RU2810100C1 - Solenoid valve - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric valves.

SUBSTANCE: used in power engineering in aircraft. The armature protruding from the electromagnet is sealed along the body and has a larger diameter in the form of a hollow cylinder, which hermetically covers the outer diameter of the main valve. The stop is made movable, with the possibility of axial movement together with the armature when the valve opens, compressing an additional spring located between the stop and the spacer installed at the exit from the frame, and thereby increases the armature stroke. The spacer has an axial hole for the passage of a threaded rod, rigidly connected to the stop, and a nut is screwed onto the rod to adjust the gap between the armature and the stop of the initial armature stroke. When voltage is applied, the armature is pulled toward the stop, lifting the unloading valve from the seat and relieving the pressure in the frame. A force appears on the unbalanced surfaces of the armature and the main valve from the difference in the working pressure of the input and residual pressure in the frame, which moves the stop until the end of the large diameter of the armature reaches the end of the frame.

EFFECT: increasing the flow area of the valve by increasing the armature stroke without significantly increasing the dimensions and weight of the solenoid valve.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electromagnetic valves (EC) and can be used in power engineering, for example, in aircraft.

An EC with unloading is known (see the book by A.L. Przhialkovsky and S.Kh. Shchuchinsky “Solenoid valves”, publishing house “Mashinostroenie”, Leningrad 1967, p. 34, Fig. 14), taken as an analogue of the invention, in which the housing The EC has a main valve installed, blocking the outlet and dividing the valve into two cavities: inlet and discharge, which are connected by a bypass hole. In the unloading cavity there is a spring-loaded anchor with a unloading valve rigidly mounted at the end and connected semi-rigidly to the main valve by means of a pin, and the unloading valve seals the outlet of the valve through the unloading seat made on the main valve. When voltage is applied to the electromagnet coil, the armature with the unloading gate moves, compresses the spring and opens the passage for the working fluid to exit the valve through the seat of the unloading gate made on the main gate. A pin installed in the armature moves inside the groove of the main gate until it contacts the wall of the groove. The pressure of the working fluid in the discharge cavity of the electromagnet drops, the main shutter rises, opening the main passage for the working fluid to exit the valve and allowing the armature to select the entire stroke. When the voltage is removed from the electromagnet coil, the spring is decompressed, and the armature with the unloading valve installed at its end sits on the unloading seat made on the main valve. The valve is closed, the ends of the pin occupy an intermediate position in the groove of the main shut-off element. In the absence of pressure from the working fluid, the main valve is torn off from the seat using a pin.

This design is workable, but has a number of disadvantages:

- the stroke of the armature of this design depends on the depth of penetration of the seats into the sealing surfaces of the unloading and main valves. Increasing the armature stroke increases the opening time of the EC;

- deformation - collapse of the cylindrical surface of the pins when the valve is opened (due to the large specific pressure on the contact area of the main valve and the cylindrical surface of the pin), which leads to instability of the values of the EC parameters, namely resistance and response time due to changes in the stroke of the main valve;

- the appearance of multiple seat marks on the contacting surface of the unloading gate due to the cantilever arrangement of the unloading gate at the end of the armature and, as a consequence, the appearance of leaks along the unloading gate;

- poor repairability of the EC due to the need to replace a large number of components and parts due to the impossibility of modifying the contacting surface of the unloading gate to remove prints and other defects due to the fastening of the unloading gate and the pin in the armature.

An electromagnetic valve (EC) is known (see RF Patent No. 2593731 C1, published 2016), taken as a prototype of the invention. In this valve, in contrast to the well-known design of the previous valve, everything is aimed at eliminating the previously mentioned disadvantages:

- to improve the tightness of the cantilever reduction, the unloading saddle was placed in the central part of the anchor;

- on the outer surface of the armature, protruding from the electromagnet, there is a groove for kinematic connection with the main gate, in the annular groove of which a locking ring is installed, and a damping spring is installed between the armature and the main gate;

- a damping spring provides braking of the armature when closing the EC. The use of a locking ring for the kinematic connection of the armature and the main shutter increases the contact area between the surfaces when opening the EC, which leads to stabilization of the parameters when the EC is activated;

- when closing the EC, the anchor has the possibility of axial movement relative to the unloading valve located on the saddle, and moves further towards the closure, compressing the damping spring installed between it and the main valve, as a result of which the kinetic energy of the armature does not affect the depth of penetration of the saddle into the contacting surface of the unloading shutter The free installation of the unloading valve in the armature makes the EC repairable during manufacture without replacing a large number of parts;

- the location of the unloading valve with a seat in one guide hole and in the central part of the armature eliminates the possibility of creating multiple prints on the contacting surface of the unloading valve and the appearance of leaks.

