RU2809605C1 - Method for evacuation of emergency wheeled vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the evacuation of emergency wheeled vehicles. A method for evacuating an emergency wheeled vehicle by moving it using an evacuation device consisting of replaceable electric motor-wheels replacing the vehicle wheels, an autonomous power supply, a control system and a braking system, with the ability to create traction and rotation for the said movement of the vehicle. First remove from the vehicle axle beam hubs and the main gear, cross-axle differential, axle shafts and drive wheels of the vehicle connected through the gearbox to the engine. The electric motor-wheels are installed in place of the wheels on the hubs. The motor-wheels are electrically connected to the energy source and control system. The parts connected to the axle shafts with hubs are braked using the standard means of the emergency vehicle - the engine, transmission, braking system and control system. Ensure the immobility of parts relative to the bridge beam. The control system and the electric drive of the electric motor wheels are put into operation. The emergency vehicle is moved to another geographical location.

EFFECT: simplification of the re-equipment of an emergency vehicle for its evacuation while preventing rotation of the hubs by the reactive torque of the electric motor-wheels.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ground-based trackless transport systems, with the ability to evacuate emergency wheeled vehicles.

Until now, the problem of evacuating an emergency wheeled or tracked vehicle has been solved “traditionally” in one of three ways:

- towed by another vehicle (vehicle) using a flexible or rigid towing connection (coupling device), which requires a relatively powerful power plant of the vehicle and high adhesion qualities of its propulsion, not to mention the presence of such a vehicle in a specific situation or its economic or other inefficiency delivery to an emergency vehicle;

- they deliver a tow truck under their own power, load the emergency vehicle onto it, fix it and transport it “on themselves”, which is characterized by almost the same disadvantages;

- deliver a repair team to the vehicle with the necessary spare parts, equipment and tools, repair the vehicle at a sufficient level until it can be independently moved to a full-fledged repair service, which is not always possible for tactical reasons and is also costly.

However, recently, with significant technical progress in the field of electric drives using motor-wheels, methods for evacuating vehicles under their own power have been developed with the preliminary “transplantation” of a serviceable traction device on them, temporarily replacing the vehicle’s own emergency traction device.

This was facilitated by such technical proposals as [1. A kit to turn any car into a hybrid. - URL: https://habr.com/ru/post/148622/27.07.2012], which, however, do not address the problem of evacuation of ground vehicles.

A very similar analogue to the claimed device in terms of the set of essential design features and functional features is a ground transport complex containing a car with a supporting structure, four removable wheels and an interior with seats installed in it, as well as a single-seater scooter (unicycle) with a frame and an axle for installing one wheel , temporarily removed from the said car, and mounted on the frame with a T-shaped stand to support the user’s hands (“steering wheel”), with the possibility of being placed in a passive transport, wheelless state in the car [2. US 9,211,932 B1, IPC (2006.01) B60R 9/10, D62K 13/00, B62K 1/00, B62K 11/00, B62K 17/00, B60V 19/02, 12/15/2015; Ford patented a transforming wheel. URL: http://autorambler.ru/iournal/events/ford-zapatentoval-koleso-transformer-560993391/?utm_campaign=self_promo&utm_term=head&utm_medium=news&utm_source=rambler&utm_content=autorambler].

In it, the scooter in its wheelless passive transport position is placed in the luggage compartment behind the rear row of car seats, the scooter seat is made in the form of a motorcycle-type saddle and is installed, with fixation, on the frame, non-rotating in azimuth, in the longitudinal front, that is, oriented to the T-shaped emphasis, position, with the possibility of placing the user either inside the car on a car seat, or outside the car on the seat (saddle) of a scooter.

