean too far forward. In addition, the fluctuations in flight after such a jump will be much greater than with the jump method described above, because there the person is already partially under the parachute, but here he is at the same level with it.

A very strong (and quite brave) person can simply stand on the window and, holding the parachute either in front of or above him (but the axis of the parachute should be approximately 45° to the vertical), press a button or lever. In this case, you need to monitor your balance, because... The center of gravity will shift forward when the parachute opens. After making sure that the parachute has fully opened, the person makes the jump.

Since the parachute is quite heavy, when deployed, you can hold it at waist level, standing on the windowsill, not forgetting the angle to the vertical, and after deployment, jump and “dive” under the parachute.

If the pyro-gas generators do not work, use a foot pump or/and a traction rope with a hook (carabiner) as described above, and you will have to jump from a standing position.

You can control such a parachute in flight by balancing, changing the position of the center of gravity using your legs and arms and the whole body (similar to controlling a hang glider). Unlike the dorsal version of the parachute, this position can be changed quite a lot, especially if the person is hanging mainly from the safety rope(s), and not from his hands.

On Channel 1, in the “Time” program dated February 12, 2021, a story was shown in which it was said that a police officer, together with the woman he was rescuing, had to jump from the 4th floor (!) from a burning apartment. The only thing that saved them from serious injuries was the fact that there was a snowdrift below. What if the fire happened in the summer? If that apartment had had the declared parachute, many problems could have been avoided.

Rescue from a multi-story building during an earthquake

Rescue from a multi-story building during an earthquake is complicated by strong tremors, which can cause you to drop your parachute from the window or prematurely fall out of the window along with the parachute. It is best to jump between pushes. This is where the ability of a parachute with pneumatic lines to open very quickly comes in handy. Immediately after opening the parachute, you need to jump as far as possible from the wall of the building, because a building can collapse in different ways, including falling on its side and debris falling from above. Therefore, it may be necessary to control the parachute as described above to fly as far away from the building as possible. The landing may already be on an uneven surface on which there are debris, bricks, etc. After landing, you need to free yourself from the parachute harness as quickly as possible and run away from the building if it has not yet collapsed.

In order not to end up (at best) under a multi-meter rubble, the parachute should be hung on the wall next to the window.

Ideally, in earthquake-prone areas, all apartments, starting from the second floor, should have parachutes hanging next to the windows. Since a parachute is expensive, children’s parachutes should at least hang 30-50 kg to save children, so that if necessary, they can save themselves. A child weighs, for example, half as much as an adult, so for him the size of the canopy of an adult parachute is excessive, and, in addition, it will be very difficult for him to use a heavy adult parachute. Due to the lower carrying capacity, a children's parachute will be smaller in size, lighter and will cost a little less. Children have a hypertrophied instinct of self-preservation, so jumping will be more scary for them. Apparently, children need to be explained that being under a multi-meter layer of rubble is even more scary and painful (and this is at best).

It is desirable that children's parachutes be sold practically at cost.

Prospects

If in the future, through the use of ultra-light, durable materials, it will be possible to increase the mass of a parachute according to claim 8 of the formula to 10 kg or less, then such a parachute will be most effective when rescuing from a multi-story building during an earthquake, fire and other extreme situations. This is due to the minimum time that needs to be spent for rescue and the extreme ease of use. You will need to remove the parachute from the wall and put on the safety harness that has the safety line(s) attached to it. Putting on and fastening a safety belt is much easier and faster than the harness of a dorsal parachute. Anyone can do this even without training. Next, you need to go to the window, open it, climb onto the windowsill with a parachute, lift it above you and press a button or lever. After the parachute is fully deployed, you can jump. All these actions can be done very quickly even without training, including during earthquakes. After landing, you can also remove the safety belt very quickly, faster than freeing yourself from the harness system of a dorsal parachute. This is important during an earthquake, when you need to get away from the building as quickly as possible.

The suspension system of parachutes used for fire and earthquake rescue must be designed not only for adults, but also for children, i.e. must be adjusted within a wide range in terms of height and physique (this is easiest to do for a parachute according to clause 8 of the formula). In addition, to rescue infants and small children with their mother on the same parachute, it is necessary to develop additional elements of the suspension system. The weight of the parachute should be minimal. The rate of descent is less than 5 m/s.

In the future, the average number of floors in cities and the number of high-rise buildings will continuously increase, because... it is convenient and cost-effective (but, however, problems arise during epidemics). In addition, many cities are located in seismically hazardous areas. Therefore, parachutes for saving people in case of fire and earthquake may have prospects, especially self-expanding ones. However, the psychological effect of low probability and other effects are at work here. Therefore, unfortunately, many more millions will die before such parachutes are sometimes used. Since self-deploying parachutes open fully before the jump and reduce fear, even if it is necessary to rescue from a very tall television tower or from a very tall skyscraper, employees would prefer self-deploying parachutes to regular ones. The cost of a parachute compared to the cost of an apartment is also of great importance.

With the help of the proposed parachute, you can, in principle, escape from a multi-story building in other dangerous situations: when the building is captured by terrorists, when a tsunami is approaching, when there is an “Air raid warning!” signal, during shelling, etc.

Use in transport

A serious obstacle to the use of the proposed parachute in transport is the bulkiness of the rigid backpack, especially when the pressure in the pneumatic slings is low. Therefore, to place a parachute, you need to allocate a lot of space inside the vehicle and install special chairs. However, below we will still consider the possible use of the proposed parachute in transport, because its use makes it possible to escape in almost any emergency situation, which is associated with a very fast forced deployment of the parachute. A solution to the problem may be to eject the entire passenger compartment equipped with the proposed parachute, and not each passenger individually. However, if there is only one pilot, you can use the inventive parachute and a special seat, or better yet, an ejection seat equipped with the inventive parachute.

Use on aircraft

Airplane gliding and helicopter autorotation are not possible in all types of accidents. For example, if the hydraulic system fails on both an airplane and a helicopter, a disaster is inevitable, because the aircraft becomes uncontrollable. There are many other accidents in which gliding or autorotation is not possible. Thus, passengers and crew always face the possibility of imminent death. Therefore, all aircraft must be equipped with rescue systems - collective and/or individual. The assertion of some designers that the design of the aircraft itself should save from death is a half-measure. An airplane or helicopter equipped with a collective and/or individual rescue system will, of course, have worse characteristics and a higher ticket price. But flight safety is higher, therefore, if such aircraft were produced, passengers would be found. However, for some reason the market does not work here.

Airplane rescue

The airplane is the main aircraft on Earth. A distinctive feature when rescuing from an airplane is its very high speed. A parachute with pneumatic lines, just like a regular parachute, has a speed limit at which the canopy opens with a permissible overload. Since a parachute with pneumatic lines opens very quickly, the maximum permissible speed is less than that of a conventional parachute. It can be increased by decreasing the pressure in the pneumatic system. To do this, it is possible to equip the parachute with two different pyro-gas generators. But modern airplanes fly too fast to directly use a parachute with pneumatic lines. It can be used directly only during takeoff and landing, when the speed is much less than cruising speed. Therefore, for use on an airplane, a universal parachute is required that can save both at high altitude at a very high speed, and at low or zero altitude at a relatively low speed (takeoff and landing), as well as when ejecting from an aircraft standing at the airfield with full tanks. This partly applies to helicopters. Parachutes according to clauses 10 and 9 of the formula are suitable as a universal parachute for rescuing a passenger cabin or an ejection seat. You can also use any parachutes with pneumatic slings on the back if you have a braking parachute placed, for example, in front of the parachutist instead of a reserve parachute (or together with it), which will have to be unfastened before opening the main parachute with pneumatic slings.

