RU2812325C2 - Device for perforation of well and perforation tool for perforation of well (embodiments) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas production.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions is related to the field of well perforation during oil and gas production. A device for perforating a well contains a housing, a plurality of frames that are located inside the housing, each frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis, and a plurality of sleeves, and each sleeve has an axis running perpendicular to the central axis, and the axes of the sleeves of each frame are located in a plane perpendicular to the central axis , and the frames are configured to be stacked in an axial direction, an electrical conductor located along the central passage of each frame, a plurality of shaped charges fixed in the sleeves of the frames, a partition-shaped element located in the housing and forming a seal with the housing, and an initiator module located in housing, wherein the partition-shaped element is located between the initiator module and the plurality of frames.

EFFECT: safe transportation and greater flexibility during operation of the downhole hammer drill are ensured.

26 cl, 11 dwg

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims benefit from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/848856, filed May 16, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/011082, filed April 16, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein via link.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES

[0002] Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the process of perforating a well in oil and gas production. More specifically, embodiments of a modular punching tool are described herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE ART

[0003] Oil wells are holes drilled into the earth, with some drilling being done underwater. The boreholes may extend into the earth in a substantially vertical direction, or may extend at an angle to the vertical or even horizontally. A well provides a channel through which oil and gas, or virtually any other fluid resource, exits a geological formation into the wellbore and then rises to the surface. The wellbore is typically lined with support material to keep the flow path open as fluid flows through the channel. The support material may be pipe, concrete support, or other support structure. The flow of oil and gas passes through thin crevices, cracks and capillary channels in a geological formation under the influence of pressure differences between the formation and the wellbore. As fluids move through the formation, the fluid flow can entrain solids that can plug cracks and crevices, thereby reducing fluid production from the formation. As fluids are produced from the formation, the pressure within can decrease, reducing the pressure drop causing the fluid to flow.

[0004] In some cases, flow from a geological formation can be enhanced by forming channels extending from the wellbore wall into the formation. These channels are openings that extend from the wall of the well into the formation and provide an open passage that is substantially impervious to plugging by solids and allows oil and gas to flow freely into the well from the formation. These channels are typically formed by lowering a perforating tool into the borehole to detonate explosive charges shaped so that the force of the explosion is propagated in a desired pattern toward the borehole wall and typically through the borehole casing and/or support. The focused force of the explosion destroys and removes an area of geological formation, rock or other geological structure at the borehole wall and some radial distance from the borehole wall into the formation, which in some cases is up to 60 inches, to form a channel. In most cases, more than one such channel is formed in the well wall with different azimuths and at different depths, which is determined by the production needs of a particular well.

[0005] A perforating tool, sometimes referred to as a downhole hammer, is a complex tool that applies an initiating pulse to one or more explosive charges, which the downhole hammer positions to direct the explosion from the shaped charge in the desired direction (see, for example, the patent USA 4,191,265, E21B 43/117, 03/04/1980). The explosive charges are positioned and held in position in the cage, and the ignition circuit is electrically connected to the shaped charges. The transport of such assemblies is strictly regulated by law throughout the world due to the possibility of explosion. In most cases, the trigger subassemblies must be transported separately from the explosive subassembly, with the instrument assembled in the field. Such restrictions make it difficult to deliver perforating tools to drilling sites. In addition, fixing shaped charges in the desired position inside the borehole hammer is associated with certain difficulties. Typically, shaped charges must be placed at specific locations within the drill, which limits the use of explosives. In the technical field, there is a need to create a downhole hammer drill that is transportable and more flexible during operation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The embodiments described herein provide an apparatus comprising: a housing; a plurality of frames that are located inside the housing, each frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis and a plurality of sleeves, and each sleeve has an axis running perpendicular to the central axis, wherein the axes of the sleeves of each frame are located in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, and the frames are made with possibility of stacking in the axial direction; an electrical conductor located along the central passage of each frame; many shaped charges fixed in frame sleeves; a partition-shaped element located in the housing and forming a seal with the housing; and an initiator module located in the housing, with a partition-shaped member located between the initiator module and the plurality of frames.

[0007] Other embodiments described herein provide a perforation tool comprising a cylindrical body having a plurality of perforation grooves formed therein; a plurality of charging frames that are disposed within the housing, each charging frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis, and a plurality of cartridge cases disposed adjacent one of the perforation grooves, and each cartridge having an axis extending perpendicular to the central axis, wherein the cartridge case axes of each charging frame are located in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, each cartridge case has a locking element that extends along the circumference of the cartridge case, and the charging frames are stackable in the axial direction; a plurality of shaped charges fixed in the sleeves of the charging frames; a partition-shaped element located in the housing and forming a seal with the housing; and an initiator module located in the housing, with a partition-shaped member located between the initiator module and the plurality of charging frames.

[0008] Other embodiments described herein provide a perforation tool comprising a cylindrical body; a first perforation assembly located within the housing, said first perforation assembly comprising a first frame for shaped charges, an initiator module, and a partition-shaped member located between the frame and the initiator module; and a second perforation assembly located within the housing, said second perforation assembly comprising a second shaped charge frame electrically coupled to the initiator module of the first perforation assembly via an electrical conductor located passing through a central passage of the second frame.

[0009] Other embodiments described herein provide a frame for housing shaped charges comprising a body having a central axis, the body having a passage along the central axis, and a plurality of openings oriented perpendicular to the central axis, each opening including a wall having a circular cross-section and a diameter that decreases from a first end of the opening to a second end of the opening, wherein the first end of the opening has a circular rim, and the second end of the opening has a port that fluidly connects the opening to a passage, and each opening has a cutout in the wall wherein said cutout has a first side wall and a second side wall located opposite the first side wall, wherein the stop extends from the first side wall through the cutout to the second side wall.

[0010] Other embodiments described herein provide a frame for housing shaped charges comprising a body having a central axis, the body having a passage along the central axis, and a plurality of openings oriented perpendicular to the central axis, each opening including a wall having a circular cross-section and a diameter that decreases from a first end of the opening to a second end of the opening, wherein the first end of the opening has a circular rim, and the second end of the opening has a port that fluidly connects the opening to a passage, and each opening has two rectangular cutouts in the wall on opposite sides, said cutouts being aligned along a central axis with a stopper extending through each cutout along the circumference of the opening.

[0011] Other embodiments described herein provide a shaped charge housing frame comprising a body having a central axis, the body having a passage along the central axis, and a plurality of openings oriented perpendicular to the central axis, each opening including a wall having a circular cross-section and a diameter that decreases from a first end of the opening to a second end of the opening, wherein the first end of the opening has a circular rim, and the second end of the opening has a port that fluidly connects the opening to a passage, and each opening has two rectangular cutouts in the wall on opposite sides, said cutouts being aligned along a central axis, a stopper extending through each cutout along the circumference of the opening, and said body having a first end with a plurality of first mounting members and a second end that is positioned opposite the first end with a plurality of second mounting members elements that correspond to the first installation elements.

[0012] Other embodiments described herein provide an initiator module comprising a first element having a slip ring with a conical surface and a central hole; and a second element comprising a printed circuit board connected to the second element in a perpendicular orientation by means of clamps; and a central sleeve supporting a detonator that projects through the central hole of the first element.

[0013] Other embodiments described herein provide an initiator module comprising a first member having a slip ring at a first end of the initiator module, the slip ring having a tapered surface and a central hole; and a second element comprising a printed circuit board connected to the second element by a plurality of clamps; and a central bushing supporting a detonator that enters through a central hole of the first element, the initiator module having a cylindrical shape with a central axis, the circuit board oriented along a plane perpendicular to the central axis, the initiator module having a second end located opposite the first end, and the initiator module further contains an electrical connector that enters from the second end.

