RU2808683C1 - Engine exhaust gas purification system for autonomous power plant operating in closed cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: exhaust purification.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to exhaust gas purification systems for engines of autonomous power plants operating in a closed cycle. In the scrubber cavity, as the exhaust gases move from bottom to top, the exhaust gases pass through the foaming zone 20, located above the slotted plates 4. To form foam, an aqueous neutralizing solution in the form of lime milk is supplied to the foaming zone 20 from a horizontal perforated pipe 5 along the supply line of an aqueous neutralizing solution 6 from a dosing tank 7, which is collected on slotted plates 4 installed in the middle part of the scrubber cavity 1. Exhaust gases from the engine 21 entering through the exhaust gas supply line 2, due to the high pressure created by the compressor 15, pass through the slots of the slotted plates 4 and churn the solution of an aqueous neutralizing solution (lime milk) into foam in the foaming zone 20. Due to the formation of lime milk foam, the contact area of the reacting media in the foaming zone 20 increases sharply, which increases the efficiency of the reaction between the exhaust gases and the aqueous neutralizing solution for removing carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of the engine 21 of a power plant operating in a closed cycle.

EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of the reaction between exhaust gases and an aqueous neutralizing solution to remove carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of a power plant engine, safety of work of maintenance personnel with the neutralizing solution and a decrease in the humidity of the purified exhaust gases.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to exhaust gas purification systems for engines of autonomous power plants operating in a closed cycle.

An apparatus for wet gas purification is known, containing a housing with an inlet pipe in the lower part, a pipe for the outlet of purified gas in the upper part, a perforated support grid with a layer of nozzle mounted on a rod with the possibility of vertical movement, an irrigation device placed above the nozzle, a loading nozzle dispenser , located in the upper part of the body, and a louvered water trap mounted on a rod under the support grille, while the support grille has a conical surface with an angle of repose equal to the angle of repose of the nozzle, and the inlet pipe is connected tangentially (RF Patent No. 2054306, published on July 14 .1992).

The disadvantage of this device is the relatively low degree of efficiency of exhaust gas cleaning and the need to periodically replace the nozzle.

An apparatus for purifying gases is known, containing a housing with an inlet tangential pipe, sprinklers and a pan with a drain hole, while on the inner surface of the housing there are protrusions of a triangular profile along a helical line, and the angle at the apex of the protrusion is chosen such that the liquid film goes around it many times (Patent RF No. 2179058, published on February 10, 2002, Bulletin No. 4).

The disadvantage of this device is its low cleaning efficiency compared to bubble scrubbers and the lack of effective absorption of carbon dioxide due to the use of water for exhaust gas cleaning.

A known device is a foam scrubber (bubbling-foam apparatus) for purifying gases from harmful impurities, which includes a foaming zone located inside the scrubber body and consisting of a layer of solution through which the purified gases pass under pressure, while an increase in the flow rate of the purified gas leads to an increase in the velocity of gases in the scrubber body and, accordingly, an increase in the height of the foam layer in the foam formation zone of the scrubber, which improves the reaction conditions between the contacting media (RF Patent No. 2317846, published on February 27, 2008, Bulletin No. 6).

A known system for purifying engine exhaust gases of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle, including a container for storing a dry neutralizing agent, a dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution, a line for supplying a dry neutralizing agent from a container for storing it to a dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution solution, a line for supplying heated cooling water from the engine of an autonomous power plant to a dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution with a control valve located on it, a contact heat exchanger for cleaning the exhaust gases of the engine of an autonomous power plant with an aqueous neutralizing solution, a supply line for an aqueous neutralizing solution with a circulation pump from a dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution in a contact heat exchanger, a supply line for exhaust gases from the engine of an autonomous power plant to a contact heat exchanger, a line for supplying purified exhaust gases from a contact heat exchanger to the engine of an autonomous power plant for use in a closed cycle of a power plant, a chemical drain line dirty aqueous neutralizing solution with a circulation pump from a contact heat exchanger into a storage (tank) of a chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution (RF Patent No. 2766659, publ. dated 03/15/2022, Bulletin. No. 8).