To ensure the ability to eject or jump at high altitudes and at high speeds, it is necessary to reduce the overload when opening the parachute. When using a parachute according to claim 10 of the formula to dampen high speed at high altitude and stabilize the fall, before opening the canopy of the main parachute with pneumatic lines, a braking parachute of a conventional design installed in the center of the upper surface of the cover is activated. When using a parachute according to claim 9 of the formula, the lid plays the role of a pilot chute: it pulls out and turns out the canopy of the main parachute with pneumatic lines, which in this case are not inflated, but simply unwind for some time due to the resistance of the sticky layer and limit the area of the canopy.

There are two ways to reduce the overload when deploying a parachute with pneumatic lines without using an auxiliary parachute of a conventional design. It is possible, as is assumed for a parachute according to claim 9 of the formula, using a pyro-gas generator to shoot off the cover, which, once in the air flow, with the help of a pull cable will pull out and turn out the canopy and unwind the rolls of pneumatic slings. In this case, the pneumatic lines are not inflated. The dome opens under the influence of the oncoming flow. Due to the resistance of the adhesive layer, pneumatic slings that are not fully untwisted limit the area of the canopy for some time and reduce the overload. The second way to reduce the overload when opening a parachute is to equip the parachute (according to any of the points in the formula) in addition to pyro-gas generators 11 for inflating pneumatic slings, also with about half as powerful pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings, one of which will only partially unwind the rolls in order to only fully extend dome, but will not inflate the inflatable beams to the end (the gas will run out). Then the oncoming flow will completely unwind the rolls. As in the first case, pneumatic slings that are not fully unwound limit the area of the canopy and reduce the overload.

An airplane crash on takeoff is the most dangerous because... fuel tanks are full. When rescuing from an airplane on takeoff or landing, the speed is less than the cruising speed, and the altitude is low or even zero, so a universal parachute with pneumatic lines opens immediately, forcibly, without the use of a braking parachute or cover. If the aircraft has the ability to eject, then the use of a parachute with pneumatic lines allows you to reduce the ejection altitude, including if it is necessary to eject while still on the ground (or already on the ground during landing) or at low altitude. This is due to the very fast deployment of the proposed parachute. At the same time, the overload during ejection is reduced, and the mass and size of the powder accelerators are reduced. If there is no ejection and it is necessary to leave the plane, which is still running on the ground (or already on the ground when landing) or the flight altitude is very low, then you need to jump with a parachute with pneumatic slings on the back so as to open the parachute at an angle to the vertical to create not only braking force, but also lifting force.

A parachute with pneumatic lines can also be used to rescue from ekranoplanes in much the same way as from airplanes during takeoff or landing.

Entire light aircraft rescue

Parachutes with pneumatic lines can be installed on light manned aircraft. Currently, light 2-5 seater aircraft are in operation, on which a conventional parachute is installed, saving the entire aircraft. There was a real case in Russia when such an aircraft tried to perform aerobatic maneuvers at low altitude and fell into a tailspin. Due to the low altitude, the parachute did not have time to open, the plane fell into the lake, and everyone on board died. If that plane had been equipped with a parachute with pneumatic lines, they would have survived, because... Such a parachute opens forcibly very quickly. The speed of light aircraft is low, so parachutes are suitable for them, for example, according to paragraph 9 (Figs. 9 and 10) or according to paragraph 3 (Figs. 3 and 4) of the formula, best with a recessed lid for opening the parachute in one stage. The cavity on the lid is easy to close and aerodynamics will not be affected.

Helicopter rescue

Rescue from helicopters, especially at low altitude, is complicated by the presence of a rotating rotor, which has high kinetic energy and throws down a powerful jet.

A good way to rescue the crew and passengers from a small helicopter is obtained by using the proposed parachute in the rescue system described in RU 187 446 U1 (FOKIN SAFE HELICOPTER), which ensures alternate movement of seats with people, first down under the helicopter, and then using powder accelerators sideways. In this case, there is no need for second powder accelerators, which ensure that when leaving a helicopter from a low altitude and falling to a height of 10 meters, it rises to a height of 50 meters with the subsequent firing of a conventional parachute. Accordingly, the problem of stabilizing the movement of a person with a chair when lifting disappears. The only problem that remains is to stabilize the movement of the chair with the person when it moves sideways, because Different people (passengers) can sit in the chair, so the center of gravity of the “chair-person” system will change position. This method of rescue has a limitation on the height at which the accident occurred, because... When moving sideways, chairs and people fall at the same time. To prevent them from falling, the mentioned lifting accelerators are needed and, accordingly, the problem arises of stabilizing the movement of a person with a chair during the simultaneous operation of two powder accelerators. For a few seconds, the chair with the person turns into an independent aircraft. It should also be taken into account that in the event of loss of control at low altitude at low or zero speed, the helicopter body may rotate and tilt. But if the problem of stabilization is solved, then salvation is possible even at a low altitude of several meters.

If a helicopter uses blade shooting in an emergency situation, then the inventive parachute can also be used. At the same time, due to the rapid forced deployment of a parachute with pneumatic lines, the required ejection height decreases, in this case upward. The height from which rescue is possible can be any, including zero.

When rescuing from a conventional helicopter using a parachute jump, the person being rescued must first jump and then open the parachute after exiting the jet thrown by the main rotor. Otherwise, this jet will nail the opening parachute to the ground. A favorable case is when the helicopter flies forward, and passengers and crew jump through the side and rear doors. Or when the pilot tilted the helicopter in one direction, and at the same time (or a little earlier) those being rescued jump in the opposite direction. In these cases, the advantage of a parachute with pneumatic lines compared to a conventional parachute is the possibility of rescue at a very low altitude, almost at low level flight. However, if control is lost at low altitude at low or zero speed, it is impossible to escape by jumping from a conventional helicopter due to the above-mentioned properties of the main rotor. In this case, the only hope left is the shock-absorbing devices of the helicopter.

Whole light helicopter rescue

Using the proposed parachute, you can save an entire light manned or unmanned helicopter. Parachutes according to clause 9 or 4 of the formula are suitable for this, as well as according to clause 3 of the formula, if the lid opens like a hatch to the side where there are no screws.

The use of autorotation on manned helicopters is not possible in all accidents, and if autorotation is possible, it requires composure and correct actions from the pilot, depending on a large number of factors, otherwise the rate of descent near the ground will be too high. Modern autopilots cannot land a helicopter in autorotation mode and replace the pilot in such a situation. For these reasons, using a parachute to rescue a small manned helicopter makes sense, and using a parachute with air lines can rescue such a helicopter even at very low altitudes.

On light manned helicopters the inventive parachute can be placed above the main rotor. At the same time, a rigid frame made of pneumatic slings will not allow the canopy to be pulled into the main rotor if the latter still creates thrust. If the blades shoot off, then a parachute with pneumatic lines can be placed, in principle, anywhere inside the fuselage (except for its lower part). However, if at least one of the blades does not shoot off, and the parachute is located inside the fuselage so that when deployed it intersects the main rotor cone, then death is inevitable.

To rescue quadcopters and any other helicopter-type drones with any number of propellers greater than two, a parachute with pneumatic lines is installed in the upper part of the central body of the device. Lightweight drones carrying shopping and mail, if equipped with effective parachute systems, could, in principle, be almost safe over the city. If, due to the large area of the parachute, the falling speed of the drone in the city is 1 m/s or less, plus the alarm and voice signal are turned on on it, warning about the fall of the drone, then those located below the permitted “air road” for drones (or near it in the presence of wind) ) can move away, run away, slow down. But, of course, the effectiveness of the drone will decrease due to the increase in its mass due to the parachute. However, without parachutes, you shouldn’t even dream that the authorities will allow the use of drones over cities, as shown in science fiction films (“Outpost”, “Better than People” - very convenient, especially in high-rise areas). Permission to use drones without parachutes can only be over city rivers and along the outskirts of the city, because only in this case the rights of residents will not be violated.