[0014] Other embodiments described herein provide an initiator module comprising a first member having a slip ring at a first end of the initiator module, the slip ring having a tapered surface, and a central seat that defines a central hole; and a second element comprising a printed circuit board connected to the second element by a plurality of clamps; and a central sleeve holding a detonator that is located in the central socket of the first element, wherein the initiator module has a cylindrical shape with a central axis, the printed circuit board is oriented along a plane perpendicular to the central axis, the initiator module has a second end located opposite the first end, and the initiator module additionally contains a cylindrical electrical connector that enters from the second end.

[0015] Other embodiments described herein provide a septum-shaped member for a perforating tool, wherein said septum-shaped member comprises a cylindrical body made of a structurally sound material that has a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a central a passage formed along its axis and extending from the first end to the second end; and an electrical conductor located in the passage along the axis and having a first end with a rounded pin that extends into a socket formed at the first end of the cylindrical body, and a second end that has an electrical coupling located at the second end of the cylindrical body.

[0016] Other embodiments described herein provide a septum-shaped element for a perforating tool, the septum-shaped element comprising a cylindrical body made of a structurally sound material that has a first end, a second end located opposite the first end, and a central passage formed along its axis and extending from the first end to the second end; and an electrical conductor disposed in the passage along an axis and having a first end with a rounded pin that extends into a socket formed at the first end of the cylindrical body, and a second end that has an electrical coupling located at the second end of the cylindrical body, the first end of the electrical conductor is configured to be electrically connected to the punching tool initiator module, and the second end of the electrical conductor is electrically connectable to the punching tool initiator module and the punching tool charging module.

[0017] Other embodiments described herein provide a septum-shaped element for a perforating tool, the septum-shaped element comprising a cylindrical body made of a structurally sound material that has a first end, a second end located opposite the first end, and a central passage formed along its axis and extending from the first end to the second end; an electrical conductor disposed in a passage along an axis and having a first end with a rounded pin that extends into a socket formed at the first end of the cylindrical body, and a second end that has an electrical coupling projecting from the second end of the cylindrical body, the first end of the electrical conductor being electrically connectable to the punching tool initiator module, and the second end of the electrical conductor is electrically connectable to the punching tool initiator module and the punching tool charging module; and an insulating element located in the central passage between the cylindrical body and the electrical conductor.

[0018] Other embodiments described herein provide a method of performing downhole treatment, including positioning a perforating charge in a perforating tool; location of the initiating charge next to the perforation charge; deployment of perforating tools in the well; and activating the perforation charge by directly transferring ballistic energy from the initiating charge to the perforation charge.

[0019] Other embodiments described herein provide a downhole treatment method including arranging a plurality of perforating charges in a perforating tool; arranging a plurality of initiating charges adjacent to the perforation charges, each initiating charge being located adjacent to a corresponding perforation charge; deployment of perforating tools in the well; activating a first primer charge of the plurality of primer charges; activating each initiating charge by direct transfer of ballistic energy from an adjacent initiating charge; and activating each perforation charge by direct transfer of ballistic energy from the corresponding trigger charge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to provide a better understanding of the foregoing features of the present invention, a more specific description of the present invention, the essence of which is briefly set forth above, will now be presented with reference to embodiments, some of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings show illustrative embodiments only and, therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but it is accepted that other equally effective embodiments exist.

[0021] In FIG. 1A is a side view of a punching tool in accordance with one embodiment.

[0022] In FIG. 1B is a detailed view of the perforating tool portion shown in FIG. 1A.

[0023] In FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of the perforating tool portion shown in FIG. 1A.

[0024] In FIG. 1D is a more detailed cross-sectional view of the perforating tool portion shown in FIG. 1A.

[0025] In FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a punching tool in a transport configuration in accordance with another embodiment.

[0026] In FIG. 2B is a detailed view of a perforation tool portion in accordance with one embodiment.

[0027] In FIG. 2C is a sectional view of an initiator module in accordance with another embodiment.

[0028] In FIG. 3A is an isometric view of a charging frame in accordance with another embodiment.

[0029] In FIG. 3B is a sectional view of a portion of the charging frame shown in FIG. 3A.

[0030] In FIG. 3C is another perspective view of the frame shown in FIG. 3A.

[0031] In FIG. 3D is an isometric view of a frame in accordance with another embodiment.

[0032] For ease of understanding, identical reference numerals are used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is intended that elements and features of one embodiment may be successfully incorporated into other embodiments without further mention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] The modular perforating tools described herein are designed to be transportable as a single piece and also expandable to any desired size in the field. In addition, the instruments described herein have tunable blast direction and spacing. In fig. 1A is a side view of a punching tool 100 in accordance with one embodiment. The perforating tool 100 is configured to be incorporated into a tool for use in a wellbore. The perforating tool 100 is characterized by having a first end 102 and a second end 104 that is positioned opposite the first end 102. Each end is capable of being attached to the drill string by threading, bolting, or other attachment techniques. The device shown in FIG. 1A, includes an outer housing 106 that consists of three identical segments 106A, 106B, and 106C that are connected to each other at pipe connections 107A and 107B. Each of the segments 106A, 106B, and 106C includes an initiator housing end 108 and a baffle housing end 110. The initiator receiving end 108 may receive the initiator and the baffle receiving end 110 may receive the baffle, both of which are described in more detail below. Each of the segments 106A, 106B and 106C may also include a charge area 112, which is located substantially between the initiator end 108 and the baffle end 110 and in which shaped charges are located that, when activated, perforate the wellbore. The outer body 106 of the punching tool has a substantially cylindrical shape, which is characterized by having a circular cross-section at most locations along its length and a central axis 103 of a cylindrical shape. Thus, the initiator housing end 108 of each of the segments 106A, 106B, and 106C defines a cylindrical interior space in which a cylindrical object can be housed. Likewise, the baffle receiving end 110 of each of the segments 106A, 106B, and 106C defines a cylindrical interior space, and the charge area 112 also defines a cylindrical interior space.

[0034] In FIG. 1B is a detailed view of the portion of the punching tool 100 shown in FIG. 1A. This view shows one of the segments 106A, 106B, 106C of the outer housing 106. The outer housing 106 has a wall thickness that varies according to the function of a particular location on the outer housing 106, with some portions being thicker and some being thinner. In particular, each charge area 112 has two perforation grooves 114, namely a first perforation groove 114A and a second perforation groove 114B, which are thin portions of the outer housing 106 configured to transmit an explosive pulse of gas from one or more shaped charges located in internal space of the charge area 112 adjacent to each perforation groove 114. Each perforation groove 114 is a strip formed around the circumference of the outer housing 106, the thickness of its wall being typically less than the thickness of the wall elsewhere in the housing. The strip extends around the circumference of the outer housing 106 in an azimuthal direction substantially in a plane perpendicular to the central axis. Each perforation groove 114 is characterized by having a flat central portion 116 and an inclined wall 118 located on each side of the central portion 116 that connects the central portion 116 to the outer wall 120 of the outer housing 106. The first perforation groove 114A is characterized by a first central portion 116A, a first inclined wall 118A and a second inclined wall 118B located opposite the first inclined wall 118A. The second perforation groove 114B is characterized by having a second central portion 116B, a third inclined wall 118C, and a fourth inclined wall 118D opposite the third inclined wall 118C. The inclined walls 118 may be flat or curved and may form an angle of 20 to 80 degrees with the central portion. In this case, all of the inclined walls 118 form an angle of 45 degrees with the corresponding central sections 116.

