RU2806560C1 - Pneumatic sower for precision seed drill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for individual sowing. The pneumatic sowing apparatus of a precision seeder includes a housing on which a hopper with a damper for adjusting the supply of seeds is rigidly mounted, inside which there is an agitator, a hollow shaft with cutouts connected to the air duct, on which a sowing drum with holes for capturing seeds and its mechanism is rotatably mounted drive, an ejector of excess seeds mounted on the body, and a device for cleaning the holes for the seeds. The hollow shaft with cutouts is rigidly fixed to the housing, on which the dispenser is also rotatably mounted. The outer and inner sides of the sowing drum are made with grooves and holes for regulating the seeds and guiding the device for cleaning the holes for the seeds, respectively. The sowing drum is hermetically sealed with a cover that can be removed and is rigidly mounted on a hollow shaft with cutouts, together with its drive mechanism. In addition, a limiter is rigidly fixed on the hollow shaft with cutouts, and a device for cleaning the holes for seeds is fixed in the lower part of the limiter. The excess seed ejector is made in the form of brushes for removing excess seeds, which are mounted on the body with the ability to move in different directions.

EFFECT: invention will make it possible to carry out more accurate sowing of seeds without gaps and doubles with a reduction in their damage.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for piece sowing.

A piece dispenser is known [RU 117249 U1, A01C 7/00 (2006.01) 06/27/2012], consisting of a housing in which a drive shaft with a rigidly attached disk is installed with the possibility of rotating the drive shaft with the disk in the housing, characterized in that along the circumference of the disk Spoons pre-pressed to it are installed, made in the shape intended for sowing seeds with the possibility of reciprocating rotational movement relative to the radial direction, which, when pressed against the sector rigidly attached to the body, ensure that the limited space between the spoon and the disk is filled with seeds, while ensuring that the seed is jammed in the limited space between the spoon and the disk and transporting the seed to the place of unloading, the stop of the spoon moves away from the sector, while the unloading moment is ensured when the stop runs towards the ejector stationary on the body; in addition, a feeder designed for feeding seeds is rigidly attached to the body. a storage device designed to dump seeds carried away by centrifugal force into a feeder.

The disadvantage of the device described above is the lack of structural elements for capturing the seed and sowing it pneumatically.

A sowing device is known [RU116005 U1, A01C 7/04 (2006.01) 05.20.2012], which includes a replaceable coulter, a housing in which the disk is installed, with through holes made in the disk, in addition, the disk is rigidly attached to the shaft with the possibility of rotation of the disk in the body, and on the inner side of the disk there is a fixed restriction plate with several or one ejector, limiting the outflow of seeds from the seed tube attached to the body, characterized in that an adjustment plate is installed between the body and the seed tube with the ability to move in the vertical direction and fix.

The disadvantage of the device described above is the lack of structural elements for capturing the seed and sowing it pneumatically.

A device for sowing is known [RU 2411710 C1, A01C 7/04 (2006.01) 02/20/2011], containing a coulter, a housing in which a disk for sowing seeds with through holes is installed, rigidly mounted on a shaft with the possibility of rotation and having a limit plate with ejectors , mounted motionlessly on the inside of the disk for sowing seeds, limiting the outflow of seeds from the seed tube, characterized in that the opener, the disk for sowing seeds and the restrictive plate are replaceable, while for nest sowing of seeds in one or more levels a disk for sowing seeds is provided with a restrictive plate with three or more seed ejectors from the holes of the disk for sowing seeds and a coulter that forms the seed bed, respectively, at one or different levels, and for single-seed sowing at one level, a disc for sowing seeds with a restrictive plate with one ejector and a coulter is provided, forming a seed bed at the same level.

The disadvantage of the device described above is the lack of structural elements for capturing the seed and sowing it pneumatically.

The closest analogue/prototype is a pneumatic sowing device [SU 440129 A1, 08/25/1974], which includes a housing on which a hopper with a damper for adjusting the supply of seeds is rigidly attached, inside of which there is a tedder, a hollow shaft with cutouts connected to the air duct, on which a sowing drum with holes for capturing seeds and its drive mechanism, an ejector of excess seeds mounted on the body, and a device for cleaning the holes for seeds are installed with the possibility of rotation.

The disadvantage of this device is the imperfect design of the seed ejector, which leads to injury, as well as poor cleaning of the sowing drum, which leads to poor sowing accuracy.

The objective of the invention is to reduce seed injury and increase sowing accuracy.

The technical result is to increase the accuracy of sowing seeds without gaps and doubles, and to reduce their injury rate.

This is achieved by applying a vacuum through the air duct to the hollow shaft, and a sowing drum is rotatably attached to the hollow shaft, on which there are holes for capturing seeds. Also on the hollow shaft with cutouts there is a limiter rigidly attached to which a device for cleaning the holes for seeds on the sowing drum is rigidly attached. The sowing drum is rigidly connected to the sowing drum drive mechanism, which is located at a distance from the hollow shaft with cutouts, and is hermetically sealed by the sowing drum cover, which in turn is located on the hollow shaft with cutouts with the possibility of rotation. To clean the sowing drum from excess seeds or dirt, replaceable brushes are installed on the body to remove excess seeds, which throw twins to the dispenser.

