RU2806202C1 - Construction of multilayer polymer system for thermal protection of building structures, walls of buildings and structures based on vapor-permeable non-flammable ultra-thin thermal insulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: layered thermal insulation systems used for thermal protection of building structures, brick, concrete and reinforced concrete surfaces of external and internal enclosing and load-bearing structures, including foundations, plinths, walls, partitions, floors at operating temperatures from -60°C to +260°C, as well as methods for applying a protective coating to these surfaces. A multi-layer polymer system for thermal protection of building structures, walls of buildings and structures based on vapor-permeable non-flammable ultra-thin thermal insulation contains layers successively applied to the protected surfaces of structures: an adhesive layer in the form of an organosilicon primer based on an aqueous solution of potassium methyl siliconate; a layer of insulating plaster with a density of at least 700 kg/m³, based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of a binder, layer thickness 1.0-4.0 cm; reinforcing layer with a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 mm; the main thermal insulation layer in the form of non-flammable (NF class) vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation with a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg/(m⋅h⋅Pa) and thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.001 W/(m°C) based on hollow microspheres, with a total thickness of the thermal insulation coating from 0.5 to 4.0 mm; protective and decorative layer in the form of acrylic water-dispersion paint.

EFFECT: expansion of the scope of application of multilayer polymer thermal insulation systems through the use and, as a consequence, achievement of the required overall heat transfer resistance of the structure while reducing the thickness of the thermal insulation coating and insulating plaster, as well as the possibility of using various finishing materials while maintaining the thermophysical and thermotechnical properties of liquid thermal insulation, preserving the architectural appearance of buildings and structures, including heritage sites, reducing additional load on foundations and basis.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to layered thermal insulation systems used for thermal protection of building structures, brick, concrete and reinforced concrete surfaces of external and internal enclosing and load-bearing structures, including foundations, plinths, walls, partitions, floors at operating temperatures from -60°С to +260°С, as well as methods of applying a protective coating to these surfaces.

State of the art

It is known from the prior art that the enclosing structure must meet the requirements for thermal protection, that is, the heat transfer resistance of the structure Rk must be greater than (or equal to) the required heat transfer resistance Rtr depending on the region and climatic conditions, and also satisfy the standards for protection against waterlogging (condensation should not form in the enclosing structure).

Using the example of an enclosing structure made of ceramic bricks 640 mm thick, we see that despite the fact that there are no conditions for condensation in the enclosing structure, this structure does not meet the requirements for thermal protection, Fig. 1.

In this regard, effective and cost-effective methods of additional thermal insulation of existing walls of buildings and structures are required.

A multilayer polymer thermal insulation system for building structures, walls of buildings and structures is known, containing successively arranged layers: a base in the form of a prepared surface, an adhesive layer, a main thermal insulation layer and a protective and decorative layer; a layer of water-dispersed polyacrylic primer, 0 thick, is used as an adhesive layer. ,1-0.2 mm, as the main layer of thermal insulation, (n) number of thin intermediate layers of liquid thermal insulating polymer coating is used, while the thickness of one thin layer of thermal insulating coating is (0.4 ± 0.1 mm). The thermal insulation coating material is selected from the group of polymers that harden in air after application, consisting of acrylate homopolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer, polystyrene, butadiene polymer, polyvinyl chloride polymer, polyurethane polymer, vinyl acetate polymer or copolymer, or a mixture thereof. (RF Patent No. 115377, IPC E04B 1/76, published 04/27/2012).

The disadvantages of this system are vapor tightness and low thermal insulation characteristics of the main layer of liquid thermal insulation coating - the thermal resistance of 1 layer 0.4 mm thick is 0.27 m ² C°/W, which leads to an increase in the number of applied layers to ensure the required heat transfer resistance of the structure as a whole , and, consequently, an increase in installation time with technological drying of 24 hours for each layer.

A multilayer polymer thermal insulation system for building structures, walls of buildings and structures is known from the prior art, containing successively arranged layers: a base in the form of a prepared surface, an adhesive layer, a main thermal insulation layer and a protective and decorative layer; n number of thin intermediate layers are used as the main thermal insulation layer liquid heat-insulating polymer coating, wherein the thickness of one thin layer of heat-insulating coating is (0.4±0.1) mm, the heat-insulating coating material is selected from the group of polymers that harden in air after application, consisting of acrylate homopolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer, polystyrene , butadiene polymer, polyvinyl chloride polymer, polyurethane polymer, polymer or copolymer of vinyl acetate or a mixture thereof, characterized in that the surface of the base, in addition to the previously carried out mechanical cleaning of dirt, dust and crumbling elements, is also subjected to chemical treatment with an adhesive activator based on complex polyfunctional acids and bases, a layer of silicone primer based on an aqueous solution of potassium methyl siliconate is used as an adhesive layer, which provides improved adhesion of subsequent layers and additional waterproofing of the base, the thickness of one thin i-th layer is (1.0 ± 0.1) mm, its thermal resistance is 1 m ² °C/W, acrylic water-dispersion paint was used as a protective and decorative layer, a coating based on hollow microspheres was chosen as the main layer of thermal insulation, made from a composition including a polymer binder and hollow microspheres, water-based emulsion was used as a polymer binder polymer latex composition containing from 10 to 90 vol.% of (co)polymer and from 10 to 90 vol.% of a mixture of water and surfactant, taken in the ratio, parts by weight:

polymer binder mixture 100 surfactant mixture 2-5

as hollow microspheres, the composition contains a mixture of hollow microspheres with different sizes from 10 to 500 microns and different bulk densities from 650 to 50 kg/m ³ , selected from the group including hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, hollow polymer microspheres, hollow technogenic ( ash) microspheres or their mixtures of fiberglass (RF Patent RU No. 136461, IPC E04B 1/76, published 01/10/2014).