However, with all the positive qualities of such a transport complex (which has received a noticeable information resonance), it should also be noted such a drawback as the partial implementation of technical and operational capabilities, primarily in terms of unification, versatility and compactness of the complex: a frame with a seat-saddle and a “protruding » The T-shaped support (“handlebar”) takes up scarce space in the luggage compartment most of the time the complex is in use and creates layout inconveniences, makes the complex heavier, and when using the scooter for its intended purpose, on the contrary, from one to all car seats is not used for its intended purpose inside the car; The necessary (recommended) headrests in the upper part of the back of car seats according to the conditions and/or requirements of ergonomics and safety are also single-functional, and their number corresponds to the number of seats in the cabin; the level of unification is not high enough.

An analogue even closer to the claimed method in terms of purpose and set of essential features (sequence of operations) is a method of evacuating an emergency vehicle by moving it to another geographical point using an evacuation device consisting of replaceable motor-wheels replacing the vehicle's wheels and an autonomous power source (AIPS) with control system, with the ability to create traction and rotation for the said movement of the machine [3. RU 2 724 194 C1, B60D 1/00, 06/22/2020].

In this case, the AIEP with the control system is placed uniquely on the emergency vehicle. However, since the weight and size indicators of the AIEP and the design of the vehicle required to move an emergency vehicle, the mass of which usually exceeds 1.5 tons, make it problematic to additionally install such auxiliary evacuation equipment directly on it, we have to admit that the tactical-technical (TT, for military equipment) and technical - operational (TE, for civil equipment) capabilities of the prototype method. Despite the positive technical result of its use.

Further, although the developer and patent holder of this analogue method is the Military Academy of Logistics, the issue of providing an emergency vehicle with an evacuation device remains open (it is unclear where the crew of the emergency vehicle (or repair team) gets the specified evacuation device. By default, it is it must be assumed that they are either constantly transported by this vehicle (more precisely, on each vehicle, since each vehicle is potentially an emergency vehicle), which requires significant additional volumes and carrying capacity and is economically expensive, or they are brought as cargo on an auxiliary production vehicle (for example, UA3-469) , which is also excessively expensive.

In the source of information [3], along with the method, a device for its implementation is also proposed (clause 2 of the formula), including a means for creating traction force and auxiliary equipment, and, respectively, in the form of motor wheels and an automatic power supply system with a control unit plus the electrical interconnection of the listed components evacuation devices.

However, the applicant sees a device (“Ground Transport Complex”), which is an electric wheeled ground vehicle (VV) with a motor wheel, frame, seat, as a closer analog device for implementing the proposed method in terms of the set of essential design features and functional features , AIEP, control system and temporary connection device with the machine (in the cabin) [4. RU 2721640 C1, B60R 9/10, V60R 3/06, B62D 63/00, 05/21/2020].

Despite the dissimilarity of purpose (it has nothing to do with the evacuation of a vehicle), the vehicle and the vehicle use common replaceable motor-wheels (usually one “unicycle” with a gyro-stabilization device), with the possibility of alternately moving the vehicle and the vehicle “landed” from it for more mobile ones user movements. AIEP. The complex is divided into two parts - the side part for moving the vehicle and the side part of the vehicle, which is relatively small in weight and dimensions. The device for interconnecting the vehicle and the “mother” (in relation to the vehicle) vehicle is made in the form of a landing part of the vehicle frame on the floor of the vehicle interior, plus fasteners.

In such a transport system, a temporarily “resting” vehicle without part of the wheels can be conditionally considered as an “emergency” vehicle, since it cannot move in this state. In turn, the “scooter” vehicle on its way back (return to the car) can conditionally be considered “delivery of the motor-wheel” to the “emergency” car. In this case, the frame and other auxiliary equipment are placed in the cabin of the car as a dual-functional device.

However, such a transport system is initially completely electrified (the car and the vehicle are electrically driven), and the vehicle has to be transported by car constantly. Such a device is not sufficiently adapted to solve evacuation problems, especially in the military field.

At the same time, a typical device is known for wheel axles (including drive axles) of cars [5. Bridges of cars and trucks: classification, design and purpose. - URL: https://dr1ver.ru/6491-mosty-kolesnyh-mashin.html], and electric motor-wheels (wheels with electric motors built into them, usually with a gear part at the output) [6. Motor-wheel. - URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0 %B5%D1%81%D0%BE]; [7. Design and calculation of electric motor wheels / A.I. Yakovlev. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1978. - URL: https://www.bibliofond.ru/view.aspx?id=520666].