[0035] The central portions 116 of the perforation grooves 114 are characterized by a uniform width in the axial direction of the perforating tool 100. The width of the central portions 116 is selected to provide a window for penetration of explosion gas through the central portion, calculated to create an explosive pulse when the charge is activated. which extends from the central section into the borehole wall at the desired distance and with the desired dispersion profile. If the inner diameter of the outer housing 106 in the region of the central portion 116 is D and the width of the central portion 116 is W, then the D/W ratio is typically from about 1 to about 100, such as about 2 to about 10, such as about 3.

[0036] In this case, there are two perforation grooves 114, however, the outer housing 106 can have any desired number of perforation grooves 114 due to the modularity of the perforation tool 100, which will be explained in more detail below. The minimum spacing of the perforation grooves 114 is typically determined by the internal structures of the punching tool 100. In the present case, the spacing of the perforation grooves 114 is approximately the same as the width of the central sections 116. In the present case, each of the segments 106A, 106B and 106C of the outer body 106 is characterized by the presence of an area 122 a partition extending from the partition end 110 of the segment to the first inclined wall 118A of the first perforation groove 114A; a first central portion 116A extending from the first inclined wall 118A to a second inclined wall 118B of the first perforation groove 114A located opposite the first inclined wall 118A relative to the first central portion; an intermediate region 126 extending from the second inclined wall 118B of the first perforation groove 114A to the third inclined wall 118C of the second perforation groove 114B; a second central portion 116B extending from a third inclined wall 118C to a fourth inclined wall 118D located opposite the third inclined wall 118C relative to the second central portion 116B; and an initiator region 128 extending from the fourth inclined wall 118D to the end 108 for housing the segment initiator.

[0037] In FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of the punching tool 100 shown in FIG. 1A. In this case, the outer body 106 of the punching tool 100 is characterized by the presence of three segments 106A, 106B and 106C, as noted above. The first and third segments 106A and 106C are shown substantially empty in this figure to clearly show the internal wall structure of the outer housing 106. The second segment 106B substantially contains the internal structures of the punching tool 100.

[0038] The punching tool 100 includes an initiator module 130, a plurality of charging modules 132, in particular two discharge modules 132 in this case, the number of which corresponds to the number of punching grooves 114 in the outer housing 106, and a partition-shaped element 134. Two partition-shaped elements 134 are shown in the device shown in FIG. 1C charge modules 132 are located between the partition-shaped element 134 and the initiator module 130. The initiator module 130 is a cylindrical module characterized by an outer radius that is substantially the same as the inner radius of the outer housing 106 in the initiator region 128.

[0039] The wall of the outer housing 106 in the initiator region 128 is characterized by the presence of a first section 136, a second section 138, and a third section 140. The first section 136 begins in the region of the initiator end 108 of the outer housing 106 and extends to the second section 138. The second section 138 is located between the first section 136 and the third section 140. In the first section 136, the inner diameter of the outer housing 106 narrows, and its value decreases from the first diameter value at the end of the first section 136 to the second diameter value in the area of the second section 138. The first diameter value is less than the second value diameter values. The conical portion of the inner wall of the outer housing 106 provides a conical surface 139 for engaging the initiator module 130.

[0040] The initiator module 130 includes a circuit board 142 located in a container 144. The container 144 contains a first element 146 and a second element 148. The first and second elements 146 and 148 can be separated to remove the circuit board 142 from the container 144. The initiator module 130 is characterized by a substantially cylindrical shape having a first end 152 and a second end 153. The first member 146 is characterized by the presence of a slip ring 150 in the region of the first end 152. The slip ring 150 is characterized by the presence of a conical surface 154 that corresponds to the conical wall of the outer housing 106 in the first section 136 of the region 128 initiator. The conical surface 154 of the slip ring 150 has an outer radius that corresponds to the inner radius of the wall of the outer housing 106 in the first section 136, which outer radius decreases linearly towards the first end 152, causing the conical surface 154 to contact the conical wall of the outer housing 106 in the first section 136. The outer radius may be substantially characterized by any decreasing profile that matches the inner radius profile of the wall of the outer housing 106, such as curved or inclined. It should be noted that, instead of using conical surfaces to engage the slip ring 150 with the wall of the outer housing 106, the wall of the outer housing 106 may have a flange extending from the right cylindrical wall, and the first element may have a slip ring or a contact portion with a straight surface for engagement with engagement with the wall and end to interact with the shelf.

[0041] The first element 146 of the container 144 is characterized by the presence of a central hole 156, which receives a detonator 158, which is located in the initiator module 130 and, when so arranged, protrudes through the central hole 156. The second element 148 includes a central sleeve 160, which is aligned with the central hole 156 and holds the detonator 158 in place. The second element 148 also includes a plurality of clamps 162 that hold the printed circuit board 142 in a position perpendicular to the central axis 103. The central sleeve 160 may be integral with the second element 148 or may be a separate element that engages with the remaining portion. the second element 148, as well as with the detonator 158 and the first element 146.

[0042] The first element 146 is characterized by a central slot 155 that defines a central opening 156 and extends along the axis of the initiator module 130. The central sleeve 160 fits into the central socket 155 to assemble the first element 146 to the second element 148. The central sleeve 160 and the central socket 155 may be electrically conductive to provide electrical connection between the initiator module 130 and the charging module 132, as further described below. Alternatively, the center sleeve 160 and/or the center socket 155 may be made of dielectric materials, such as polymeric materials, with electrically conductive elements, such as wires or pins, that are located within these materials, such as in grooves on the surface of the center sleeve 160 and the center socket 155 , or located within the body of the central sleeve 160 and the central socket 155.

[0043] The central seat 155 is characterized by a protrusion 145 that extends slightly beyond the end of the detonator 158 and surrounds the detonator 158. The central seat 155 is characterized by three sections, namely a first section that engages the central sleeve 160, a second section that holds detonator 158, and a third section, which is limited by a projection 145. Each section is characterized by a cylindrical profile. The first section has an inner diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the detonator 158 to accommodate the central sleeve 160. The second section has an inner diameter that is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the detonator 158 to accommodate the detonator 158. In the present case, the first and the second sections are characterized by the same outer diameter, while the outer diameter of the two sections may differ. The third section defined by protrusion 145 has an inner diameter that is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the detonator 158 and an outer diameter that is smaller than the outer diameter of the first and second sections. The protrusion 145 is characterized by having a hollow end to create a fluid connection through the end of the protrusion 145 to provide a ballistic connection to the charging module 132. The protrusion 145 engages the electrical coupling of the charging module 132, as further described below, to provide an electrical connection to the charging module 132.

[0044] In this case, the wires for connecting the detonator 158 to a source of electricity are not shown. The detonator 158 may receive electrical energy through interaction with the central hub 160, for example, when the detonator 158 has built-in electrical contacts. Alternatively, the detonator 158 may be characterized by the presence of wires. In this case, wires pass through the central hole 161 of the second element 148 to provide an electrical connection to the contacts of the printed circuit board 142.

