RU2137337C1 - Seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, seeding units for single-seed drills. SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has hollow seeding cylinder with through cells, active brush-type excessive grain deflector positioned within cylinder and adapted for cooperation with squeezing roller. Brush-type deflector serves as ejector. Conveying brush with guiding chute is mounted in seed discharge zone and driven by covering roller of seeding section. EFFECT: improved selection of single seeds and uniform distribution of seeds in furrow. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines for single grain seeders.

 Known metering device for A.S. N 375046, consisting of a can with a bottom, a horizontal seed disc and a reflector in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area.

 The disadvantage of this sowing device is that calibrated seeds must be used for sowing, in particular, single selection is not possible when two smallest seeds get into the cell.

 Also, the sowing apparatus according to A.S. N 654204, comprising a screw mounted on a shaft that is rigidly connected to a cylindrical casing provided with through-hole sowing holes, a hopper and a cylindrical screen.

 The disadvantage of this sowing apparatus is the lack of the operation of forced ejection of seeds from the cells and their subsequent cleaning, which can lead to clogging of the latter.

 As a prototype, a pneumatic metering device according to A.S. N 1271397 A1, containing a drum with through cells and an inner wave-like surface having an increased roughness. Pneumatic nozzles with brush reflectors fixed to them are installed in the seed discharge zone.

 The disadvantage of this sowing apparatus is the presence of a passive brush reflector, which does not exclude the possibility of dropping two small seeds into one in one mesh, in addition, the speed of movement of seeds through the pneumatic seed line is largely dependent on their aerodynamic properties, which worsens the uniformity of seed placement in a row.

 The purpose of the invention is to improve the piece selection of seeds and increase the uniformity of their distribution in the furrow.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that an active brush reflector of excess seeds is installed in the hollow sowing drum with through cells, working in conjunction with the squeeze roller. The brush reflector also acts as an ejector. A guide tray and a transport brush, driven by a press wheel, are installed in the seed discharge zone.

 1. The claimed technical solution - "Sowing apparatus" - meets the criterion of "Novelty technical solution." A patent information search for identifying analogues and a prototype was carried out using the funds of the KSAA, TSNTI, KGAVM and the republican library of Kazan. As a result of this, a technical solution was identified - "Pneumatic sowing apparatus" (a.s. N 1271397 A1, MKI A 01 C 7/04, 1984), taken as the closest analogue (prototype).

 2. The claimed invention meets the criterion of "industrial technical solution". On the filing date, prototypes were made and put into production in "Spark" of the Sabinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan.

3. A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution, not only with technical solutions known in the field - analogues, but also with the prototype, revealed a number of significant distinguishing features that form a new population, unknown from the "prior art", specifically
- rotary brush reflector performs the function of ejector seeds from the cells during discharge;
- the metering device is equipped with a squeeze roller with a surface of elastic elastic material;
- the squeeze roller is driven in rotation from the sowing drum;
- the sowing apparatus contains a guide tray and a conveying brush;
- the transporting brush is driven by a press wheel.

 Having at least five essential features of the prototype, the claimed technical solution is fully consistent with obtaining a new "technical result".

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a metering apparatus, side view; in FIG. 2 - also, front view.

 The sowing apparatus consists of a hopper 1 (Fig. 1), a sowing drum 2 with through cells 3. On the outside, the cells are covered by a casing 4, which is fixedly attached to the end cover of the drum 5. There is a loading hole 6. The shaft hub 7 is also fixed on it the drive of the brush reflector 8 with the drive mechanism 9. In the area of contact of the brush reflector to the inner surface of the seed drum the squeeze roller 10 is installed on the outside. A transport brush 11 adjacent to the drum is closed by a casing 12 and a guide current 13. Through the drive 14, driven 15 sprockets and chain 16, the conveyor brush is driven from the press wheel 17. The sowing drum 2 is attached to the end face of the gear wheel 18 (Fig. 2), which receives rotation from the seeder drive mechanism. To clean the brush reflector 8 and the conveying brush 11 there are scrapers 19 and 20.

 The device operates as follows. From the hopper 1, the seeds through the loading hole 6 fall into the internal cavity of the seed drum 2. During rotation of the drum, the seeds fall into the mesh 3. The casing prevents the seeds from falling out of the cell 4. As the seed drum rotates, the seeds fall into the action zone “A” of the squeeze roller 10 which, due to its elastic surface, is introduced into the mesh 3 from the outside of the drum and within the cells displaces the seeds into the coverage area of the brush reflector 8, facilitating sweeping of the "excess" seeds, without injuring them and excluding being double seeds of even the smallest fractions. As the drum rotates further, the seeds in zone “B” are pushed out under the action of the brush reflector 8 and centrifugal force outside the drum and are captured by the transport brush 11, then slide along the guide tray 12, and then dumped into an open furrow at the point of maximum proximity to the soil with a speed equal to the speed of the drill and directed opposite. This is facilitated by the drive (14, 15, 16) of the transporting brush from the press wheel 17. In zone “C”, the pile of the transporting brush 11 is introduced into the empty cells 3 and helps to clean them of dust, dirt and stuck seeds. It is possible to change the force of pressing the pile to the guide tray 13. The brush reflector 8 and the transporting brush 11 are cleaned of dust and seeds stuck in the pile with the cleaners 19 and 20.

Claims (2)

 1. The sowing apparatus comprising a casing, a sowing drum with through cells and an active brush seed reflector installed in it, characterized in that the reflector acts as a seed ejector, the sowing apparatus is also equipped with a passive squeeze roller with a surface of elastic material adjacent to the outside to the sowing drum in the area of influence of the brush reflector, and a brush for transporting seeds with a guide tray.  2. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor brush is driven from the press wheel of the sowing section.

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