However, this solenoid valve has a significant drawback - due to the small armature stroke, it is impossible to increase the flow area. An increase in the flow area increases the armature stroke with an increase in the power of the electromagnet, increasing the dimensions and, accordingly, the weight of the EC.

The present invention is aimed at eliminating this drawback: increasing the flow area to the maximum possible for the electromagnet used in the prototype without significantly increasing the dimensions and weight of the solenoid valve or reducing the dimensions and weight without changing the flow area.

For this purpose, in contrast to the known design of the prototype valve, in the proposed electromagnetic valve the part of the armature protruding from the frame is made of a larger diameter and hermetically covers the outer surface of the main valve and is connected to it and also to a retaining ring. In addition, the outer surface of the armature is located in the guide hole of the housing and is sealed in it, and the distance from the end of the transition from a large diameter to a smaller one to the end of the frame is the maximum stroke of the armature. The frame has a through hole into which the anchor and stop are installed, and when voltage is applied to the electromagnet plug, the armature is retracted, opening the shutter from the unloading seat, and after the anchor is attracted to the stop, they continue to move together from the force caused by the pressure difference of the working fluid at the inlet and the pressure in the frame acting on the surface of the main valve and the anchor sealed in the body. The internal cavity of the electromagnet behind the stop is closed with a lid, and a spacer is installed between the lid and the stop - a support for the spring that presses the stop away from the spacer. The spacer has an axial hole for the passage of a rod rigidly connected to the stop through the spacer. The rod has a thread for a screwed-in adjusting nut by rotation, which sets the gap from the armature to the foot, and for which there is an additional spring between the stop and the spacer. The anchor and the stop move, compressing the spring located between the stop and the spacer, until the end of the large diameter of the anchor reaches the end of the frame. When the voltage is removed from the electromagnet winding from the forces of the springs, the valve will close.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a general view of the solenoid valve.

The electromagnetic valve consists of a body 1 with a main seat 2 and pipes 3 and 4, an electromagnet 5 with a frame 6 and an armature 7 with a bypass hole 8 and a seal 9 on the large diameter of the armature, and a stop 10, a main valve 11 with a retaining ring 12, a relief seat 13, unloading valve 14, spring 15 installed in the stop 10, spacer 16, additional spring 17, cover 18, adjusting nut 19 screwed onto the rod 20, rigidly connected to the stop 10, a damping spring 21 is installed in the main valve 11.

When the working fluid is supplied through the tip of the solenoid valve, it enters through the bypass hole 8 into the unloading cavity, which is separated from the outlet cavity by the main gate 11 with seat 2 and the unloading gate 14 on seat 13, made on the main gate 11. When voltage is applied to the electromagnet, armature 7 is attracted to the stop 10 and with its shoulder lifts the unloading valve 14 from the unloading seat 13, and compresses the spring 15. The pressure of the working fluid in the unloading cavity drops and a force appears from the action of the input pressure on the area limited by the seat 2 and the sealing ring 9, which tears the main valve 11 from seat 2. The valve opens, the force from the pressure continues to move the armature, and the stop, which, compressing the spring 17, moves, increasing the stroke of the armature until the latter stops at the end of the frame 6, and is held in this position by the force obtained from the difference between the input pressure and the pressure inside the frame, as well as from the magnetic force of attraction of the end of the armature to the end of the frame. In the absence of input pressure of the working fluid, the armature 7 lifts the main valve 11 from the seat 2 using the locking ring 12 until the armature stops.

When the stress is removed, the anchor 7 is torn away from the stop 10 under the action of the spring 15, the unloading valve 14 sits on the unloading saddle 13 and blocks the exit of the working fluid from the unloading cavity. The pressure in the unloading cavity becomes equal to the inlet pressure, a difference appears at the main valve 11, which sits on seat 2. The valve is closed.

The use of the invention makes it possible to increase the flow area of the valve without significantly increasing the dimensions and weight of the valve.

Claims (1)

An electromagnetic valve containing: a housing with a main seat, an electromagnet, spring-loaded main and unloading valves, an armature kinematically connected to the main valve, at the other end of which there is a unloading seat located in the central part of the armature hole, a damper spring, and characterized in that part armature with a bypass hole protruding from the electromagnet has an outer surface of a larger diameter, hermetically sealed in the guide hole of the housing, and a guide hole covering and hermetically connected along the outer diameter, the main shutter and the distance from the end of the transition of the large diameter of the armature to the small one to the end of the electromagnet coil is equal to the maximum stroke of the anchor with a movable stop, which moves together with the anchor from the action of the input pressure on the moving surfaces when the unloading seat is opened and the pressure in the frame is released, and the gap between the anchor and the stop is adjusted by a nut installed at the end of a threaded rod rigidly connected to the stop and passing through the additional spring, and exiting through the axial hole in the spacer.

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