[0045] In FIG. 1D is a cross-sectional view of the charging modules 132 of the punching tool 100. Each charging module 132 includes a frame 164 in which a plurality of shaped charges 166 are disposed, each shaped charge located in a sleeve 168 that engages the frame 164. Each frame 164 characterized by a cylindrical shape with a central axis 165 coinciding with the central axis 103 of the punching tool 100 when the frames 164 are installed in the punching tool 100. The sleeves 168 are located in the holes 170 of the frame 164, the holes 170 being located along a plane 172 perpendicular to the central axis 103. Here the plane 172 is represented by a dotted line, while in the view shown in FIG. 1D, an edge of the plane is shown. In this case, each frame 164 has three such holes 170 spaced 120° apart in the horizontal plane of the frame 164. The cartridges 168 are cupped to conform to the shape of the charges. The frames 164 are located in the interior of the outer housing 106 so that the holes 170, cartridges 168 and charges are located adjacent to the perforation groove 114 of the outer housing 106. Depending on the size of the charges used, the frames 164 can be configured to hold any practical number of charges in holes evenly spaced in the horizontal plane of the frame. Therefore, two, three, four, five or more charges can be arranged in a frame that is similar to the subject frames 164 by changing the configuration of the frame openings.

[0046] The frames 164 are made of a polymeric material such as polypropylene, polyurethane, or other durable polymeric material. Frames 164 may be manufactured using casting, subtractive forming (eg, laser scribing), or 3D printing techniques. As shown in FIG. 1B-1D, frames 164 are stackable such that any number of frames 164 can be positioned within the punching tool. Typically, the number of frames 164 located in the punching tool will correspond to the number of perforation grooves 114 in the outer housing 106, but more or fewer frames 164 may, in principle, be located in the outer housing 106. In addition, the frames 164 are rotatable within the outer housing 106. housing 106 to orient the direction of the explosion in any desired manner. The perforation grooves 114, which extend completely around the housing 106, essentially allow the shaped charge to be oriented in any azimuthal direction. The perforation grooves 114 are equally susceptible to penetration by shaped charges located within the frames 164 adjacent to the perforation grooves 114 at any azimuth. The rotatability of the frames 164 allows the shaped charges held by the frames 164 to be directed in any direction within the punching tool without any restriction. Thus, the body 106 of the punching tool 100 does not need to be positioned or oriented according to a certain rotation angle to allow the shaped charge jets to propagate in the desired direction.

[0047] Each of the frames 164 is characterized by a central passage 174 that is oriented axially at the center of the frame 164. An electrical conductor 176 is positioned extending through the central passage 174 of each frame 164. In the present case, each frame 164 is characterized by an electrical conductor 176 located in its central passage 174. Each electrical conductor 176 contacts the inner wall 178 of the passage 174, but in some cases a free space may be provided between the electrical conductor 176 and the inner wall 178. Such space may be a continuous annular space or may be discontinuous if necessary.

[0048] Each electrical conductor 176 is characterized by having a first end 180 and a second end 182 that is positioned opposite the first end 180. The first end 180 is characterized by a coupling 184. The coupling 184 has a first diameter, and the remainder of the electrical conductor 176 has a second diameter. In the case under consideration, the first diameter is larger than the second diameter. The coupler may include a connecting portion of another module, such as an initiator module 130 or another frame 164. A second end 182 of each electrical conductor 176 extends beyond the frame 164 to provide a connection that can serve to connect the frame 164 to another frame 164, module 130 initiator or partition-shaped element 134. When the charging modules 132 and the initiator module 130 are installed in the perforating tool 100, the coupling 184 of the frame 164 receives a portion of the detonator 158 that extends through the first element 146 of the initiator module 130. In this embodiment, the central passage 174 is characterized by having a first section 186 with a first diameter and a second section 188 with a second diameter. In the case under consideration, the first diameter is larger than the second diameter. Here, the second diameter of the second section 188 of the central passage 174 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the electrical conductor 176, and the first diameter of the central passage 174 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the coupling 184. Therefore, the outer surface of the coupling 184 is in contact with the first section 186 of the central passage 174, and the remainder of the electrical conductor 176 is in contact with the second section 188 of the central passage 174, so that there is essentially no free space between the electrical conductor 176 and the central passage 174. In the present case, the coupling 184 has a conical outer surface at the location where the coupling 184 connects to the remainder of the electrical conductor 176. The conical outer surface of the coupling contacts a similar conical portion of the inner wall 178 of the central passage 174 that connects the first section 186 and the second section 188 of the center passage 174. As noted above, if necessary, this design allows for space between the electrical conductor 176 and the second section 188 of the center passage 174.

[0049] In the case of each frame 164, a primer 190 is located within an electrical conductor 176 adjacent to the frame openings 170 and adjacent to the shaped charges 166. The primer 190 is made of a flammable material that serves as an ignition source for the shaped charges. Unlike standard initiating charges used in downhole tools, the primer 190 does not have a direct physical connection to a power source, such as a detonating cord. The capsule 190 is simply a molded volume of flammable material that can be encased and which is located within the electrical conductor 176. Therefore, the capsule 190 is wireless. The primer 190 is inserted into the electrical conductor 176 prior to installing the frame 164 into the container 144. In this embodiment, the electrical conductor 176 is characterized by having an orientation protrusion 192 at one end of the electrical conductor 176 to assist in proper placement of the primer 190 relative to the shaped charges. In the present case, the orientation protrusion 192 is located at the second end 182 of the electrical conductor 176, and the orientation protrusion 192 may be located adjacent to the first end 180 of the electrical conductor 176.

[0050] To secure the capsule 190 within the electrical conductor 176, a stopper 194 is located at a desired location within the electrical conductor 176. The stopper 194 may be a removable member, such as a snap ring, or a retractable member that may extend around the entire circumference of the electrical conductor 176 or along part of its circumference. In either case, stopper 194 may be removed or repositioned to accommodate primer 190 between stopper 194 and alignment protrusion 192. FIG. The 1D capsule 190 is smaller than the space between the orientation projection 192 and the stopper 194.

[0051] In other embodiments, capsule 190 may be sized to extend substantially from first end 180 to second end 182 of electrical conductor 176. In such cases, capsule 190 may be secured between alignment projection 192 of first electrical conductor 176 and alignment projection 192 second electrical conductor 196. Thus, based on FIG. 1D, capsule 190 may extend from an orientation projection 192 on a second end 182 of the first electrical conductor 176 to a first end 180 of the first electrical conductor 176 and may be secured between an orientation projection 192 of the first electrical conductor 176 and a second end 182 of the second electrical conductor 176 that is opposed. the first end 182 of the first electrical conductor 176. The presence of a separate limiter 194, as shown in FIG. 1D, allows the use of smaller 190 capsules.

[0052] An opening in the electrical conductor 176, located adjacent to a similar opening in the inner wall 178 of the central passage 174, provides a fluid connection to the interior of the electrical conductor 176 through the frame 164 with shaped charges 166. Each electrical conductor 176 provides a fluid connection along its entire length. fluid connection of the detonator 158 to the primers 190. Therefore, the electrical conductor 176 provides electrical and ballistic connection between the initiator module 130 and the shaped charges 166. When the circuit board 142 outputs an electrical impulse, said electrical impulse is transmitted to the detonator 158 and the first electrical conductor 176 of the first frame 164 , which are located adjacent to the initiator module 130. The electrical impulse is transmitted by the first electrical conductor 176 through the first frame 164 to the primer 190 of the first electrical conductor 176. The detonator 158 is ignited by the electrical discharge supplied by the circuit board, and a free-propagating explosion from the detonator 158 travels along the first electrical conductor 176 to the first primer 190, causing its ignition. The explosion of the first primer 190 triggers the shaped charges 166 located adjacent to the first primer 190. The explosion of the first primer 190 also propagates along the first electrical conductor 176 to its second end in conjunction with an electrical impulse from the ignition circuit of the printed circuit board 142. The second end of the first electrical conductor is coupled to coupling 184 of the second electrical conductor 176 of the second frame 164, thereby providing fluid communication and electrical connection between the first electrical conductor 176 and the second electrical conductor 176. A freely propagating explosion and electrical impulse passes from the first electrical conductor 176 to the second electrical conductor 176 to to the second primer 190, causing the shaped charges located adjacent to the second primer 190 to operate and ignite. The explosion of the shaped charges 166 is configured to penetrate the perforations 114 of the outer housing 106 with sufficient energy to continue propagating into the wellbore and through the borehole wall into the formation . Thus, any number of shaped charges 166 can be activated using the structure of the perforating tool 100 shown in FIG. 1A-1D.