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the low efficiency of the reaction between the exhaust gases and the aqueous neutralizing solution in the form of a small contact area of the reacting media and the use of an aqueous solution of urea to neutralize harmful components of the exhaust gases of the engine of an autonomous power plant, which is effective for removing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, but is not effective to remove carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) from the exhaust gases, high humidity of the purified exhaust gases, while the preparation of an aqueous solution of urea requires precise dosage and the adoption of special precautions - gloves, respirators and safety glasses for operating personnel.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the invention is to increase the efficiency of the reaction between exhaust gases and an aqueous neutralizing solution to remove carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of a power plant engine, the safety of operating personnel with the neutralizing solution and reducing the humidity of purified exhaust gases supplied into the engine of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle.

To achieve this technical result, a system for purifying engine exhaust gases of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle, including a container for storing a dry neutralizing agent, a dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution, a line for supplying a dry neutralizing agent from a storage container to a dispenser container for the preparation of an aqueous neutralizing solution, a line for supplying heated cooling water from the engine of an autonomous power plant to a dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution with a control valve located on it, a contact heat exchanger for cleaning the exhaust gases of the engine of an autonomous power plant with an aqueous neutralizing solution, a supply line for an aqueous neutralizing solution solution with a circulation pump from a dosing container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution into a contact heat exchanger, a supply line for exhaust gases from the engine of an autonomous power plant to a contact heat exchanger, a supply line for purified exhaust gases from a contact heat exchanger into the engine of an autonomous power plant for use in a closed cycle of a power plant , a line for draining a chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution with a circulation pump from a contact heat exchanger into a storage facility for a chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution, equipped with a contact heat exchanger for cleaning the exhaust gases of an autonomous power plant engine, made in the form of a cylindrical scrubber, the lower part of which ends in a truncated cone, inside the cavity of the scrubber, a droplet eliminator-dryer is installed in its upper part; in the middle part of the scrubber cavity there are slotted plates, above which a horizontal perforated pipe is installed, connected to the supply line of the aqueous neutralizing solution from the dosing container, by a compressor located on the supply line of the exhaust gases from the engine of the autonomous power plant installation in the scrubber, connected to the scrubber in its lower part under the slotted plates, while the supply line of purified exhaust gases from the scrubber to the engine of the autonomous power plant is connected to the scrubber above the level of the droplet eliminator-dryer, the line for draining the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution from the scrubber into the chemically dirty storage aqueous neutralizing solution is connected to the lower part of the scrubber in the area of the bottom of the truncated cone, slaked lime is used as a dry neutralizing substance, and lime milk is used as an aqueous neutralizing solution, obtained in a dosing container by mixing water and slaked lime using a mixing device installed inside the dispenser container.

Introduction into the engine exhaust gas purification system of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle, a contact heat exchanger made in the form of a cylindrical scrubber, the lower part of which ends in a truncated cone; a droplet eliminator-dryer is installed inside the scrubber cavity in its upper part, in the middle part of the cavity The scrubber contains slotted plates, above which a horizontal perforated pipe is installed, connected to the supply line of an aqueous neutralizing solution from a dispenser tank, a compressor located on the exhaust gas supply line from the engine of an autonomous power plant to the scrubber, connected to the scrubber in its lower part under the slotted plates , a line for supplying purified exhaust gases from the scrubber to the engine of an autonomous power plant, connected to the scrubber above the level of the droplet eliminator-dryer, a line for draining the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution from the scrubber into the storage of the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution, connected to the lower part of the scrubber in the bottom area of the truncated cone, as well as the use of slaked lime as a dry neutralizing agent and the use of lime milk as an aqueous neutralizing solution, obtained in a dispenser container by mixing water and slaked lime using a mixing device installed inside the dispenser container, allows one to obtain a new property, consisting in the possibility of forming a foaming zone above the slotted plates due to the passage of exhaust gases supplied under pressure from a compressor located on the exhaust gas supply line through lime milk - an aqueous neutralizing solution, which enters the foaming zone through a horizontal perforated pipe, which increases the efficiency of the reaction between the exhaust gases gases and an aqueous neutralizing solution to remove carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of the engine of a power plant by increasing the contact area of the reacting media in the foaming zone and using lime milk to remove carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of the engine of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle, reducing humidity purified exhaust gases supplied to the engine of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle, due to the use of a droplet eliminator-dryer in the upper part of the scrubber to capture water vapor emerging from the foaming zone as part of the purified exhaust gases, as well as increasing the safety of operating personnel with the neutralizing agent solution due to the use of an aqueous solution of slaked lime - lime milk, which has a low level of chemical impact on operating personnel - as a neutralizing solution.

