RU2806440C1 - Nuclear power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to nuclear power plants (NPPs) with a reactor in which the heat generated in the reactor is converted into mechanical energy with its further conversion by an electric generator into electrical energy. A nuclear power plant includes a reactor, a volume compensator, a steam generator, a steam turbine, an electric generator, a condenser, a feed pump connected to the shaft of an electric motor, a circulation pump connected to the shaft of another electric motor, a first injector and a second injector. The first injector is connected by its first input through a gearbox to the first output of the steam generator, by its second input to the second output of the steam generator and the input of the feed pump, and by its output to the input of the reactor. The second injector is connected with its first input through a gearbox to the first output of the steam generator, with its second input to the output of the condenser and the input of the feed pump, and with its output to the second input of the steam generator.

EFFECT: increased reliability and safety of operation of the nuclear power plant.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to nuclear power plants containing nuclear power plants with a reactor, in which the heat generated in the reactor is converted into mechanical energy, which is subsequently converted into electrical energy by a generator.

An analogue of the claimed invention is a well-known technical solution (Main circulation pumps of nuclear power plants / F.M. Mitenkov, E.G. Novinsky. V.M. Budov; Generally edited by F.M. Mitenkov. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1989. - P. 6, Fig. B.1). It includes: reactor, volume compensator, steam turbine, electric generator, condensate pump, steam jet injector, circulation pump. The circulation pump is driven by electricity generated by an electric generator or by power from other external sources.

The disadvantage of the analogue is low reliability and safety of operation. If the circulation pump is even temporarily de-energized during reactor operation, it is destroyed.

Another analogue of the proposed technical solution is the well-known nuclear power plant (Margulova T.Kh. Nuclear power plants: Textbook for universities - 3rd ed., revised and supplemented. - M.: Higher School, 1978. - P. 22-23 , Fig. II.1, b). It includes: reactor, volume compensator, steam generator, steam turbine, electric generator, condenser, feed pump, circulation pump. In such a nuclear power plant, the circulation pump is driven by electricity generated by an electric generator or by power from other external sources.

The disadvantage of such a technical solution in a nuclear power plant is low reliability and operational safety. As with the previous analogue, even if the circulation pump is temporarily de-energized during reactor operation, it is destroyed.

The prototype of the claimed invention is a well-known nuclear power plant (Leshchenko V.V. Nuclear power plant / Patent No. 2638304 Russian Federation, IPC G21D 5/00 (2006.01). Application No. 2016152733: application 12/30/2016: published 12/13/2017; Bulletin . No. 35) into the structure of which are introduced: a pump turbine, connected with its input through a gearbox to the output of the steam generator, and with its output to the condenser, connected to the output shaft of the pump turbine, a circulation pump, which is connected with its input to the output of the steam generator, and with its output to the input of the reactor, a feed pump connected to the output shaft of the pumping turbine, which is connected with its input to the output of the condenser, and with its output to the input of the steam generator. With this technical solution in the prototype of the invention, a nuclear power plant includes a reactor, a volume compensator, a steam generator, a steam turbine, an electric generator, a capacitor, a feed pump connected to the shaft of an electric motor, a circulation pump connected to the shaft of another electric motor. It, in addition, contains a pump turbine, connected with its input through a gearbox to the output of the steam generator, and with its output to the condenser. A circulation pump is connected to the output shaft of the pumping turbine, its input is connected to the output of the steam generator, and its output is connected to the reactor input. Also connected to the output shaft of the pumping turbine is a feed pump, which is connected with its input to the output of the condenser, and with its output to the input of the steam generator.

When the power supply to a nuclear power plant is turned off, when both the electric motor rotating the circulation pump and the electric motor rotating the feed pump are de-energized, both pumps connected to the shaft of the pump turbine, rotated under the action of steam supplied from the output of the steam generator to the input of the pump turbine, continue to rotate circulation and feed pumps, ensuring the removal of thermal energy from the reactor.

As the power in the reactor increases, the operation of the circulation and feed pumps increases. Accordingly, the supply of coolant to the reactor increases, protecting it from explosion with subsequent destruction and contamination of the environment with radioactive elements.

The purpose of the claimed invention is to further improve the reliability and safety of operation of a nuclear power plant.

This goal is achieved by introducing the first and second injectors into the structure of the nuclear power plant. The first injector is connected with its first input through a gearbox to the output of the steam generator and with its second input to the output of the steam generator, and with its output to the input of the reactor. The second injector is connected with its first input through a gearbox to the output of the steam generator and with its second input to the output of the condenser, and with its output to the input of the steam generator.

In the drawing in FIG. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a nuclear power plant.

List of elements in the attached drawings:

1 - reactor;

2 - steam turbine;

3 - electric generator;

4 - capacitor;

5 - feed pump;

6 - circulation pump:

7 - steam generator;

8 - volume compensator;

9 - gearbox;

10 - first injector;

11 - second injector.

A nuclear power plant includes (see Fig. 1): a reactor 1, connected by its output to a volume compensator 8 and the input of a steam generator 7; steam turbine 2, connected by its input to the first output of the steam generator 7, to which the input of the gearbox 9 is connected; the output of steam turbine 2 is connected to the input of condenser 4; an electric generator 3 connected by its shaft to the shaft of the steam turbine 2; the second output of the steam generator 7, connected to the input of the circulation pump 6, driven by an electric motor, is also connected to the first input of the first injector 10, which with its output is connected to the input of the reactor 1; the second input of the first injector 10 is connected to the output of the gearbox 9; the output of circulation pump 6 is connected to the input of reactor 1; the output of the capacitor 4 is connected to the input of the feed pump 5, driven by another electric motor; the output of the feed pump 5 is connected to the second input of the steam generator 7; the first input of the second injector 11 is connected to the output of the capacitor 4; the second input of the second injector 11 is connected to the output of the gearbox 9; the output of the second injector 11 is connected to the second input of the steam generator 7.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is that the first injector 10 and the second injector 11 included in the circuit of the nuclear power plant, driven by the energy of steam entering through the gearbox 9 from the steam generator 7, performing the functions of pumps, allow the nuclear power plant to operate when the power supply to the circulation electric drives is turned off pump 6 and feed pump 5. Moreover, as the power in reactor 1 increases, the work of the first injector 10 and the second injector 11 increases. Accordingly, the supply of coolant to the reactor 1 increases, protecting it from explosion with subsequent destruction and contamination of the environment with radioactive elements. Thus, the reliability and safety of the operation of a nuclear power plant is increased, since the simplicity of the design of injection-type pumps ensures their exceptional reliability.

Claims (1)

A nuclear power plant containing a reactor, a volume compensator, a steam generator, a steam turbine, an electric generator, a condenser, a feed pump connected to the shaft of an electric motor, a circulation pump connected to the shaft of another electric motor, characterized in that it contains a first injector connected to its first input through a reducer to the first output of the steam generator, with its second input to the second output of the steam generator and the input of the feed pump, and with its output to the input of the reactor, a second injector connected with its first input through the reducer to the first output of the steam generator, with its second input to the output of the condenser and the input of the feed pump, and the exit to the second input of the steam generator.

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