RU2810851C1 - Positive action gear machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gear multistage volumetric machines.

SUBSTANCE: machine comprises separate sections located sequentially along one axis (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4). The common body is formed by separate cylindrical sections (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4). In the body of each section (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4) there are cylindrical intersecting bores in which drive gears (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4) are located on the drive shaft (6) and driven gears (7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4) on the driven shaft (8). All gears of all sections are helical. The sections are delimited by partitions (11) with holes for the shafts (6, 8). The partitions (11) are equipped with bypass channels to combine the discharge zone of the previous stage with the suction zone of the next one. In each housing of sections (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4), input and output channels are made on its inner surface at opposite ends. The bypass channels in the partitions (11) are formed by a groove (14) on the side surface of the partition (11). With the help of holes at the opposite ends of the partition (11), the groove (14) is combined with the output channel in the housing of the previous section and with the input channel of the housing of the subsequent section.

EFFECT: simplifying the manufacture and assembly of the machine, as well as ensuring more uniform operation without high pressure pulsations.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to gear-type multi-stage volumetric machines with rotating working bodies that are in mutual engagement, and can be used as a pump, for example, a deep-well pump for lifting liquid from oil wells, as well as a hydraulic or pneumatic motor.

A rotary hydraulic machine is known, which belongs to the rotary gear positive displacement machines (RU135021, Fig. 4). The machine contains a cylindrical body, four fixed epicyclic wheels of internal gearing, located sequentially one after another in parallel planes. The axles in each pair of these wheels are shifted relative to the central axis of the body in opposite directions. A sun gear with four rings of external teeth is connected to the drive shaft. Two floating satellites interact with each epicyclic wheel and sun gear ring. The body has end partitions, rigidly connected to the body and dividing the entire volume into steps. In the outer end partitions there are inlet and outlet windows, and in the central partitions there are bypass windows. The length of each window in the circumferential direction exceeds the diameter of the satellite. Due to the presence of epicyclic internal gears, this rotary hydraulic machine is difficult to manufacture and has high requirements for the precision of manufacturing gears.

A known gear pump for pumping liquids (RU 2 563 736), which, in fact, is a positive displacement machine. The machine is made multi-stage in the form of separate sections located sequentially one after another along one axis. Each section contains a separate housing with suction and discharge zones. The cylindrical intersecting bores of the housing of each stage house the driving and two driven spur gears of external gearing. The sections are separated by fixed partitions made in the form of disks. Moreover, the partition at the exit of the previous section serves as an input partition for the subsequent section. The discs have a central hole for the shaft of the drive gears to pass through. Each partition is made with axles for mounting the driven gears of the subsequent section, as well as with holes for basing the axes of the previous section. The driving gears of all sections are mounted on the drive shaft, and the driven gears of all sections rotate freely on axes that are made on the partition of the previous section. As a result, the partitions need to be aligned relative to each other so that the axes for the driven gears in the partition of the previous section coincide with the holes for them in the next one. The partitions are made with bypass channels, which are through holes in the partition disks. The gears of adjacent sections, and, consequently, the partitions, are oriented relative to each other with an angular displacement. The bypass channels in the partitions of adjacent stages are offset relative to each other along the angle. The main disadvantages of this device, chosen as a prototype, are the increased requirements for the accuracy of the location of the axes for the driven gears of one section and the holes for them in the partition of the next section. Inaccuracies in the alignment of these axes in the holes can cause problems during assembly. In addition, there is a pulsation of fluid flow in the pump, causing vibration, increased noise and accelerated wear of the equipment.

The technical result of the invention is the simplification of the manufacture and assembly of the gear machine, as well as its more uniform operation, without high pressure pulsations.

To achieve the specified result, the gear machine, like the prototype, is made multi-stage in the form of separate sections located sequentially along the axis. Each section is formed by a section body, in the cylindrical intersecting bores of which external gears are located. The drive gears of all sections sit on the drive shaft. The sections are limited by end caps - partitions that are installed with gaps relative to the end surfaces of the gears. The partitions are made with holes for the drive shaft, and the partition at the output of one section is the input for another, for which the partitions are equipped with bypass channels to combine the high and low pressure zones of adjacent stages. Unlike the prototype, the driven gears of all sections sit on one driven shaft, and all gears are helical. In each section body, input and output channels are made on its inner surface at opposite ends. The bypass channels in the partitions are formed by a groove on the side surface of the partition; the groove, through holes at the opposite ends of the partition, is aligned with the output channel in the housing of the previous section and with the input channel of the housing of the subsequent section.

To eliminate axial load, the angles of inclination of the teeth of gears sitting on the same shaft in adjacent sections are made opposite to each other.

The invention is illustrated by the example of one of the variants of a gear machine operating in pump mode, in which axial loads are compensated due to the opposite inclination of the teeth in adjacent sections. In fig. Figure 1 shows a general cross-sectional view of the gear pump. Figures 2 and 3 show two adjacent sections disassembled from different angles. Figure 4 shows a longitudinal cross-section of the gear machine in Figure 1, and Figure 5 shows a cross-section along B-B of Figure 4. FIG. 6 is a section along AA (see Fig. 4), and Fig. 7 section along SS (see Fig. 5). In fig. Figure 8 shows a general view of the partition between the sections; Figure 9 is a view of the section body along the axis. In fig. Figure 10 shows a cross-section along the explosives of Fig. 9.