[0053] The above-described structures allow the perforation charges to be activated in the perforation tool without the use of drives to transmit energy. The detonator is activated in the initiator module by electrical current, after which direct transfer of ballistic energy from the detonator activates the first primer, which in this case is the initiating charge. The transfer of ballistic energy resulting from the activation of the first primer charge activates the first perforation charge, which is located adjacent to the first primer charge. The transfer of ballistic energy resulting from the activation of the first primer charge also activates a second primer charge located adjacent to the first primer charge. The transfer of ballistic energy resulting from the activation of the second primer charge, in turn, activates a second perforation charge located adjacent to the second primer charge. In this way, a downhole gun consisting of multiple perforating charges can be fully activated essentially without the use of drives. The only wiring connection in this structure is from the PCB ignition circuit to the detonator in the initiator module. If the wireless initiator module is used in conjunction with the above structures, the punching tool will be completely wireless.

[0054] The circuit board 142 is also electrically coupled to an electrical conductor 176 that provides electrical power through the frames 164. The initiator module 130 includes a connector 141 with a central passage for housing the detonator 158. The connector 141 protrudes from the initiator module 130 like a detonator. 158 and electrically coupled to connector 184 of electrical conductor 176. Bushing 160 is inserted into connector 141, and detonator 158, held in bushing 160, passes through connector 141 and protrudes into electrical conductor 176 when initiator module 130 is coupled to charging module 132.

[0055] The partition-shaped member 134 is a structurally strong, high-density object that is made, for example, from steel. In this case, the baffle-shaped element 134 is characterized by a cylindrical body 147, but is typically shaped to match the cross-sectional profile of the outer housing 106. The baffle-shaped element 134 is located in the baffle region 122 of the outer housing 106. As shown in fig. 1C, the baffle-shaped element 134 is inserted into the baffle area 122 of the second segment 106B of the outer housing 106 such that the first end 167 of the baffle-shaped element 134 mates with the protrusion of the second end 182 of the electrical conductor 176 by the baffle conductor 177 inserted through the central passage 175 of the element. 134 in the form of a partition, which extends from the first end 167 to the second end 163 of the cylindrical body 147 of the element 134 in the form of partition. As noted above, the cylindrical body 147 of the partition-shaped element 134 is made of a structurally sound material, which may be an electrically conductive or dielectric material. The partition conductor 177 is characterized by having a first end 173 and a second end 171 that is located opposite the first end 173. The first end 173 is characterized by having a coupling 169 that protrudes in the region of the first end 167 of the partition-shaped element 134 and into which the electrical conductor of the other module is received. for example, the second end 182 of the electrical conductor 176 of the frame 164 or the connector 141 of the initiator module 130 that protrudes from the initiator module 130. The second end 171 of the conductor 177 is a pin-like structure with a rounded end extending into a socket 179 on the second end 163 of the baffle-shaped element 134. Receptacle 179 is configured to connect only to the second element 148 of the initiator module 130 so that the circuit board 142 mounted in the second element 148 is substantially protected from the effects resulting from detonation of the shaped charges in the charging module 132. FIG. 1C, two baffle-shaped elements 134 are installed at two ends of the assembly to isolate explosions occurring in the charging modules 132.

[0056] The baffle-shaped member 134 is inserted into the housing 106 and abuts a shoulder 159 of the outer housing 106 that marks the boundary between the baffle region 122 of the outer housing 106 and the charge region 112. In this case, the partition-shaped element 134 is a cylindrical object, but, as a rule, it has a shape corresponding to the profile of the housing 106. The partition-shaped element 134 is characterized by the presence of a locking flange 157, which engages with the edge 143 of the first outer housing segment 106A 106, which modularly engages with the second segment 106B, as described above. The edge 143 of the outer housing 106 securely latches the baffle-shaped member 134 between the edge 143 of one housing segment and the shoulder 159 of the other housing segment, securely holding the baffle-shaped member 134 in the baffle region 122 of the housing segment.

[0057] The first seal is located in the first seal groove 153 of the baffle element 134, which is located near its first end 167, and between the baffle element 134 and the second housing segment 106B. The second seal is located in the second seal groove 151 and between the first housing segment 106A near the edge 143 and the baffle-shaped member 134. The first seal groove 153 is located in the side wall of the baffle member 134, which extends from the locking flange 157 to the first end 167 of the baffle member 134 and has a first diameter. The second seal groove 151 is located in the side wall of the baffle element 134, which extends from the locking flange 157 to the second end 163 of the baffle element 134 and has a second diameter. Therefore, the locking shelf 157 is located between the first seal groove 153 and the second seal groove 151, and the first and second seal grooves 153 and 151 provide a seal between the baffle-shaped member 134 and the corresponding first and second housing segments 106A and 106B. The first diameter of the side wall of the partition-shaped member 134 between the first end 167 and the locking shelf 157 is larger than the second diameter of the side wall between the fixing flange 157 and the second end 163, so that the fixing shelf 157 can securely fix the location of the partition-shaped member 134 in the outer housing 106 .

[0058] The septum-shaped element 134 is characterized by having a recess 149 formed at its first end 167. The central passage 175 of the septum-shaped element 134 is formed in the central region of the recess 149. The recess 149 facilitates the insertion of the conductor 177 into the central passage, as well as its removal from the specified passage. The second end 163 of the baffle-shaped element 134 is configured generally to abut the initiator module 130, and the first end 167 of the baffle-shaped element 134 is configured to interface with the charging module 132. In the present case, the first end 167 of the baffle-shaped element 134 is not adjacent to the charging module 132, since the conductors of the two components protrude and engage without the modules being adjacent. By reducing the distance over which the conductors of the two modules extend, the charging module 132 can be located close enough to the baffle element 134 to abut the first end 167 of the baffle element 134. It should be noted that the baffle element 134 is radially symmetrical such that the angular orientation of the baffle element 134 in the outer housing 106 does not affect its operation.

[0059] In FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a punching tool 200 in a transport configuration in accordance with another embodiment. The punching tool 200 groups the initiator module 202 and the charging module 204 as a single shipping package. Initiator module 202 is similar to initiator module 130 shown in FIG. 1C-1D, with a two-piece container 206 housing a circuit board 208 and a detonator 210. The detonator 210 is located at the first end 212 of the initiator module 202, with the initiator module 202 connected to a partition-shaped element 214 in the region of the second end 216 of the initiator module 202. A baffle-shaped member 214 is located between the initiator module 202 and the charging module 204 within the perforating tool 200, with the detonator 210 spaced from the charging module 204, whereby the perforating tool 200 can be transported with the detonator and charges as a single package without the possibility of unintentional combustion. An electrical connector 217 projects from the second end 216 of the initiator module 202 and engages a socket 219 of the baffle element 214, with the baffle conductor 221 located in the socket 219 and passing through the baffle element 214. In this case, the electrical connector 217 is cylindrical, but in other embodiments, the electrical connector 217 may be pins or staples that engage one or more similarly shaped receptacles 219. Electrical connector 217 provides electrical continuity between baffle element 214 and initiator module 202. The partition-shaped element 214 may be electrically conductive. In such cases, the insulating member 223 extends through the baffle member 214 between the cylindrical body 147 and the baffle conductor 221, thereby preventing a short circuit through the baffle member 214 from occurring. The insulating element 223 is located in the central passage 175 of the cylindrical body 147 (Fig. 1C) and, in the present case, continuously lines the central passage 175. Therefore, in the present case, the insulating element 223 is a sleeve. In other cases, the insulating element 223 may be a spacer instead of or in addition to the sleeve. In these cases, the insulating element 223 may not be continuous or may have passages or openings that define a free space between the cylindrical body 147 and the partition conductor 221. If the partition-shaped element 214 is not electrically conductive, the insulating element 223 may be missing.