Simultaneously with the deployment of the parachute, the power supply to the drone's engines must be completely turned off, otherwise all the propellers will have to be covered with frames.

For the closest analogue (a parachute on a drone like a screw in a ring), you can replace the telescopically extendable rods with rolls of pneumatic slings located around the ring. This will reduce the weight of the parachute system, but the aerodynamics may deteriorate. Or you can use a parachute according to clause 9 or 4 or 3 of the formula.

Rescue from ground vehicles

The pilot of a racing car, with the help of the proposed parachute, can be saved in the event of loss of control of the car, in the event of driving off the road into a ditch, as well as in the event of an imminent collision. First, the pilot ejects from the cockpit, then, after the powder accelerators stop working, or a little later, near the top point of the trajectory, the proposed parachute opens. The ejection height is small, but sufficient to absorb the high horizontal speed, taking into account a possible tailwind. In principle, the second option is possible, when the pilot is pulled out of the seat by the parachute itself, because a high speed of movement is assumed, and a parachute with pneumatic lines opens very quickly. In this case, the car's cabin must be open, or the cabin roof must be dropped and shot off before the parachute is deployed.

To save passengers and the driver of an ordinary passenger car from the situations described above, as well as in the event of driving into the oncoming lane, it is better to eject the entire passenger compartment with a parachute installed on it according to paragraph 3 or 9 of the formula to a small height, followed by deployment of the parachute. Before the parachute opens, the lid is removed, or it is separated by unwinding pneumatic slings. At the moment of ejection of the cabin, there may be a tailwind, then the speed of the cabin relative to the air may be small or even zero (although the probability of this is small - for example, a wind of 10 m/s is only 36 km/h). Therefore, in such a rescue system, only a parachute with forced full deployment can be used. Initially, the proposed parachute was developed specifically for this task. In the case of a tailwind, when the cabin lands (landing on the side of the road is assumed), it may still have a high horizontal speed, but it is still much less than the oncoming speed when entering the oncoming lane.

Ejection and/or deployment of the parachute can be initiated either by the pilot or driver himself or by an automatic device, autopilot, if the pilot or driver has lost consciousness or fallen asleep at the wheel.

The problem of a driver falling asleep at the wheel is biometric and has a much cheaper solution using electronic devices, for example, special bracelets or watches. But accidents don't just happen because of falling asleep. In addition, it takes some time to wake up and then some more time to correct the situation, if it can still be corrected.

Bullet train designers may also consider ejecting some compartments (for example, those containing children) and then deploying parachutes with pneumatic lines.

Cargo parachute

Parachutes according to paragraphs. 1-3, 9 formulas can also be used as cargo parachutes for very low altitudes and zero or low speed when the aircraft cannot land. Such parachutes can also be used in case of a fire in a multi-story building or during an earthquake, etc. For rescuing valuable property (for example, a safe with secret materials), as well as for rescuing pets. The load along with the parachute is dropped and at the same time the parachute begins to open, or (if possible) the parachute opens first, then the load is dropped.

Use in sports, tourism, attractions

The parachute can be used in sports, because... it allows control in flight.

A parachute can be used in tourism for jumping from mountains, cliffs, tall trees, from buildings, from towers, from bridges, from balloons and airships. In some cases it may be necessary to control the parachute as described previously.

The parachute can be used in attractions for thrill-seekers. Despite the fact that the parachute is already fully deployed before the jump, fear, although no longer mortal, will be present, and there can be a lot of emotions during the jump. On the other hand, such an attraction can be considered as fire or earthquake rescue training. The parachute itself is expensive, but due to the possibility of its reusable use, the costs can be recouped. The advantage over a conventional parachute is the ability to first open the parachute and only then jump, possibly with some delay. Therefore, the attraction when using a parachute with pneumatic lines is much safer. For example, improper installation of the dome will not lead to death. For even greater safety, you can jump into the water. Inflatable beams have good buoyancy. The parachute can not be folded each time after use, but can be lifted up in an inflated form and used so many times that it reduces wear and tear and rental costs. But in such an attraction you always need to take into account the wind.

Use in training centers for fire departments or the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

As shown above, skydiving from a window is not such a simple undertaking. To reduce the number of errors, quickly complete the rescue algorithm and increase the probability of rescue, it is advisable to sometimes conduct rescue training from multi-storey buildings in the event of a fire, earthquake and other dangerous situations under the guidance of experienced instructors in specially equipped training centers of the fire department or the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

The training should begin from the first floor (fortunately, the proposed parachute allows you to jump from any non-zero height), while soft mats should be laid out under the window. Then it is advisable to conduct the training from the second floor, also with mats or a trampoline laid out below. At the request of workers or residents, in principle, training from higher floors is also possible. When conducting rescue training from lower floors, it is necessary to take into account the initial vibrations of the parachute, as well as the wind.

If training was carried out on rescuing from a burning building using a parachute, then the person being rescued will save a lot of time, because he doesn't need to read the instructions and won't make dangerous mistakes. This greatly increases the chances of salvation, because... In the event of a fire, the person being rescued may be exposed to high temperature, smoke and carbon monoxide.

Training in rescuing from a multi-story building using a parachute will also allow you to do everything correctly and quickly in the event of an earthquake in conditions where everything is shaking and everything is falling and crumbling from above. Parachute control training is also advisable here.

If self-expanding parachutes become widespread in the cities of the future, their design and methods of rescue with their help can be introduced into the school curriculum. Apparently, these will be interesting activities for children.

Use for high-altitude, steeplejack work, industrial mountaineering, mountaineering.

The inventive dorsal parachute of lightweight design can be used during high-altitude, steeplejack work, in industrial mountaineering, in mountaineering as additional insurance or instead of insurance. For example, a parachute can be used when welding reinforcement and other work on the upper floors of buildings under construction, when installing and repairing power lines, when installing air conditioners in multi-story buildings, when washing windows of skyscrapers, when placing advertisements on buildings, etc. Lightening the structure is achieved by reducing the canopy area with a corresponding increase in landing speed to 7 m/s (like reserve parachutes), as well as by using modern materials. The deployment of the parachute is carried out either by pulling out the exhaust ring or by a parachute machine. At a relatively low altitude, there will most likely not be enough time to pull the pins, so you can use, for example, a zero-gravity sensor that opens the parachute if weightlessness lasts more than 1 second (the first 5 meters of the fall).

Experiments

The deployment of pneumatic lines, the deployment of a canopy folded in a bucket, and the inversion of the canopy were first confirmed experimentally on simple models simulating the operation of individual elements of the proposed parachute, then a working parachute model was built and tested according to clause 14 of the formula without a bucket (Fig. 23-25).

Results of experiments with simple models

If there is no adhesive layer track on the inflatable beam, the roll unfolds incorrectly (the pneumatic sling inflates faster than it can unfold), so pneumatic slings without an adhesive layer track cannot be used to pull out and open the canopy.

When folding the dome, you must first bring the rope loops 9 to the center, and then fold the resulting parts of the dome protruding in the form of triangles several times (triangles of increasingly smaller sizes will be obtained). The forming domes connected to rope loops 9 and pneumatic slings will be inside, and all other parts of the folded dome will be outside. Next, the dome is folded in a zigzag and placed in bucket 1. The dome folded in this way opens correctly. If you first fold the sections of the dome free from the rope loops 9 to the center, and then fold the resulting triangles several times, then the forming domes connected to the rope loops 9 and to the pneumatic slings will be on the outside. A dome folded in this way does not open well.