The multi-stage gear machine is formed by sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 4), located sequentially one after another along one axis. The common body 2 of the gear machine is formed by separate cylindrical bodies of sections 2.1, 2.2. 2.3, 2.4. The section bodies are connected to each other using pins 9 in holes 10. In the body of each section there are cylindrical intersecting bores 3 and 4 (see Figs. 2 and 6). In the bores 3 there are drive gears 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, sitting on one shaft 6, which is the drive. In the bores 4 there are driven gears 7.1,7.2,7.3,7.4 sitting on one driven shaft 8. All gears of all sections are helical, and adjacent gears on the same shaft have opposite inclination of the teeth. This design of the gears makes it possible to compensate for the axial forces that arise during the interaction of the driving and driven gears with helical teeth.

The gear sections are separated from each other by partitions 11 (see Fig. 8), through the holes 12 and 13 of which the drive and driven shafts 6 and 8 pass. The bypass channels in each partition 11 are the groove 14 on its side surface, and the channels that represent are not through holes 15 and 16 on its opposite end surfaces. In each section body, on its inner surface at opposite ends there are inlet and outlet channels 17 and 18, which form suction and discharge cavities in the bodies of adjacent sections. Holes 15 and 16 in the partition 11 connect the groove 14 with the inlet and outlet channels of adjacent sections. The ends of the common housing 2 are closed by input 19 and output 20 flanges, in which drive 6 and driven 8 shafts are mounted on bearings. In the inlet flange 19 there is a channel 21 for supplying the medium to the suction cavity 22 of the first section 1.1. In the output flange 20, the output channel 23 is connected to the discharge cavity 24 of the fourth section 1.4 (see Fig. 5).

The gear pump described above operates as follows. When the drive shaft 6 rotates counterclockwise, as shown in Fig. 6, the drive gears 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 of all four sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 rotate. Due to the interaction of the drive gears 5 with the driven gears 7, the latter also begin to rotate in the opposite direction. Let us consider the processes occurring separately in each section, referring to Fig. 5. The volumes between the teeth of gears 5.1 and 7.1, initially open from the side of the suction cavity 22, begin to be closed by the walls of the cylindrical bores 3 and 4 and the contact line of the teeth of gears 5.1 and 7.1. The oblique teeth of gears 5.1 and 7.1 ensure a continuous process of capturing medium volumes. This volume, when the wheels rotate, moves to the injection cavity 18 of the first section and is pushed into it, creating increased pressure. Then the pumped medium through hole 15 on the end surface of the partition 11 enters the groove 14 on its side surface. From the groove 14 through the hole 16 at the opposite end of the partition 11, the medium enters the suction cavity 17 of the next section 1.2. In this section, which is the second stage of the gear pump, the same processes are repeated, and the pressure in the discharge chamber 18 of the second section 2.2 increases even more. Sections 1.3 and 1.4 work similarly. From the discharge cavity 24 of the last section 1.4. the pumped medium under high pressure exits through channel 23 in the outlet flange 20. When the gear machine operates in engine mode, the input and output of both the entire machine and each section are swapped. The high-pressure working medium enters the high-pressure cavity 24 of section 1.4 through channel 23. It fills the volumes between the teeth on the high-pressure side of the cavity. Since the pressure between the teeth on the other side of the gears is minimal, excess pressure arises, which causes gears 5.4 and 7.4 to rotate in opposite directions. Then the medium through the holes at the opposite ends of the partition 11 and the groove 14 on its side surface enters section 1.3. Here the residual pressure of the medium is converted into rotation of gears 5.3 and 7.3. Similar processes occur in sections 1.2 and 1.1. The selection of rotational torque can occur from any of the shafts 6 and 8, as well as from both shafts simultaneously.

Thus, the proposed gear machine, like the prototype, is multi-stage, operating at higher pressures. But at the same time, the basing of individual stages - sections relative to each other - is carried out due to the fastening and orientation of the bodies of each section relative to each other. In the version shown in the attached figures, these are pins 9 passing through holes 10 through all the bodies of the individual sections. Basing individual sections of the pump is also possible by installing the housings of individual sections in one common housing. The assembly of parts with such a base is much simpler than in the prototype. The oblique teeth of the gears in each section ensure a uniform supply of the medium in pump mode and more uniform rotation in engine mode.

Claims (2)

1. A positive displacement gear machine, made multi-stage in the form of separate sections located sequentially along one axis, each of which is formed by a section body, external gears are placed in the cylindrical intersecting bores of the body of each section, the drive gears of all sections sit on one drive shaft, the sections are limited end caps - partitions that are installed with gaps relative to the end surfaces of the gears, the partitions are made with holes for the drive shaft, and the partition at the output of one section is the input for another, for which the partitions are equipped with bypass channels to combine the high and low pressure zones of adjacent stages, different the fact that the driven gears of all sections sit on one driven shaft, all gears are helical, in each section body there are input and output channels on its inner surface at opposite ends, bypass channels in the partitions are formed by a groove on the side surface of the partition, the groove is made with holes at the opposite ends of the partition it is combined with the output channel in the housing of the previous section and with the input channel of the housing of the subsequent section. 2. Gear machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles of inclination of the teeth of the gears sitting on the same shaft in adjacent sections are made opposite to each other.