The present invention is illustrated by a drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the engine exhaust gas purification system of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle, where:

1 - scrubber (contact heat exchanger for cleaning exhaust gases from the engine of an autonomous power plant);

2 - lines for supplying exhaust gases from the engine of an autonomous power plant to the scrubber;

3 - line for supplying purified exhaust gases from the scrubber to the engine of an autonomous power plant;

4 - slotted plates;

5 - horizontal perforated pipe for supplying an aqueous neutralizing solution (lime milk);

6 - line for supplying an aqueous neutralizing solution from a dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution into the scrubber;

7 - dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution - lime milk;

8 - container for storing dry neutralizing substance (slaked lime);

9 - control valve for the supply line of heated cooling water from the engine of the autonomous power plant to the dispenser container;

10 - droplet eliminator-dryer;

11 - lower part of the scrubber in the form of a truncated cone;

12 - line for draining the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution from the scrubber into the storage of the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution;

13 - circulation pump of the line for draining the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution from the scrubber into the storage of the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution;

14 - storage of chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution (tank for exhaust gas purification products);

15 - compressor;

16 - mixing device;

17 - line for supplying dry neutralizing substance (slaked lime) from the storage container to the dispenser container;

18 - line for supplying heated cooling water from the engine of the autonomous power plant to the dispenser container;

19 - control hatch;

20 - foaming zone;

21 - engine of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle;

22 - circulation pump for the supply line of the aqueous neutralizing solution (lime milk).

The proposed system for purifying engine exhaust gases of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle operates as follows.

The exhaust gas supply line 2 from the engine 21 of the autonomous power plant is connected to the scrubber 1 in its lower part under the slotted plates 4, through which exhaust gases are supplied from the engine 21 to the scrubber 1.

In the scrubber cavity, as the exhaust gases move from bottom to top, the exhaust gases pass through the foaming zone 20, located above the slotted plates 4. To form foam, an aqueous neutralizing solution in the form of lime milk is supplied to the foaming zone 20 from a horizontal perforated pipe 5, which is collected on the slotted plates plates 4 installed in the middle part of the scrubber cavity 1. An aqueous neutralizing solution in the form of lime milk is fed into a horizontal perforated pipe 5 along the supply line of an aqueous neutralizing solution 6 from a dosing container 7.

Exhaust gases from the engine 21, entering through the exhaust gas supply line 2, due to the high pressure created by the compressor 15, pass through the slots of the slotted plates 4 and “beat” the solution of an aqueous neutralizing solution (lime milk) into foam in the foaming zone 20. Due to The formation of lime milk foam sharply increases the contact area of the reacting media in the foaming zone 20, which increases the efficiency of the reaction between the exhaust gases and the aqueous neutralizing solution for removing carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of the engine 21 of a power plant operating in a closed cycle.

The chemical reaction of neutralizing carbon dioxide with lime milk:

In this case, the enthalpy of the reaction is determined as follows:

After cleaning the exhaust gases from carbon dioxide, they are supplied to the engine 21 of the autonomous power plant from the scrubber 1 through the supply line of purified exhaust gases 3, which is connected to the scrubber 1 above the level of the droplet eliminator-dryer 10. Due to the passage of purified exhaust gases through the droplet eliminator-dryer 10 , located in the upper part of the scrubber 1, captures water vapor from the purified exhaust gases leaving the foaming zone 20, which reduces the humidity of the purified exhaust gases supplied to the engine 21 of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle.

Purified and dried exhaust gases are used to organize a new cycle of an autonomous power plant.