There is also a known method of “anti-roll” braking (stopping, immobilizing) the driving wheels of a car, with the corresponding variants of devices for its implementation - either parking or transmission (central) on the gearbox shaft, for example, the Soviet cars GAZ-51A, GAZ-53A, ZIL- 130, Moskvich-412 and M-21 “Volga”, with manual drive [8. Manual transmission shoe brake of drum type - URL: https://stroy-technics.ru; 9. Brake device. - URL: https://www.carshistory.ru].

The closest to the claimed method (prototype method) in terms of its intended purpose and essential features is the method of evacuation of an emergency wheeled vehicle by moving it using an evacuation device consisting of replaceable electric motor-wheels replacing the machine's wheels, an autonomous power supply, a control system and a braking system, with the possibility of creating traction and rotation for the said movement of the machine, having previously removed from the axle of the machine containing the beam, the hubs and connected through the gearbox to the engine the main gear, the cross-axle differential and axle shafts, the drive wheels of the machine and installing the mentioned electric motor-wheels in their place on the hubs, electrically connecting them with the mentioned energy source and control system, putting into operation the control system and the electric drive of the electric motor wheels, and thus moving the emergency vehicle to another geographical point [10. RU 2739828 C1, IPC B60D 1/00, 12/28/2020].

In the prototype method, the electric motor-wheels are installed on an emergency wheeled vehicle instead of its “native” driving or driven wheels. At the same time, the implementation of the method is considered using the example of “abstract” standard designs of a passenger car with a 4x2 wheel arrangement and electric motor-wheels.

However, the prototype method has a drawback: when replacing the drive wheels of an emergency vehicle (car), accompanied by the stationary fastening of the electric motor-wheels with their “stator” parts on the hubs, the reactive torque on the electric motor-wheels can exceed the total moment of resistance to rotation of the axle shafts with the entire transmission and internal combustion engine. As a result, the traction torque (active) will not be realized. And the installation of the “stator” part of the electric motor-wheel on the “fixed” beam of the bridge is very problematic, especially when interference with the design of the machine is prohibited (“by default” - a ban from the manufacturer of the machine). In any case, the complexity of the design of the evacuation complex is obvious.

The task (problem) to be solved by the claimed invention is to simplify the conversion of an emergency wheeled vehicle for its evacuation by replacing the drive wheels with electric motor-wheels, preventing rotation of the hubs by the reactive torque of the electric motor-wheels.

The technical result in accordance with the task (problem) is achieved due to the fact that in the method of evacuation of an emergency wheeled vehicle by moving it using an evacuation device consisting of replaceable electric motor-wheels replacing the machine wheels, an autonomous power supply, a control system and a braking system, with the ability to create traction and rotation for the said movement of the machine, having previously removed from the axle of the machine containing the beam, the hubs and the main gear connected through the gearbox to the engine, the cross-axle differential and axle shafts, the driving wheels of the machine and installing the mentioned electric motor-wheels in their place on the hubs , electrically connecting them with the mentioned energy source and control system, putting into operation the control system and the electric drive of the electric motor-wheels, and thus moving the emergency vehicle to another geographical point, according to the claimed invention, before starting the electric motor-wheels into operation, the parts connected with axle shafts with hubs, using the standard equipment of the emergency vehicle - in the general case, the engine, transmission, brake system and control system, thereby ensuring their immobility relative to the bridge beam.