The pulling and turning of the canopy using a traction rope was also experimentally tested on a simple model with a canopy made of ordinary non-slip fabric and short rope slings. Rope slings were attached to the outer surface of a glass bucket in the shape of a truncated cone. The folded dome had a small number of folds - only three folds. A large number of experiments were carried out. In some experiments, rope slings were attached rigidly to the bucket, in others they could be pulled out under increased load. Eversion is experimentally observed in any case. When correctly placed in a bucket, the dome comes out of the bucket in a lump, expands in all directions and falls apart due to the elasticity of the material and then turns out under the action of the traction rope and rope slings.

Correct placement of the dome in the bucket. The dome is folded towards the axis as indicated above, while the pulling rope must pass strictly along the axis. Next, the dome needs to be stretched along its axis. You should get a narrow “cone”. Next, this cone is folded in a zigzag while maintaining tension. The dome folded in this way is pressed symmetrically into the bucket with great force.

If the dome is folded and placed in the bucket correctly, then it turns out without much effort, even when a force is applied at an angle of 45° to the axis of the bucket. A stable repeatability of the positive result of the experiment is observed, including at an angle of 45°. During the eversion process, the load on different lines changes due to the unfolding of the folds of the canopy.

If the dome is folded incorrectly and placed in a bucket, then when the dome is pulled out with the help of a traction rope, it will not turn out completely under any force on the traction rope, i.e. “jams”, which is equivalent to the death of the person being rescued (when the burst line breaks, he will fall with an unopened parachute). In the best case, the canopy is completely turned inside out, but only with great force on the pull rope. In this case, the axis of the dome emerging from the bucket in the form of a lump is strongly inclined to the line of action of the pulling rope. If this slope is too large or increases all the time to the point of twisting, then jamming occurs. A special type of jamming (“spiral”, observed only once) can occur at the very beginning of the lump coming out of the bucket, while no tilt is observed.

On a real parachute, at the beginning of the pull, the canopy will touch the rolls and begin to unwind and push them apart. The dome will come out in a lump. Then the lump will fall apart and begin to turn out. Moreover, at the same time the canopy will be turned inside out and the pneumatic slings will unwind. Depending on the direction of the pull rope, different rolls may unwind differently. For easy turning, it is desirable that the dome is slippery, elastic, with a small number of folds.

Results of experiments with the current model

With sufficient pressure in the pneumatic system, the parachute model (Fig. 23-25) opens very quickly, almost instantly.

Working with a working parachute model showed that it is possible to fold and lay the canopy on the guide pipe sections “upside down” (like the canopy of the drogue parachute 23 in Fig. 11, 12), with the top of the canopy being on top. On a real parachute, you can lay the canopy in a bucket of a smaller height than with the usual installation method (the space under the rolls is used), and the shape of the bucket will also change. It’s so convenient and very quick to lay the dome, because... with this method of laying it does not need to be removed from the inflatable beams (it is problematic to lay the dome with both hands in the usual way without removing it from the inflatable beams). In addition, when the parachute is deployed using a ripple rope or traction cable, the canopy folded in this way will not be turned out, but simply straightened. However, for the practical use of this method of laying the dome, experimental studies are required, because it can be assumed that with a strong tilt of the parachute axis during deployment or with non-simultaneous deployment of pneumatic lines (at reduced pressure in the pneumatic system), the partially opened canopy may turn over and then it may become “jammed” or “entangled.” Inversion is possible due to the fact that the center of gravity of the canopy folded in this way is located above the points of application of forces from the hinges when the parachute axis is vertical. At the same time, with the usual method of stowing the canopy (shown in all the figures), even in the case of a strong tilt of the parachute axis during deployment, the bucket will not allow the folded canopy to turn over (the canopy is gradually pulled out of the bucket), and in the case of non-simultaneous deployment of pneumatic lines on the operating model at a reduced pressure the dome opens normally. If you find a way to prevent a canopy folded upside down from turning over (for example, using tearing tapes, another folding method, etc.), then you can do without turning the canopy in all the above-described cases of using parachutes according to paragraphs. 5-10 formulas that use a pull rope or pull rope.

Apparently, the maximum reliability of a parachute should be, after all, with the main deployment algorithm, and it is achieved with the usual method of stowing the canopy, and inversion is used if the main algorithm fails (except for parachutes according to clauses 9 and 10 of the formula).

Surely other ways of folding the dome and placing it in a bucket are possible, including those in which you can do without turning the dome inside out and at the same time the dome will not be able to turn over.

The track of adhesive layer 6 on a real parachute can be, for example, a strip of double-sided adhesive (French) tape, which sticks on one side more than the other. In the experiments carried out, ordinary French tape was used. Strong adhesion to the inflatable beam can be achieved simply by pressing firmly on the yellow smooth pad, which does not stick to the adhesive layer. You can also weaken the adhesion, for example, by running paper over the adhesive layer so that the roll can unfold when the inflatable beam is inflated.

Features of the design and its use

The adhesion strength of the track from the adhesive layer to the film of the inflatable beam or to the track with a counter layer must be such that, on the one hand, the correct unfolding of the roll is ensured when the canopy is pulled out, but on the other hand, it must allow the possibility of unfolding the rolls when using a pull rope or pull rope, and the ability to unroll the rolls when the dome is exposed to an incoming air flow. This can be achieved experimentally, but it is advisable to develop a theoretical model.

For parachutes with rolls of pneumatic slings, wrapped from the parachute axis (Fig. 2, 4, 10, 12), the sticky layer is always completely located on the opposite side of the inflatable beam in relation to the canopy (including the time of unfolding the roll) and the canopy cannot reach it stick. Therefore, such parachutes are as reliable as possible. They do not need to use an adhesive layer on each inflatable beam with a counter layer in the form of Velcro to eliminate the possibility of the dome sticking to the adhesive layer, which reduces the diameter and weight of the rolls 7. But the adhesive layer may have a limited service life.

The gas pressure in the pneumatic system should ensure the unrolling of the rolls from the pneumatic slings while simultaneously pulling the dome out of the bucket. The gas pressure in the deployed inflatable beams must be sufficient to form a rigid frame capable of resisting light winds and gravity when this frame and the dome are tilted relative to the vertical. This pressure required for rigidity depends very much on the diameter of the inflatable beams (inversely proportional to the diameter to the third power).

The least friction of the dome on the inner surface of the bucket when the parachute opens will be observed if the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the bucket in the form of a truncated hollow cone is equal to or greater than the angle of inclination of the guide section of the pipe to the common axis. However, it should be borne in mind that with a large angle of inclination of the bucket's generatrix to its axis, the folded dome will not be fixed inside the bucket due to friction, it will easily come out of it and will take up a large volume. To prevent this from happening, in this case the dome can be limited from above by cover 13 or rupture tapes. First of all, this applies to parachutes with rolls turned away from the axis. In designs with rolls wrapped towards an axis, shown in FIG. 1, 3, 6-9, 11, 14-16, 18-22 a tightly packed canopy is fixed inside the bucket due to friction on the inner surface of the bucket, which can also be done for parachutes with rolls turned away from the axis (but this will result in unused internal emptiness).