[0060] Electrical connector 217 may be configured separately from initiator module 202. In one case, the electrical connector 217 may be an electrical contact strip that is located within the molded receptacle 219. In FIG. 2B is a detailed view of a perforation tool portion in accordance with one embodiment. In fig. 2B shows an embodiment in which an electrical contact strip 217A is located in a molded receptacle 219 to provide an electrical connection between the circuit board 208 and the partition conductor 221. The electrical contact strip 217A is a substantially cylindrical electrically conductive member that is located in the molded receptacle 219 and allows the members in electrical connection thereto to be rotated 360 degrees while maintaining the electrical connection. The electrical contact strip 217A has an open middle so that the partition conductor 221 can be inserted into the middle of the electrical contact strip 217A. In the present case, the electrical contact strip 217A specifically provides an electrical connection to the septum conductor 221 when the septum conductor 221 is rotated to any angle.

[0061] In FIG. 2A, circuit board 208 is shown electrically connected to connector 217 via a wire 240 that optionally terminates in a pad 242 that connects to connector 217. FIG. 2B shows an optional spring contact 209 that extends from the circuit board 208 to provide a reliable electrical connection between the circuit board 208 and the connector 217 shown in FIG. 2A, or the electrical contact strip 217A shown in FIG. 2B. In fig. 2B, an electrical connection of the circuit board 208 to the electrical contact strip 217A is made in the region of the annular end of the electrical contact strip 217A facing the circuit board 208 by providing a cylindrical spring contact 209 with a tapered end and a diameter that is greater than the inner diameter of the annular end of the electrical contact strip 217A. Upon deployment of the initiator module 202 with the charging module 204, the conical end of the spring contact 209 engages the annular end of the electrical contact strip 217A, and the spring contact 209, under the action of the spring, is pressed to provide engagement force between the spring contact 209 and the annular end of the electrical contact strip 217A. contact, thereby creating a stable electrical connection between the printed circuit board 208 and the partition conductor 221. Although the spring contact 209 shown in FIG. 2B is depicted in engagement with the electrical contact strip 217A at the center of the annular end of the electrical contact strip 217A, the electrical contact could be made by means of a spring contact, such as a spring contact 209, at any suitable location between the printed circuit board 208 and the partition conductor 221 by means of wires and pads or notches in any suitable configuration. A coaxial connector can also be used in place of the 209 spring pin.

[0062] In the present case, the electrical contact strip 217A is shown as a cylindrical element. In some embodiments, the electrical contact strip 217A may have solid cylindrical walls or may have walls with vertical slots. In other embodiments, the electrical contact strip 217A may be characterized by a substantially cylindrical shape with a first diameter at the ends of the electrical contact strip and a second diameter near the middle of the electrical contact strip, the second diameter being smaller than the first diameter, such as a cylindrical shape with a slight taper in the middle. The use of this shape along with the vertical slots can provide a flexible and reliable connection to the electrical contact strip 217A.

[0063] The punching tool 200 has two charging modules 204, but as described elsewhere herein, more or fewer charging modules 204 may be used. The charging modules 204, baffle element 214, and initiator module 202 are configured with an outer housing 213, which has a partition area 218, a charge area 220, and an initiator area 222 similar to the outer housing 106 and segments 106A, 106B, and 106C thereof described with reference to FIG. 1A-1D. To prepare the perforating tool 200 for operation, the initiator module is inserted into the interior of the outer housing 213 in the initiator area 222, connecting the initiator module detonator 210 to the charging module 204. The initiator module 202 can be detached from the partition-shaped element 214 and inserted into the area 222 initiators. Alternatively, an initiator module of another block, similar to the perforation tool 200, may be attached to the initiator region 222 to combine the two charge regions with each other to form an enlarged perforation tool. The modularity and safe transport configuration of the perforating tool 200 allows multiple perforating tools to be transported to the required location in the field and easily assembled into a working configuration.

[0064] In FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of an initiator module 250 in accordance with another embodiment. The initiator module 250 is adapted for use with various printed circuit board configurations. The initiator module 250 is characterized by having a first member 252 that receives a center sleeve 260 that holds a detonator (not shown), similar to the center sleeve 160 shown in FIG. 1C. In this case, the central sleeve 260 is a separate element, which is attached to the first element 252 by means of a fastening element 262, which, in this case, is a screw.

[0065] The initiator module 250 is also characterized by having a second element 254 that includes a circuit board 256 attached to the second element 254 via circuit board clamps 258. Outer clamps 270 of the second element 254 engage recesses 272 of the first element 252 to releasably connect the first and second elements 252 and 254 to each other.

[0066] In this case, the initiator module 250 is configured to accommodate wires for connecting the detonator to contacts located on the periphery of the circuit board 256. In the illustrated embodiment, the first element 252 is characterized by the presence of a central hole 274 so that wires from the detonator can pass through the central hole 274 into the passage 276 of the first element 252. The central hole 274 has a flared entry edge 275 to facilitate routing of detonator wires through the central hole 274. The passage 276 includes a curved guide 278 that extends from the central hole 274 to the second element 254 and radially outward from the central holes 274 along a curved path to the periphery of the first element 252. A passage 276 with a guide 278 guides the detonator wires to the periphery of the first element 252 to facilitate connection of the wires to contacts on the periphery of the circuit board 256.

[0067] In FIG. 3A is an isometric view of a frame 300 in accordance with another embodiment. The frame 300 may be used as one of the frames 164 in the charging module 132 of the punching tool 100, which is shown in FIG. 1A-1D. The frame 300 is characterized by a substantially cylindrical shape with a central axis 302. In the present case, the frame 300 is a single unit with a first end 304 and a second end 306 that is located opposite the first end 304. The central axis 302 extends from the first end 304 to the second end 306. Each of the first end 304 and second end 306 is characterized by a substantially circular shape similar to the cylindrical ends of the frame 300.

[0068] Side 308 of frame 300 connects first end 304 to second end 306. Side 308 is provided with a plurality of recesses 310. Recesses 310 are substantially circular, extend inwardly of side 308 toward central axis 302, and have a diameter that substantially decreases in direction to the central axis 302. Each recess 310 generally defines an outer wall 312 of the recess 310, which is a surface extending from the side 308 to the central axis 302. The outer wall 312 maintains a substantially circular cross-section, decreasing in size as it approaches the central axis 302. This outer wall 312 will typically be shaped to facilitate placement of charges in recesses 310, which are shaped to release a free-propagating blast jet radially outward from the central axis 302. Recesses 310 typically have a coplanar arrangement, where a plane defined by the midpoints three recesses 310 is perpendicular to the central axis 302 of the frame 300.