The technical result is also achieved due to additional essential features (with the main set of essential features formulated above) of the method:

- parts associated with axle shafts with hubs can inhibit the engagement of a low gear in the gearbox (this is a special case of a means of preventing the rotation of the stator parts of the electric motor wheels);

- parts associated with axle shafts with hubs can be inhibited by turning on the central (transmission, parking) brake provided in the transmission (this is another special case of a means of preventing the rotation of the stator parts of the electric motor wheels);

- parts associated with axle shafts with hubs can be inhibited by turning on the parking provided in the transmission (this is also another special case of a means of preventing the rotation of the stator parts of the electric motor wheels);

- parts associated with axle shafts with hubs can be braked by engaging a low gear in the gearbox and the mentioned brakes provided in the transmission (this further expands the capabilities of the method to the greatest extent, making it possible to guarantee that the axle beam provides reactive moments on the stators of the electric motor wheels).

Among the array of known methods and devices, no ones have been found whose set of essential features would coincide with the claimed set of features of the method. At the same time, it is precisely due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved, which determines that the claimed method has the qualification feature “world level of novelty”.

The set of distinctive essential features of the proposed method is not a simple sum of the known technical results of using separately known sequences of operations or components of the transport system.

There is a “super-effect” (in the patent meaning of this term), which is not obvious to a specialist from the achieved level of technology (of course, before considering the proposed technical solution). With the above range of new possibilities. This convincingly demonstrates the inventive level of development as the second of the triad of qualifying features of an invention.

The third qualification, industrial applicability, is also undeniable and stems, first of all, from the same vast experience in the design, production, operation and repair of motor vehicles).

The essence of the invention is revealed in more detail in the implementation example below (a generalized case - with any possible and available means of braking (stopping) axle shafts with axle hubs or a set of means, and is illustrated (Fig. 1, 2):

Figure 1 shows a general view of one of the typical drive axles of a wheeled vehicle, with fragments of the transmission and suspension, with the drive wheels removed (dismantled);

figure 2 - drive axle of a wheeled vehicle (car) with temporarily installed electric motor wheels, plan view (top).

In this case, the device for implementing the proposed method is not considered as original, is not included in the scope of the applicant’s legal “claims”, and is based on well-known, standard designs of a wheeled vehicle (vehicle) [5] and an electric motor-wheel [6], [7]. The main thing is the general “geometry” of the seats of the “original” wheels and the electric motor wheels temporarily installed in their place.

The positions in FIG. 1, 2 are marked:

1 - wheeled vehicle to be evacuated; 2 - internal combustion engine (ICE); 3 - gearbox (Gearbox); 4 - low gear in gearbox; 5 - main gear (GP); 6 - parking or central (transmission) brake in the gearbox; 7 - cross-axle differential; 8 - axle shafts (2 pieces - left 8l and right 8p); 9 - hubs (2 pcs. - left 9l and right 9p); 10 - drive axle beam; 11 - autonomous power supply (AIPS) of the electric motor-wheels; 12 - electric motor-wheels (2 pieces - left 12l and right 12p); 13 - gear part of the electric motor-wheel (using the example of a single-row planetary gearbox with a fixed epicycle and power removal from the carrier); 14 - electric motor-wheel control system (SU); 15 - brakes of driving wheels.

The inventive method, in connection with the given graphic image as an example (see Figs. 1, 2) and the specified exemplary device for implementing the method, can be described as follows, as a certain original sequence of operations with material means on material objects:

- the “original” wheels are removed (dismantled) from the drive axle (for example, rear) of the emergency wheeled vehicle 1, suspended by a jack(s), even if they are in good condition, as a result of which the bridge takes on the appearance shown in Fig. 1;

- on the vacant seats (on hubs 9l, 9p with studs) install and firmly fix (screw with nuts) electric motor-wheels 12l, 12p, in this example - by their “stator” part with freedom of rotation of the “rotor” part with the planetary gear part 13 , rim and tire (see Fig. 2), and it does not matter whether such replacement of wheels will be carried out according to the scheme “remove two wheels, install two electric motor-wheels” or “replace each wheel sequentially”;

- connect the electric motor-wheels 12L, 12P mounted on hubs 9L, 9P with a source of electrical energy (their power supply - AIEP) 11 and their control system (CS) 14;