The lower part of the scrubber 1 is made in the form of a truncated cone 11, in which the reaction products of lime milk and exhaust gases accumulate in the form of flakes (pulp) of a chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution. From the lower part of the scrubber 1, in the form of a truncated cone 11, periodically, using a circulation pump 13, along the drain line of the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution 12, connected to the lower part of the scrubber 1 in the area of the bottom of the truncated cone 11, flakes of the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution are removed from scrubber 1 in the storage of chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution 14. To assess the filling and emptying of storage 14, a control hatch 19 is used.

As noted above, lime milk is used as an aqueous neutralizing solution, obtained in a dosing container 7 by mixing water and slaked lime using a mixing device 16 installed inside the dosing container 7. For this, from a container for storing a dry neutralizing substance (slaked lime ) 8 through the dry neutralizing agent supply line 17, slaked lime is supplied to the dispenser container 7, into which water is simultaneously supplied through the heated cooling water supply line 18 from the engine 21 of the autonomous power plant. The amount of water supplied is regulated using control valve 9.

In the dispenser container 7, by mixing water and slaked lime using a mixing device 16, lime milk is formed, from which, using a circulation pump 22, through the supply line of an aqueous neutralizing solution 6, lime milk is supplied into a horizontal perforated pipe 5 into the foaming zone 20 located above slotted plates 4.

The use of an aqueous solution of slaked lime - lime milk - as a neutralizing solution, on the one hand, which has a low level of chemical impact on operating personnel, increases the safety of operating personnel working with the neutralizing solution, and on the other hand, ensures an increase in the efficiency of the reaction between exhaust gases and aqueous a neutralizing solution to remove carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of a power plant engine, since a slaked lime solution is most effective for removing carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and carbon oxides from the exhaust gases.

Sources of information taken into account when preparing the application:

1. RF Patent No. 2054306, publ. dated 07/14/1992.

2. RF Patent No. 2179058, publ. dated 10.02.2002, Bull. No. 4.

3. RF Patent No. 2317846, publ. dated 02/27/2008, Bulletin. No. 6.

4. RF Patent No. 2766659, publ. dated 03/15/2022, Bulletin. No. 8 - prototype.

Claims (1)

A system for purifying engine exhaust gases of an autonomous power plant operating in a closed cycle, including a container for storing a dry neutralizing agent, a dosing container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution, a line for supplying a dry neutralizing substance from a container for storing it into a dosing container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution , a line for supplying heated cooling water from the engine of an autonomous power plant to a dispenser container for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution with a control valve located on it, a contact heat exchanger for cleaning the exhaust gases of the engine of an autonomous power plant with an aqueous neutralizing solution, a supply line for an aqueous neutralizing solution with a circulation pump from dispenser tank for preparing an aqueous neutralizing solution into a contact heat exchanger, a supply line for exhaust gases from the engine of an autonomous power plant into a contact heat exchanger, a line for supplying purified exhaust gases from a contact heat exchanger into the engine of an autonomous power plant for use in a closed cycle of a power plant, a drain line for chemically dirty waste aqueous neutralizing solution with a circulation pump from a contact heat exchanger to a storage of a chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution, characterized in that it is equipped with a contact heat exchanger for cleaning exhaust gases of an autonomous power plant engine, made in the form of a cylindrical scrubber, the lower part of which ends in a truncated cone, inside the scrubber cavity a droplet eliminator-dryer is installed in its upper part, in the middle part of the scrubber cavity there are slotted plates, above which a horizontal perforated pipe is installed, connected to the supply line of the aqueous neutralizing solution from the dosing container, by a compressor located on the exhaust gas supply line from the engine of the autonomous power plant in the scrubber, connected to the scrubber in its lower part under the slotted plates, while the supply line of purified exhaust gases from the scrubber to the engine of the autonomous power plant is connected to the scrubber above the level of the droplet eliminator-dryer, the line for draining the chemically dirty aqueous neutralizing solution from the scrubber into the chemically dirty storage aqueous neutralizing solution is connected to the lower part of the scrubber in the area of the bottom of the truncated cone, slaked lime is used as a dry neutralizing substance, and lime milk is used as an aqueous neutralizing solution, obtained in a dosing container by mixing water and slaked lime using a mixing device installed inside the dispenser container.