[0069] Where the outer wall 312 of the recess 310 approaches the first end 304 and the second end 306 of the frame 300, a cutout 314 is provided in the side 308 of the frame 300 from the outer wall 312 of the recess 310 to the corresponding first end 304 or the second end 306. The cutout 314 provides a base for installation of a stopper 316, which is designed to fix the shaped charge in the recess 310. The stopper 316 extends from the side wall 318 of the cutout 314 in a direction substantially transverse to the cutout 314 to the opposite side wall of the cutout 314, which faces the side wall 318. In the present case, the cutout 314 is characterized a rectangular profile that extends radially inward from side 308 of frame 300 toward central axis 302. Thus, each cutout 314 is characterized by having two side walls 318 that are substantially parallel to each other and a bottom 320 that connects the two side walls 318 and is positioned perpendicular to both side walls 318. In this embodiment, the bottom 320 of each cutout 314 is flat, but in other embodiments it may be curved. As noted above, each end of the frame 300, namely the first end 304 and the second end 306, has a cutout 314, with the cutouts 314 at the two ends 304 and 306 aligned in a direction parallel to the central axis 302. The two side walls 318 of each cutout 314 are substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to a plane that is midway therebetween and extends through the central axis 302. Therefore, in this embodiment, the two side walls 318 do not extend in a radial direction. Alternatively, the two side walls 318 may extend in radial directions, in which case the two side walls 318 will not be parallel. The side walls 318 are substantially planar, but may have any suitable shape, such as curved, inclined, tapered, or the like.

[0070] For each recess 310, two stops 316 are provided, one in each opposing cutout 314 of the recess 310. The stops 316 of the recess 310 extend from the opposing side walls 318, which implies that one of the stops 316 of the recess 310 extends from the side wall 318 to the first side of the plane bisecting the cutout 314, and another stop 316 extends from the side wall 318 on the second side of the plane bisecting the cutout 314. The stops extend from the respective side walls 318 along the edge of the notch 310. Each stop 316 extends substantially parallel to the bottom 320 of the cutout 314. In this case, the stops 316 are curved and follow the circular perimeter of the recess 310 in opposite directions. The stops 316 are designed to engage a groove in the rim of the charge case. The stops 316 bend outward as the charge cartridge is inserted into the recess 310 and snap into the charge cartridge groove to securely hold the charge in place. It should be noted that the stops 316 of the recesses 310 are located at the same height relative to the bottom 320 of the corresponding cutouts 314, but may be located at different heights, for example, if the charge cartridge is provided with two grooves for interaction with the two stops 316.

[0071] The frame 300 is characterized by a protrusion 322 that extends from the first end 304 of the frame 300. In this case, the protrusion 322 is cylindrical and may have any suitable shape. For example, protrusion 322 may be in the shape of any regular polygon, such as a square, triangle, pentagon, or the like. A circular opening 325 at the end of the projection 322 leads to a passage through the frame 300 along the central axis 302. The passage may be the same as the passage 174 described above in connection with the punching tool 200. The passage is not visible in FIG. FOR, while it passes through the frame 300 to its second side 306 to create a channel for the electrical conductor 176, described above.

[0072] Located near the center of the bottom 320 of each cutout 314 of the frame 300 is a first mounting member 324 protruding from the first side 304 and extending substantially perpendicular to said side. Because the frame 300 has three cutouts 314, three first mounting members 324 are provided. In general, one or more first mounting members 324 may be provided. The mounting members 324 may have any arrangement at the first end 304. For example, the mounting members 324 may be located between the cutouts 314 adjacent the edge of the first end 304 or near the projection 322. Alternatively, two mounting elements 324 may be used that are located on opposite sides of the projections 322. Any suitable arrangement of mounting elements 324 can be used. In this case, the mounting elements 324 are posts that extend perpendicular to the first end 304 and are uniformly distributed around the protrusion 322. These posts are characterized by a cross-sectional shape. Any type of mounting elements 324 can be used. For example, protrusions, protrusions, and other types of protruding elements may be used and may be combined with recesses and/or cutouts and/or posts of various cross-sectional shapes, such as square, hexagonal, or irregular shapes. The mounting members 324 mate with mounting members at the second end 306 of the frame 300 to maintain the alignment of the two frames 300 relative to each other. In addition, if desired, mounting members 324 may be used to restrict rotation of one or more frames 300 within a punching tool, such as punching tool 100.

[0073] If cylindrical connecting elements are used to connect the first frame to the second frame, as described herein, the first and second frames can operate in any angular alignment. The axial frame members maintain electrical and fluid connection between the first frame and the second frame so that the frames can continuously rotate relative to each other while maintaining functionality. When a shaped charge explosion produces torque, relative rotation of the frames can occur after the explosion, potentially changing the direction of subsequent explosions. If explosions are intended to have specific directions, rotation of the frame after the explosion may change the direction of subsequent explosions to undesired azimuthal directions. The mounting elements described herein can be used to limit unwanted rotation of the frames relative to each other.

[0074] In FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the restrictor 316 shown in FIG. 3A. The cross section of the stopper 316 is substantially irregular in shape, with the first end 340 being rectangular in shape and the second end 342, which is opposite the first end 340, being irregularly shaped. Stopper 316 is characterized by having a first surface 344 and a second surface 346 that is perpendicular to the first surface 344. The first surface 344 has a first width and the second surface 346 has a second width that is less than the first width. Stopper 316 is characterized by having a third surface 348 that is also perpendicular to the second surface 346 and therefore parallel to the first surface 344, with the second surface 346 connecting the first surface 344 and the third surface 348. The third surface 348 has a third width that is less than the first width. The stopper 316 is characterized by having a fourth surface 350 that is perpendicular to the first surface 344 and therefore parallel to the second surface 346. The fourth surface has a fourth width that is less than the second width. The stopper 316 is characterized by having a fifth surface 352 that connects the third surface 348 to the fourth surface 350. The fifth surface 352 is characterized by having a straight portion 354 connected to the third surface 348 and a curved portion 356 connected to the fourth surface 350. The straight portion 354 forms an angle with third surface 348, which depends on the length of the third surface 348 and can be from about 120° to about 170°, such as about 150°. The curved portion 356 may be circular or have another rounded shape, specified in a specific or non-specific manner. In the present case, the curved portion 356 has a radius of curvature that is approximately equal to a fourth of the length. The radius of curvature of the curved portion 356 depends on the dimensions of the other surfaces. The cross-sectional profile of the stopper 316 is selected to mate with a groove in the charge casing that contains the shaped charge, and to be shaped to effectively lock the stopper 316 into the groove.

[0075] Referring again to FIG. 3A, wherein each stop 316 extends from a base 317 attached to a side wall 318 of the cutout 314. The base 317 is characterized by curved surfaces that connect various surfaces of the stop 316 to the side wall 318. Each curved surface of the base 317 extends from the side wall to one of surfaces of the above-described stopper 316. Thus, the base 317 has a size that corresponds to the corresponding size of the stopper 316 at the meeting points of the base 317 and the stopper 316 and increases in the areas of the base 317 approaching the side wall 314. Therefore, the thickness of the base 317 exceeds the thickness of the stopper 316 for providing a strong base for attaching the stopper to the side wall 314.

[0076] Each stopper 316 has a locking element 329 located at the distal end of the stopper 316. In this case, the locking element 329 has the shape of a triangular prism with two parallel surfaces in the shape of a right triangle connected by rectangular surfaces. The right angle of the locking element 329 is adjacent to the first surface 344 of the stopper 316 described above with reference to FIG. 3B. The locking element 329 has a thickness, i.e. a spacing distance of the triangular surfaces that is less than the first width of the first surface 344. In the present case, the thickness of the locking element 329 is approximately half the first width, but in other embodiments it may be greater than or less than half the first width. A right angle of the locking element 329 is located near the end 331 of the stopper 316, with the height of the locking element 329 increasing from the right angle to the edge 333. The surface of the locking element 329 slopes downward from the edge 333 along the stopper 316, so that the highest part of the locking element 329, including itself edge 333 is located adjacent the end 331 of the stopper 316, with the locking element 329 tapering in a direction along the stopper 316 from the end 331.