- brake (stop, lock, immobilize) the parts associated with the drive gear of the main gear using the standard means of the emergency vehicle 1 - in the general case, engine 2, transmission (drive from the internal combustion engine 2 to the drive wheels), brake system and control system 14 (providing it prevents the rotation of the axle shafts 8l, 8p with hubs 9l, 9p, specifically by setting the same rotation of the motor wheels 12p, 12l), thereby ensuring their immobility (impossibility of rotation) relative to the bridge beam 10 (and hence the implementation of the traction torque on the electric motor). wheels 12l, 12p) [this is a key operation], while the sequence of the last two operations can be reversed, and in special cases of the method, axle shafts 8l, 8p with hubs 9l, 9p can be braked (through the mentioned parts associated with them)

or by engaging low gear 4 in gearbox 3,

or by turning on the central (transmission) brake,

or by turning on parking 6 (if available, which in this case is preferable and recommended),

or by turning on the stopping brakes 15 with the driving wheels,

or by engaging low gear 4 in gearbox 3 and the mentioned brakes together;

- the SU 14 and the electric drive of the electric motor-wheels 12l, 12p are put into operation, and thereby the emergency vehicle 1 is moved (it is evacuated in autonomous mode).

The motion modes of the machine 1 are set taking into account possible (predetermined in advance during the implementation of the method) restrictions on the dynamic moment of resistance to rotation of the “stator” parts of the electric motor-wheels 12l, 12p, as well as the dynamic overturning moment acting on the machine 1 from the side of the electric motor-wheels 12.

Thus, to evacuate the machine 1 (move it under its own power to another geographical point), evacuation devices are used, consisting of replaceable electric motor-wheels 12 replacing the machine wheels, as well as an AIEP 11 with a control system 14, with the ability to create traction and rotation for the said movement of the machine 1.

The rotation of the machine 1 is carried out by turning the “native” driven driven wheels and/or differentiated control of the rotation speeds of the rotors of the electric motor wheels 12l, 12p (via control system 14).

Braking of machine 1 is carried out due to the brakes of the driven wheels (not shown) and/or by electric braking in the electric motor-wheels 12l, 12p through the control unit 14 and/or brake devices built into the electric motor-wheels 12l, 12p (not shown).

Upon completion of the evacuation of the vehicle, 1 electric motor-wheels 12L, 12P and AIEP 11 with SU 14 and tools are returned to their place, with the possibility of repeated use for the specified purpose.

The specific example(s) of the method described do not exclude other possible examples within the claimed set of essential features (see the claims).

The use of the claimed invention allows us to solve the problem by simplifying the re-equipment of an emergency vehicle for its evacuation by replacing the drive wheels with electric motor-wheels, preventing rotation of the hubs by the reactive torque of the electric motor-wheels.

Claims (5)

1. A method for evacuating an emergency wheeled vehicle by moving it using an evacuation device consisting of replaceable electric motor-wheels replacing the vehicle wheels, an autonomous power supply, a control system and a braking system, with the ability to create traction and rotation for the said movement of the vehicle, having previously removed it from the bridge a machine containing a beam, hubs and connected through a gearbox to the engine, a main gear, a cross-axle differential and axle shafts, the drive wheels of the machine and installing the mentioned electric motor-wheels in their place on the hubs, electrically connecting them to the mentioned energy source and control system, putting them into operation control system and electric drive of the electric motor-wheels, and thus moving the emergency vehicle to another geographical point, characterized in that before starting the electric motor-wheels into operation, the parts associated with the axle shafts with hubs are braked using the standard means of the emergency vehicle - in the general case engine, transmission, brake system and control system, thereby ensuring their immobility relative to the bridge beam. 2. The evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts connected to the axle shafts with hubs are braked by engaging a low gear in the gearbox. 3. The evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts connected to the axle shafts with hubs are braked by turning on the central brake provided in the transmission. 4. The evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts associated with the axle shafts with hubs are braked by turning on the parking provided in the transmission. 5. The evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts connected to the axle shafts with hubs are braked by engaging a low gear in the gearbox and a central brake provided in the transmission.