The essence of the pneumatic apparatus of a precision seeder will be clear from the description (Fig. 1), (Fig. 2), (Fig. 3).

Fig. 1 - Diagram of the pneumatic sowing apparatus of a precision seed drill (general view).

Fig. 2 - Diagram of the seeding drum of the pneumatic seeding device of a precision seed drill (front view).

Fig. 3 - Diagram of the seeding drum of the pneumatic seeding device of a precision seeder.

The pneumatic sowing apparatus of a precision seeder consists of: a sowing drum 1, an external groove 2, an internal groove 3, an air duct 4, brushes for removing excess seeds 5, a seed supply adjustment valve 6, a hopper 7, an edder 8, a dispenser 9, a housing 10, a limiter 11 , devices for cleaning the holes for the seeds 12, the hollow shaft with cutouts 13, the drive mechanism of the sowing drum 14, the cover of the sowing drum 15.

The pneumatic sowing apparatus of a precision seeder, figure 1, has a housing 10 on which a hopper 7 is rigidly attached, inside which there is an edder 8, which is hinged in the hopper. A seed supply adjustment damper 6 is fixed to the hopper 7 with the possibility of translational movement. A hollow shaft with cutouts 13 is rigidly fixed to the housing 10, which is connected to the air duct 4, and also a dispenser 9 is fixed with the possibility of rotation. A sowing drum 1 is fixed to the hollow shaft with cutouts 13 with the possibility of rotation, with an external groove 2 and an internal groove 3, and also a rigidly fixed limiter 11, in the lower part of which a device for cleaning the holes for seeds 12 is rigidly fixed. The sowing drum 1, figure 2, has external and internal sides made with a groove and holes to arrange the seeds and guide the seed hole cleaning device respectively. The sowing drum 1 is closed hermetically with the possibility of removing the cover from the sowing drum 15, located for rotation on a hollow shaft with cutouts 13, and is rigidly fixed to the drive mechanism of the sowing drum 14, and the hollow shaft with cutouts 13. To clean the sowing drum 1 from dirt and excess seeds, figure 3, on the housing 10 with the ability to move in different directions, namely: closer - further from the sowing drum 1 and closer - further to the row of seeds, brushes for removing excess seeds 5 are attached.

The pneumatic sowing apparatus of a precision seeder works as follows: seeds come from the hopper 7 through the seed supply adjustment valve 6 to the dispenser 9, which directs the seeds to the sowing drum 1.

Due to the vacuum in the air duct 4, through a hollow shaft with cutouts 13, the vacuum enters the sowing drum 1, hermetically connected to the cover of the sowing drum, and captures the seeds through the holes of the sowing drum 1. When the drum 1 rotates, which is carried out through the drive mechanism of the sowing drum 14, due to its groove on the outer side of the drum 1, the seeds are ordered and prepared for filling the holes of the sowing drum 1 with seeds. Due to the vacuum, seeds are attached to the holes of the sowing drum 1. In the event of the appearance of doubles, excess seeds are discharged using fixed brushes for removing excess seeds 5 into the hopper 7, which are fixed with the possibility of adjustment on the body 10, alternately on both sides of the seeds held by the vacuum. Upon reaching the rotating sowing drum 1, with seeds attached to the holes of the sowing drum 1 due to vacuum, a fixed limiter 11, the seeds fall into the area of atmospheric pressure (the vacuum disappears) and are dumped into the prepared seed bed. If necessary, the holes of the sowing drum 1 are cleaned using a device for cleaning the holes for seeds 12, which is fixedly attached to the limiter 11.

The use of a pneumatic sowing device for a precision seeder will increase the accuracy of sowing seeds and reduce their injury, which will lead to an increase in yield.

Information sources

1. RU 117249 U1, A01C 7/00 (2006.01) 06.27.2012.

2. RU 116005 U1, A01C 7/04 (2006.01) 05.20.2012.

3. RU 2411710 C1, A01C 7/04 (2006.01) 02/20/2011.

4. SU 440129 A1, 08/25/1974.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing apparatus of a precision seeding drill, including a housing on which a hopper with a damper for adjusting the supply of seeds is rigidly mounted, inside which there is an edder, a hollow shaft with cutouts connected to the air duct, on which a sowing drum with holes for capturing seeds and a mechanism is rotatably mounted its drive, an ejector of excess seeds mounted on the housing, and a device for cleaning the holes for the seeds, characterized in that the hollow shaft with cutouts is rigidly fixed to the housing, on which the dispenser is also mounted with the possibility of rotation, while the outer and inner sides of the sowing drum are made with groove and holes for arranging the seeds and directing the device for cleaning the holes for the seeds, respectively, and the sowing drum is sealed with a lid with the possibility of its removal and is rigidly fixed on the hollow shaft with cutouts, together with its drive mechanism, in addition, rigidly on the hollow shaft with cutouts a limiter is fixed, and a device for cleaning the holes for seeds is fixed in the lower part of the limiter, while the ejector of excess seeds is made in the form of brushes for removing excess seeds, which are attached to the body with the ability to move in different directions, namely: closer - further from the drum and closer - further to the row of seeds.