[0077] In FIG. 3C is an isometric view of the frame 300 as viewed from the second end 306. The second end 306 has an opening 326 that is fluidly coupled to the projection 322 shown in FIG. 3A, at the first end 304 through a passage leading through the frame 300. The hole 326 has a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the passage as described with respect to the punching tool 100. The diameter of the hole 326 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the projection 322, so that the projection 322 may fit into hole 326 for stacking multiple frames 300. Protrusion 322 may also fit other punch tool components as described above. Hole 326 may also receive connecting parts of other components of the punching tool.

[0078] A plurality of second mounting members 328 are formed at a second end 306 of the frame 300. These mounting members 328 may engage first mounting members 324 of the first end 304. There are six second mounting members 328 at the second end 306, while at the first end 304 has only three mounting members 324. As stated above, in general, one or more second mounting members may be provided. In this example, the six mounting members 328 are recesses shaped to match the posts at the first end 304 of the frame 300 to allow the two frames 300 to engage in two different relative orientations. The recesses 310 of two adjacent frames 300 connected to each other may be aligned with each other while pointing in the same direction, or the recesses 310 may be offset in azimuth by 30°. The relative orientation of adjacent frames can be selected in the manner described above by providing mounting members in any desired relative positions to provide different relative orientations. It should be noted that the spacing of the mounting elements can be any suitable spacing to accommodate adjacent frames with different angular offsets.

[0079] Each recess 310 of each frame 300 also includes a finger cutout 330. A finger cutout 330 is formed in a side 308 of the frame 300. A finger cutout 330 is formed in a side 308 between the first and second frame ends 304 and 306 on only one side of the recess 310. 330 extends through the outer wall 312 of the recess 310, providing access to the recess 310 from the side. The finger cutout 330 simplifies the process of removing charges, such as spent charges, from the frame 300 by providing a side extraction method that minimizes stress on the restraints 316 when removing the charge from the frame 300. The finger cutout 330 can be of any suitable shape. In this case, the cutout 330 has a flat bottom 332 and substantially straight side walls 334. The side walls 334 are not parallel, but there is no reason why they cannot be parallel.

[0080] In FIG. 3D is an isometric view of frame 380 in accordance with another embodiment. This isometric view is the same perspective as the view shown in FIG. 3C. Frame in fig. 3D is an embodiment that is characterized by having only two recesses 310. The two recesses 310 of the frame 380 have the same coplanar arrangement as the recesses 310 of the frame 300 in FIG. 3C. In the present case, the two recesses 310 are located at an angle a that ranges from 120° to 180°. Such frames 350 may be configured with various angles a such that the charge geometry for a single punching tool may be distributed among a plurality of such angles and then selected using any suitable activation method. One punching tool can be equipped with a set of 300 frames and 350 frames to provide flexibility in punching direction

[0081] While the foregoing relates to embodiments of the present invention, other and additional embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the basic scope thereof, the scope of the present invention being defined by the appended claims.

Claims (40)

1. A device for perforating a well, containing: frame; a plurality of frames that are located inside the housing, each frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis and a plurality of sleeves, and each sleeve has an axis extending perpendicular to the central axis, and the axes of the sleeves of each frame are located in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, and the frames are configured to stacking in axial direction; an electrical conductor located along the central passage of each frame; many shaped charges fixed in frame sleeves; a partition-shaped element located in the housing and forming a seal with the housing; And an initiator module located in the housing, wherein a partition-shaped member is located between the initiator module and the plurality of frames. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the initiator module contains a printed circuit board located in the container. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition-shaped element electrically isolates the initiator module from a plurality of shaped charges. 4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a detonation element located next to the shaped charges in the electrical conductor. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical conductor is in contact with the inner wall of each axial passage. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrical conductor is a pipe. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the initiator module is designed to be connected directly to one of the frames or an element in the form of a partition. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the initiator module is electrically connected to an electrical conductor through an electrical contact strip. 9. A perforating tool for perforating a well, comprising: a cylindrical body having a plurality of perforation grooves made in it; a plurality of charging frames that are disposed within the housing, each charging frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis, and a plurality of cartridge cases disposed adjacent one of the perforation grooves, and each cartridge having an axis extending perpendicular to the central axis, the cartridge axes of each charging frame being located at a plane perpendicular to the central axis, each sleeve has a locking element that extends along the circumference of the sleeve, and the frames are stackable in the axial direction; a plurality of shaped charges fixed in the sleeves of the charging frames; a partition-shaped element located in the housing and forming a seal with the housing; And an initiator module located in the housing, wherein a partition-shaped member is located between the initiator module and the plurality of charging frames. 10. The punching tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the initiator module contains a printed circuit board located in the container in an orientation perpendicular to the central axis. 11. The perforating tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the partition-shaped element electrically isolates the initiator module from a plurality of shaped charges. 12. The perforating tool of claim 11, further comprising an electrically conductive pipe located in an axial passage formed through each charging frame. 13. The perforation tool according to claim 12, further comprising a detonation element located next to the shaped charges in the electrically conductive pipe. 14. Perforating tool according to claim 10, characterized in that the initiator module is designed to be connected directly to one of the frames or partition-shaped element. 15. The punching tool of claim 14, wherein the initiator module comprises a printed circuit board disposed in a container in an orientation perpendicular to a central axis, the container comprising a first element and a second element separable from the first element. 16. The punching tool according to claim 15, characterized in that the first element contains a plurality of clamps that hold the printed circuit board. 17. The perforation tool according to claim 16, characterized in that the second element has a hole aligned with the central axis, and the initiator module further includes a detonator that protrudes through the hole and is electrically connected to the printed circuit board. 18. The perforation tool according to claim 17, characterized in that the initiator module is designed to be connected directly to the electrically conductive pipe, and the detonator protrudes into the electrically conductive pipe. 19. Perforating tool according to claim 9, characterized in that each charging frame is made of polymer material. 20. The punching tool according to claim 14, characterized in that the initiator module is electrically connected to the charging frame via an electrical contact strip. 21. A perforating tool for perforating a well, comprising: cylindrical body; a first perforation assembly located within the housing, said first perforation assembly comprising a first frame for shaped charges, an initiator module, and a partition-shaped member located between the first frame and the initiator module; And a second perforation assembly located within the housing, said second perforation assembly comprising a second frame for shaped charges electrically coupled to the initiator module of the first perforation assembly via an electrical conductor located passing through a central passage of the second frame. 22. The punching tool of claim 21, wherein each of the first frame and the second frame has a central passage, and the second frame is ballistically connected to the initiator module through the central passage of the second frame. 23. The perforation tool of claim 21, further comprising a primer charge located in the electrical conductor adjacent to one or more shaped charge positions of the second frame. 24. The perforating tool according to claim 21, characterized in that the electrical conductor is a pipe, and the outer surface of the pipe is in contact with the inner surface of the central passage. 25. The perforating tool according to claim 21, wherein the partition-shaped element has a central passage, an insulating element located in the central passage, and an electrical conductor located in the central passage within the insulating element. 26. The perforation tool according to claim 23, characterized in that the capsule charge is wireless.

Images