When designing dorsal parachutes (according to paragraphs 5-7 of the formula), it is desirable to avoid a sharp transition from the back wall of the bucket to the direction of the axis of the guide pipe section, so that there are no problems with pulling the canopy out of the bucket and, accordingly, so that reinforcement of the adhesive layer is not required. The latter is bad for deploying a parachute using a pull rope with a hook (carbine) or a pull rope. In other words, the fabric of the dome, when pulled out, should not suddenly change direction on the hollow ring; the transition should be smooth, which is ensured by the shape of the back wall of the bucket.

When designing parachutes with pneumatic lines, it is necessary to take into account the effect of inflated pneumatic lines on the drag coefficient of the parachute. On the one hand, they themselves have a large windage, but on the other hand, they aerodynamically shade the dome, especially its central part. Due to the large windage, pneumatic lines can quickly dampen parachute vibrations at the initial stage of flight.

Suboptimal design options

Instead of pyro-gas generators on a parachute with pneumatic slings, it is possible, in principle, to use cylinders with compressed gas, if the elongation of the inflatable beams, and, accordingly, the required pressure in them is not very large. Then each cylinder will require the installation of a pressure gauge and two taps or a tap and a valve. The pressure in the cylinders will need to be monitored periodically. This can, in principle, be done by the fire brigade for fire parachutes. But the mass of such a system will be much greater than when using pyro-gas generators, plus maintenance is required, as indicated above. The use of sealed liquefied carbon dioxide cylinders is also suitable. But the mass of such cylinders is also quite large. At the same time, the low mass of the parachute is of great importance in any case of its use. In addition, when using compressed or liquefied gas, at the time of filling the pneumatic slings, the gas temperature will be reduced, especially when using liquefied gas. You will need more cold gas than hot gas. After straightening the pneumatic slings, the gas in them will be heated by the surrounding air (at least in the summer) and the pressure in the pneumatic slings will increase. When using powder charges (and pyro-gas generators), everything will happen the other way around: the pressure in the pneumatic slings will decrease as the gas cools. It is logical to believe that the maximum pressure is still required at the moment of straightening the pneumatic lines, and after the jump the gas can be completely released from them so that you can control the parachute by changing their length with your hands. Therefore, in the inventive parachute, the use of pyro-gas generators and powder charges, rather than cylinders with compressed or liquefied gas, is best suited.

In principle, it is possible to use pneumatic slings in the form of inflatable beams without tape slings inside or with tape slings on the outside of the inflatable beams. In the first case, reliability decreases, because the inflatable beam is under pressure and under unfavorable circumstances can burst and rupture. In the second case, you cannot weld or glue the strap(s) from the outside to the inflatable beam, because then the inflatable beam, under the influence of internal pressure, will stretch unevenly, which will lead to curvature of the inflatable beam and stress concentration at the boundaries of the welding or gluing area. This may cause the pressurized inflatable beam to rupture. The claims outline the best option with a tape sling inside the inflatable beam.

Disadvantages and ways to compensate for them

The proposed parachute requires a rigid body (case, backpack), because it protects the pneumatic slings and the canopy from damage and displacement, ensures their fixation in their original state for subsequent reliable pulling and opening of the canopy. It is probably possible to build a parachute with pneumatic lines without any rigid elements at all, but for the reasons stated above it will be less reliable.

With a rigid body, the inventive parachute has rather large dimensions, especially with low pressure in the pneumatic slings. Hence the need to create special seats for rescue from vehicles using a dorsal parachute. However, when saving the entire passenger compartment of any vehicle or the entire aircraft, the entire inventive parachute can be hidden under the body or fuselage. The parachute can also be placed above the ejection seat, being part of it. When rescuing from a fire in a multi-story building or during an earthquake, the rigidity and bulkiness of the body does not matter much if the parachute fits through a standard open window. But when stored, parachutes will take up space indoors. Therefore, it is better to hang them in the corners of rooms closer to the ceiling. In earthquake-prone areas, it is best to hang the parachute near a window.

Unlike traditional parachutes, the person being rescued descends on a parachute with pneumatic slings on the back in a semi-bent position. However, a parachute allows you to save a person and temporary inconveniences (a few seconds) can be neglected, especially since this is compensated by a decrease in the fear of jumping compared to a conventional parachute.

Even when releasing gas from the pneumatic lines, a dorsal parachute has limited controllability, because It is impossible to reach the rear lines with your hands. This can be compensated for by attaching special control belts to the rear pneumatic slings at a short distance from the guide pipe sections, the second ends of which are placed so that they are accessible to the rescued person’s hands.

When performed manually (according to clause 8 of the formula), inconvenience arises due to the fact that before deployment, such a parachute would ideally be lifted and held in the hands above the head or at shoulder level, but it is quite heavy. At the same time, it is still impossible to hold onto the window with your hands, because hands are busy. Therefore, you will have to open such a parachute without raising it, as described above. Perhaps in the future ultra-light materials will appear that will significantly reduce the weight of the proposed parachute.

There may be a problem with the durability of the adhesive layer. It is necessary to periodically check its condition. If it has dried out and lost its stickiness, it needs to be replaced on all inflatable beams (apply a new one to it; maybe remove the old one first), which is quite a hassle. Without the sticky layer, pneumatic slings will not be able to deploy. It is possible, on the contrary, over time, the detachable connection with the adhesive layer will become too strong (one-piece) and the rolls of pneumatic slings will not be able to unfold; the film of the inflatable beams may even tear when inflating them. Such a sticky layer is not suitable for use, or it must be changed at certain intervals, strictly observing technical regulations. When using an adhesive layer with a return layer in the form of Velcro, like on shoes or clothing, this problem disappears, but the size of the rolls and the weight of the pneumatic slings increase. The solution may be to improve Velcro, i.e. in reducing the size of the engaging elements. Or in improving the composition of the sticky layer, allowing it to maintain stickiness for a long time.

The very low probability of the canopy sticking to the sticky layer (roll 7 unwinds very quickly and pulls the canopy 10 along with it at a distance of the length of loops 9) is further reduced in designs with rolls wrapped away from the parachute axis (the sticky layer is always on the opposite side of the inflatable beams). When using an adhesive layer with a response layer in the form of Velcro, the problem is completely solved. The problem would also be solved by using materials for the dome and hinges that do not adhere to the adhesive layer (like the yellow smooth French tape pad), but while maintaining the properties required for the dome and hinges.

If the cover 13 is not removed manually in advance, as when rescuing from a multi-story building from a fire, but is fired off, then the parachute opens not in one stage, but in two, which reduces the reliability of operation. The pressure created by the pyro-gas generators 15 to shoot off the lid is evenly distributed over the inner surface of the lid, and this pressure can be large and will reliably knock out the lid. But there are two stages of parachute opening. If the pie-gas generator 15 does not work to shoot off the cover, then there is a second backup, but time is lost, which is especially bad when falling, when the height decreases. If there is an annular (or simply closed) depression on the lower surface of the cover 13, repeating the shape of the upper part of the device 12 for fastening the cover (i.e., the cover 13 is recessed into the device 12 for fastening the cover), the parachute can open in one stage, because . In this case, the cover 13 can be squeezed out by unfolding pneumatic slings (if there is no such depression, but there is only a side 14 of the cover 13, then it is problematic to squeeze out the cover this way). But if the lid somehow jams during such a one-stage deployment, the parachute will not open. Therefore, the lid 13 and the lid fastening device 12 must be precisely manufactured, which is also required to ensure tightness. In addition, for squeezing out the cover 13 with deployable pneumatic slings, it would be desirable to have a hole in the device 12 for fastening the cover to allow air to enter from the outside into the internal space of the parachute at the time of squeezing out the cover. But the presence of such a hole violates the tightness. If an inlet valve is placed in this hole, water, etc., may enter the housing. The aircraft may have a release valve to prevent the cap from being blown out when the ambient air pressure decreases at altitude.

If in the initial state the pneumatic slings are damaged or the tightness of the connections in the pneumatic system is broken, then it may be difficult or even impossible to deploy the pneumatic slings (which is why a rigid casing is needed). If the pneumatic lines are damaged or the tightness of the connections is broken during the flight, nothing bad will happen, because the proposed parachute will turn into a regular parachute. If there is insufficient pressure during deployment of the pneumatic slings due to a gas leak, a spare pyro-gas generator(s) can be used. The main thing is to at least partially deploy the pneumatic slings and pull the canopy out of the bucket (if there is a headroom, the pneumatic slings will fully deploy after the jump under the influence of the flow flowing onto the canopy or under the influence of the pulling rope). In the most extreme case, when deployment of pneumatic lines by gas pressure is completely impossible, dorsal parachutes use a traction rope with a hook (carabiner) 19.

Advantages

A parachute is a device that separates life from death (“the parachute has opened, which means I will live”). The proposed parachute is fully deployed before the jump, and not after it, which somewhat reduces the severity of this issue. The fact is that jumping with a conventional parachute (most analogues, prototype) when rescuing from a building during a fire or earthquake is actually a cynical experiment: will it open or not. Moreover, if it does not open up, then nothing can be done, because... There is not enough altitude for a reserve parachute. Hence the mortal fear of jumping. And the proposed parachute is fully deployed before the jump, but if for some reason it does not open, then this does not mean the death of the person being rescued, it only means that the rescue algorithm needs to be changed using the same parachute.

If the proposed parachute opens normally, then a jump with it resembles a hang glider flight. The person being rescued sees that the parachute has already been opened, so the fear during the jump (especially on the first jump) is much less.

Since the parachute separates life from death, the proposed parachute for the back and hand version has triple redundancy: 1) a second pyro-gas generator for inflating pneumatic slings (maybe a third, etc.), 2) a foot pump, 3) a traction rope with a hook (carbine) at the end. This ensures a high probability of rescue.

With the help of the proposed parachute, you can jump from any height other than zero due to the fact that the parachute is already opened before the jump. This allows you to save people in case of fire or earthquake starting from the 2nd floor, and conduct training starting from the first floor.

Due to the rigidity of the pneumatic lines, the opened parachute does not fall. Therefore, in case of calm, the delay between the full opening of the parachute and the jump can be long and will not affect safety. With sufficient pressure in the pneumatic lines, an open parachute can resist even weak winds, allowing the jump to be delayed in this case as well.

As experiments with inflatable beams and with a working model have shown, a parachute with pneumatic lines can open very quickly. Therefore, it can be used to rescue from a building during an earthquake, as well as to rescue the ejected passenger compartment of a passenger car and the ejected passenger compartment or flight deck of any aircraft.

In case of an earthquake, the proposed parachute, especially a manual one, will help to quickly escape from a building before it collapses.

When rescuing an ejected passenger compartment of a passenger car, the inventive parachute will quickly open forcibly in any wind direction, including a tailwind. Therefore, there is no need for a high ejection altitude.

The inventive parachute makes it possible to rescue people from aircraft at any altitude, including zero altitude during takeoff or landing. If the aircraft uses ejection, including while parked at an airfield, the ejection altitude can be reduced by quickly forcing the parachute to open. This reduces the overload, as well as the size and weight of the powder accelerators.

The property of a parachute with pneumatic lines to open very quickly can also be used for high-altitude, steeplejack work, in industrial mountaineering, in mountaineering as an additional insurance or instead of insurance. In this case, a fast-acting parachute automatic device, for example, a zero-gravity sensor, must be installed on the parachute.

Inflated pneumatic slings form a rigid frame. The rigidity of the frame made of pneumatic slings is ensured, among other things, at the moment of their straightening: firstly, inflation occurs very quickly, and secondly, the gas pressure at this moment is maximum. This prevents the canopy folding phenomenon that can occur with a conventional parachute when it deploys as a result of encountering turbulence and strong gusts of wind. The rigid frame also provides some resistance to the wind of an open parachute. In principle, a very rigid frame could allow for an increase in the area of the dome filled with air during descent.

Pneumatic slings, unlike conventional ones, have a large windage, so the vibrations of a parachute with pneumatic slings at the beginning of the flight will die out faster than that of a conventional parachute at the same opening angle to the vertical, which is especially important when jumping from a low altitude.

Unlike the opening of a conventional parachute, the inventive parachute simultaneously straightens the pneumatic lines and the canopy opens. That is, the deployment system of the proposed parachute is extremely simple; when the cover is removed, the parachute opens in just one step, which increases the reliability of the system. At the same time, the possibility of tangling and twisting of the lines (due to their absence) and folding of the canopy (forced opening) also disappears. The deployment of a conventional parachute occurs in two stages: first, the canopy and lines are extended (or fired), then the canopy is naturally or forcibly inflated. Moreover, removing the canopy and lines may take longer than the natural filling of the canopy with air. In addition, there is a possibility of the lines getting tangled and twisted, and the canopy folding.

A parachute with pneumatic lines can have the same canopy diameter and the same canopy concavity (radius of curvature) as a conventional parachute, and the length of the pneumatic lines (including the length of the loops) is equal to the length of the conventional lines of a conventional parachute. Then, with the same payload, the rate of descent remains the same as that of a conventional parachute and damage to the pneumatic lines in flight is not dangerous, because a parachute with pneumatic lines will simply turn into a regular parachute (if the tape lines are intact). Therefore, it is also possible to deliberately bleed gas from the pneumatic system in flight for subsequent control of the parachute. Damage to the pneumatic lines before the jump also does not mean the death of the person being rescued, as mentioned above.

Advantages compared to the prototype

Unlike the prototype, which takes quite a long time to inflate, the pneumatic lines of the proposed parachute unfold from the rolls very quickly, pulling the canopy along with them. Therefore, a parachute with pneumatic slings can be used to rescue from a building during an earthquake, and in case of a fire, rapid evacuation with its help will reduce the impact of high temperature, smoke and carbon monoxide on the person being rescued.

When inflated, the inventive parachute does not press against the wall around the window and does not cover the nearest windows, like the prototype, so it is protected from fire that may occur in adjacent windows.

Unlike the prototype, the initial position of the axis of the inventive parachute at an angle of approximately 45° to the vertical reduces the loss of altitude due to rotation to the normal parachute position and the calming of vibrations.

Unlike the prototype, which is a rather complex inflatable structure that is difficult to manufacture, the pneumatic lines of the proposed parachute are manufactured very simply and quickly - to manufacture each cylindrical inflatable beam, you need to weld a folded or double film along only two or three straight seams, which is done with using an impulse sealer in seconds.

Increased reliability of parachute deployment and probability of rescue (reliability of use). If the pneumatic lines are damaged before use or during flight, the inventive parachute can be used as a regular parachute, because the person is attached to the backpack with his feet down or hangs from his arms with his feet down, while at the same time in the prototype the person is positioned with his back down. Unlike the prototype, the person being rescued can make sure that the parachute is fully deployed before the jump, while in the prototype, full deployment occurs after separation from the wall. Moreover, if the declared parachute did not open before the jump, this does not mean the death of the person being rescued, because you can use a spare pyro-gas generator, a pump, or, as a last resort, use the inventive parachute as a regular parachute, deployed using a pull rope with a carabiner (hook) at the end.

Conclusion

Thus, a self-deploying parachute with pneumatic lines can be forced to deploy very quickly, fully deploys before the jump, allows for a delayed jump, and can be converted into a regular parachute. All this makes it possible to save people and cargo at altitudes from zero to the upper boundary of the atmosphere at a speed from zero to a speed determined by the maximum permissible overload during deployment. The limit for the use of a parachute in terms of flight speed in the presence of a headroom can be increased by sequentially deploying braking parachutes of a conventional design before deploying the main parachute with pneumatic lines.

Claims (21)

1. A parachute containing a canopy, pneumatic lines and a pyro-gas generator(s), characterized in that each pneumatic line is made in the form of a cylindrical or conical i.e. in the shape of a truncated cone of an inflatable beam with a ribbon sling located inside it; the width of each belt sling does not exceed the minimum internal diameter of its inflatable beam when inflated; the lower ends of the inflatable beams are hermetically placed on the guide sections of the pipes of the gas distribution device, the lower ends of the tape slings are attached to the guide sections of the pipes above, or the lower ends of the tape slings are attached to rods installed inside the guide sections of the pipes along their diameters; the upper ends of the tape slings extend from the upper ends of the inflatable beams without violating the tightness of the latter; the upper ends of the tape slings and then the inflatable beams are attached to the outer cylindrical surfaces of the coils with neck-shaped ends and smooth inner and side surfaces; in the initial state, inflatable beams with tape slings inside are entirely wound on these reels, i.e. to the guide pipe sections; inflatable beams with tape slings inside and with coils at the ends are connected to the dome through rope loops attached at both ends to the dome and threaded through the coils; each inflatable beam on the side opposite the axis of the opened parachute has a longitudinal track made of an adhesive layer, which is glued to the film of this inflatable beam on its diametrically opposite side for fixing the rolled up inflatable beam in a roll on a reel, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the inflatable beam; the gas distribution device is made in the form of a rigid hollow ring, in the upper part of which guide sections of pipes are installed, evenly distributed along it and directed at an angle to its axis equal to or greater than the angle of the inflatable beams and ribbon slings with the vertical when the parachute is lowered with the inflatable beams deflated; the internal volume of the hollow ring is pneumatically connected to the internal volumes of the inflatable beams through guide pipe sections; on the branches of the hollow ring tangential to its internal axis, pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings are installed with the possibility of replacement; the internal volumes of pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings contain pyroelectric charges and are connected to the internal volume of the hollow ring through bends of the hollow ring; an overpressure release valve and a release valve are also installed on the hollow ring with the possibility of manually bleeding gas from the hollow ring and inflatable beams; a hollow ring is installed on the outside of a rigid bucket in the shape of a hollow truncated cone or in the shape of a hollow truncated tetrahedral or polyhedral pyramid with clearly defined or rounded edges so that the axis of the hollow ring coincides with the axis of the bucket; the bucket may have a neck, or the neck may be formed by the outer surface of an opening in the hollow ring; the inner surface of the bucket is smooth; the dome is folded and placed inside the bucket; on pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings, spark plugs of the electric ignition system of pyro-charges and/or spring impact mechanisms and capsules are installed; the spring of each spring impact mechanism in the initial state is compressed and, together with the striker, is fixed by a pin connected by means of a pull ring cable passing inside the flexible hose to the pull ring; a suspension system is installed on the bucket and/or hollow ring for attaching a person or a device for attaching a rescue capsule or cargo or a device for attaching a parachute inside a rescue capsule. 2. The parachute according to claim 1, characterized in that each inflatable beam has a track with a mating layer on the side diametrically opposite to the track made from the sticky layer, which is glued to the track made from the sticky layer when the inflatable beam is rolled up, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating an inflatable beam; in this case, the tracks from the sticky and reciprocal layers can be made, like Velcro, from a material with jagged bristles or with flexible hooks on one side of the inflatable beam and fabric having a pile of thread loops on the diametrically opposite side of the inflatable beam; or like Velcro, consisting of small flexible hooks that are identical on both tapes, but with tips directed in opposite directions on each tape, that hook into each other when connecting the tapes. 3. The parachute according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a device for fastening the lid is installed on the hollow ring and/or on the bucket, covering the sides partially or completely, but with the possibility of unfolding the rolls, the side surfaces of the rolls or as the side surfaces of the rolls, and their ends, the upper part of the device for fastening the lid has a neck that passes into the outer side vertical closed surface - the side wall, in contact with the inner side vertical closed surface - the side wall of the lid - for a sealed detachable connection with the lid; a cover is installed on top of the device for fastening the cover, covering the rolls of inflatable beams and the dome, and the cover is installed with the possibility of its shooting using pyro-gas generators for shooting the cover installed on the device for fastening the cover with the possibility of their replacement, and/or the cover is installed with the possibility of easy and its quick removal from the device for fastening the cover manually and/or with the possibility of its easy detachment by unfolding inflatable beams and/or with the possibility of opening it as a hatch. 4. The parachute according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the hollow ring or on the bucket or on an additional surface located under the rolls and installed on the hollow ring and/or on the bucket, rigid valves of the cover are hinged evenly on all sides, touching sides of each other and converging from above on the axis of a hollow ring, covering rolls of pneumatic slings, and the valves of the cover are installed with the possibility of opening them like the petals of a flower. 5. The parachute according to claim 3, characterized in that on the bucket or on the hollow ring and the bucket or on the device for fastening the lid and the bucket, a suspension system is installed for attaching the person being rescued with his back to the bucket, on the main strap of which with the help of pull ring cables passing inside the flexible hoses, there are exhaust rings; the wall of the bucket from the back repeats its bend, and on the opposite side the wall of the bucket smoothly bends from the hollow ring to the bottom of the bucket; the geometric dimensions of the backpack and the suspension system are selected so that the axis of the hollow ring passes through the center of gravity of a rescued person of average height with a backpack on when descending by parachute; a hose with a foot pump at the end is attached to the hollow ring to pump air into the hollow ring in case the pyro-gas generators for inflating pneumatic slings do not operate; the foot pump and hose are attached to the bucket and/or lid attachment for easy and quick detachment; a traction rope is attached to the top of the open dome on its upper side, connected at the other end through a break sling with a carabiner or hook; in the initial state, the traction rope with the breaking sling is laid entirely in the folded dome, and the carabiner or hook is located on top of the folded dome, to which it is attached with the possibility of easy detachment; instructions for using a parachute are written on the backpack, and on the lid there is an inscription about the need to remove the lid before use, and/or a player is installed on the backpack that reads aloud pre-recorded instructions for using a parachute; each pin has a hole for a safety pin, while arms can be installed on the spring impact mechanism above and below the pin, or each pull ring cable has an attachment with a hole for a safety pin; in the latter case, each flexible hose is equipped with a safety ring with two diametrically located holes for the safety pin, which is secured to a stand mounted on the hollow ring or on its outlet to the pyro-gas generator or on a device for fastening the lid or on a bucket; safety cables are attached to the cover, passing inside safety tubes installed on the device for fastening the cover, the second ends of the safety cables are attached to safety pins, each safety pin is initially inserted into the hole in the pin and into the arms on the spring impact mechanism, if any, or inserted into the hole in the pull-ring cable attachment and into the holes in the safety ring. 6. The parachute according to claim 5, characterized in that the axis of the hollow ring does not coincide with the axis of symmetry of the open descending parachute, and the length of the pneumatic lines on the human side or on the opposite side is so much longer, and the guide pipe sections are directed so that the axis of symmetry of the open descending parachute The parachute passes through the center of gravity of a person of average height being rescued with a backpack on. 7. A parachute according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the device for fastening the cover and the cover have depressions for the head and neck of the person being rescued, located between two adjacent rolls of pneumatic slings; the surface of the recess on the lid fastening device and the recess on the lid may be covered with a soft layer. 8. The parachute according to claim 5, characterized in that it has handles for the rescued person’s hands mounted on a bucket made according to claim 1, or on a hollow ring or on a device for fastening the cover of the handle and buttons for the electric ignition system of pyro-gas generators located on them or next to them for inflating pneumatic lines, or levers or buttons, pressing one or one of which pulls the pin of one of the spring impact mechanisms; The suspension system is made in the form of a safety cable(s) with a belt. 9. The parachute according to claim 3, characterized in that it additionally contains, attached to the top of the canopy folded in a bucket, on the upper side for the open canopy, an exhaust cable connected at the second end through a carabiner to an arc installed in the center of the lower surface of the lid. 10. The parachute according to claim 9, characterized in that it additionally contains a brake parachute installed in the center of the upper surface of the cover. 11. The parachute according to claim 3, characterized in that the hollow ring is installed at the bottom of the bucket or under the bucket; the guide pipe sections along their entire length, except for the areas where pneumatic slings are attached to them, are attached to the device for fastening the cover through stiffening ribs; the bucket is made according to claim 1 and is located in the space between the guide pipe sections inside the device for fastening the lid and is attached to the guide pipe sections directly or through stiffening ribs; The guide pipe sections are made straight along their entire length or straight in the lower and middle parts and changing their direction in the upper part to an angle with the axis of the opened parachute, as in paragraph 1. 12. The parachute according to claim 11, characterized in that the gas distribution device is made in the form of a sphere to which guide pipe sections are attached or in the form of a splitter unit for diverging guide pipe sections, while a pyro-gas generator(s) for inflating pneumatic slings is installed with the possibility of replacement on said sphere or said splitter node; an overpressure release valve and a release valve are replaceably mounted on said sphere or said splitter assembly; the guide pipe sections are made rectilinear and the bucket is made of a conical or pyramidal shape without a bottom or the specified shape with a neck on top or in the form of a surface of rotation with a curved generatrix forming a tip at the bottom and a neck at the top, or in the form of a pyramid with curved ribs inscribed in the specified surface rotation; or the guide pipe sections are made to go around the bucket made according to clause 11. 13. The parachute according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollow ring is installed at the bottom of the bucket or under the bucket; the bucket is located in the space between the guide pipe sections and is attached to the guide pipe sections directly or through stiffening ribs; The guide pipe sections are made straight along their entire length or straight in the lower and middle parts and changing their direction in the upper part to an angle with the axis of the opened parachute, as in paragraph 1. 14. The parachute according to claim 13, characterized in that the gas distribution device is made in the form of a sphere to which guide pipe sections are attached or in the form of a splitter unit for diverging guide pipe sections, while a pyro-gas generator(s) for inflating pneumatic slings is installed with the possibility of replacement on said sphere or said splitter node; an overpressure release valve and a release valve are replaceably mounted on said sphere or said splitter assembly; the guide pipe sections are made straight and the bucket is made of a conical or pyramidal shape without a bottom or the specified shape with a neck on top or in the form of a surface of rotation with a curved generatrix forming a tip at the bottom and a neck at the top or in the form of a pyramid with curved ribs inscribed in the specified surface of rotation ; or the guide pipe sections are made to go around the bucket made according to clause 13. 15. The parachute according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that on the top of the bucket there is a device for attaching the lid according to claim 3, in the lower part of which there are holes for guide pipe sections, and on which the lid is installed according to claim 3. 16. Parachute according to any one of paragraphs. 1-15, characterized in that each guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the inflatable beam. 17. Parachute according to any one of paragraphs. 1-15, characterized in that each pneumatic sling contains inside its inflatable beam an internal inflatable beam of increased rigidity, consisting of cylindrical or conical inflatable beams of smaller diameter, forming a pipe, the internal volume of which is also under pressure; a ribbon sling is located in the internal volume of the internal inflatable beam of increased rigidity; an internal inflatable beam of increased rigidity when inflated divides the internal volume of the inflated pneumatic sling into longitudinal compartments, which in cross section have the form of circles forming a regular polygon, an asterisk located between them - the central compartment - and a ring located outside them with round internal cutouts - the outer compartment ; each guide section of the pipe is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with the cross sections of the corresponding sections of the pneumatic sling; each section of the pneumatic sling is attached to the corresponding section of the guide pipe section to form a sealed connection; each section of the guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the pneumatic sling compartment; the lower part of each tape sling is attached to the bottom of the central section of the corresponding guide pipe section or to a rod installed inside the corresponding guide pipe section along its diameter; the top portions of each webbing sling, each internal high-stiffness inflatable beam, and each pneumatic sling inflatable beam are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding spool. 18. Parachute according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 3-15, characterized in that each pneumatic sling consists of a composite inflatable beam and a tape sling located inside it; a composite inflatable beam is glued/welded from cylindrical inflatable beams of the same length and diameter so that when inflated it consists of longitudinal compartments, which in cross section have the form of truncated sectors located around a circle, and a central compartment located inside them in the shape of a regular polygon, in in which the tape sling is located; each guide section of the pipe is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with the cross sections of the corresponding sections of the composite inflatable beam; each section of the composite inflatable beam is attached to the corresponding section of the guide pipe section to form a sealed connection; each section of the guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the section of the composite inflatable beam; the lower part of each tape sling is attached to the bottom of the central section of the corresponding guide pipe section or to a rod installed inside the corresponding guide pipe section along its diameter; the upper part of each belt sling and the upper part of each composite inflatable beam are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding reel; Each composite inflatable beam on the side opposite the axis of the opened parachute has a longitudinal track of an adhesive layer, which is glued to this composite inflatable beam on its diametrically opposite side for fixing the rolled pneumatic line in a roll on a reel, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam. 19. The parachute according to claim 18, characterized in that each composite inflatable beam has a track with a mating layer on the side diametrically opposite to the track of the adhesive layer, which is glued to the track of the adhesive layer when the pneumatic line is rolled up, but with the ability to unfold roll when inflating a composite inflatable beam; in this case, the tracks from the sticky and reciprocal layers can be made like Velcro according to paragraph 2. 20. Parachute according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 3-15, characterized in that each pneumatic sling consists of a tubular sling in the form of a cylindrical flexible but strong shell and a composite inflatable beam located inside it; a composite inflatable beam is glued/welded from cylindrical inflatable beams of the same length so that when inflated it consists of longitudinal sections, which in cross section have the form of sectors or truncated sectors and triangles or truncated sectors, trapezoids and triangles; each guide section of the pipe is internally divided into longitudinal sections, the cross sections of which coincide with the cross sections of the corresponding sections of the composite inflatable beam; each section of the composite inflatable beam is attached to the corresponding section of the guide pipe section to form a sealed connection; each section of the guide pipe section has an inlet valve, an overpressure outlet valve and an outlet valve for bleeding gas from the section of the composite inflatable beam; the lower part of each tubular sling is attached to the outer surface of the corresponding guide pipe section; the upper part of each tubular sling and the upper part of each composite inflatable beam are attached to the outer cylindrical surface of the corresponding coil; Each tubular sling on the side opposite the axis of the opened parachute has a longitudinal track of an adhesive layer, which is glued to this tubular sling on its diametrically opposite side to fix the rolled pneumatic sling in a roll on a reel, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating the composite inflatable beam. 21. The parachute according to claim 20, characterized in that each tubular sling has a track with a mating layer on the side diametrically opposite to the track of the adhesive layer, which is glued to the track of the sticky layer when the pneumatic sling is rolled up, but with the possibility of unrolling the roll when inflating a composite inflatable beam; in this case, the tracks from the sticky and reciprocal layers can be made like Velcro according to paragraph 2.