The disadvantages of this coating are the G1 flammability class, as well as the possibility of using only acrylic water-dispersion paint as a protective and decorative layer, in order not to deteriorate the thermophysical and thermal properties of the main heat-insulating layer based on hollow microspheres.

The closest analogue - the prototype - is a complex system of insulation of buildings and structures (RF Patent No. 117468, IPC E04B 1/76, publ. 06.27.2012), consisting of sequentially applied to structural elements or to the constituent parts of a building and structure, for example, an external wall , and/or ceilings, and/or slopes, layers: a water repellent applied in the form of a lattice onto the filled seams in the form of an aqueous emulsion of organosilicon copolymers (if necessary), a primer layer based on a hardened liquid thermal insulation coating made of synthetic rubber, acrylic polymers and dispersed in this a composition of hollow ceramic and silicone microspheres diluted with water (10:1), with a flow rate of preferably 1 liter of the resulting suspension per 3 m ² depending on the surface, if necessary, a layer of hardened liquid thermal insulation coating in the form of a lattice on the seams of synthetic rubber, acrylic polymers and hollow ceramic and silicone microspheres dispersed in this composition, if necessary - a layer of reinforcing mesh, a layer of 2.0-7.0 cm of insulating plaster with a density of at least 700 kg/m ³ based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of lime and Portland cement, then, if necessary, layers fiberglass reinforcing mesh and leveling adhesive plaster, and finishing in the form of a hardened liquid thermal insulation coating made from a hardened suspension, including evacuated ceramic and silicone microspheres in a composition of a mixture of latex and acrylic polymers, and the complex insulation system for buildings and structures has a water absorption of no more than 0.01 g /cm ³ and provides reflection of sunlight up to 80%.

Significant disadvantages of the prototype are:

- use of vapor-tight liquid thermal insulation coating;

- use of flammable liquid thermal insulation coating;

- the thermal conductivity coefficient of the heat-insulating coating is 0.0035 W/(m⋅°C), which leads to an increase in the number of layers of both the heat-insulating coating itself and the insulating plaster, which leads to a significant increase in the load (the weight of the complex system increases) on the structure and, as a consequence, a limitation of the scope of application, since such a system can no longer be used, for example, at cultural heritage sites;

- the impossibility of using any decorative finishes, except for tinting the finishing layer of the liquid heat-insulating coating itself.

The technical objective of the proposed invention is to expand the scope of application of multilayer polymer thermal insulation systems through the use of non-flammable, vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation based on hollow microspheres with a confirmed thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.001 W/(m⋅°C) and a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg/(m⋅h⋅ Pa) and, as a consequence, achieving the required overall heat transfer resistance of the structure while reducing the thickness of the heat-insulating coating and insulating plaster, as well as the possibility of using various finishing materials, while maintaining the thermophysical and thermotechnical properties of liquid thermal insulation, preserving the architectural appearance of buildings and structures, including cultural heritage sites, reducing additional load on foundations and foundations.

Achieving the specified technical result is ensured by the fact that the multilayer polymer system of thermal protection of building structures, walls of buildings and structures based on vapor-permeable non-flammable ultra-thin thermal insulation contains layers successively applied to the protected surfaces of the structures: an adhesive layer in the form of an organosilicon primer based on an aqueous solution of potassium methyl siliconate; a layer of insulating plaster, with a density of at least 700 kg/m ³ , based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of one of the types of binders, for example, lime, clay, gypsum and Portland cement, a layer thickness of 1.0-4.0 cm; a reinforcing layer in the form of fiberglass, fiberglass, geotextile, asbestos fabric or non-woven asbestos fabric with a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 mm and a density of 70 to 120 g/ ^m2 ; the main thermal insulation layer in the form of non-flammable (NG class) vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation with a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg/(m⋅h⋅Pa) and a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.001 W/(m⋅°C) based on hollow microspheres, a total thickness of the thermal insulation coating from 0.5 to 4.0 mm, where each layer of thermal insulation coating has a thickness of 0.5 mm, made of a water-suspension composition with a viscosity of 1 to 100 Pa⋅s, including a mixture of a polymer binder 5-95 vol.% with hollow microspheres 5-95 vol.%, as a polymer binder the composition contains a water-emulsion polymer latex composition containing from 10 to 90 vol.% of a (co)polymer selected from the group including acrylate homopolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polystyrene , butadiene polymer, polyvinyl chloride polymer, polyurethane polymer, vinyl acetate polymer or copolymer or mixtures thereof and from 10 to 90 vol.% of a mixture of water and surfactant, as hollow microspheres the composition contains microspheres with different sizes from 10 to 500 microns and various bulk density from 50 to 650 kg/m ³ , selected from the group including hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, hollow polymer microspheres, hollow technogenic (ash) microspheres or mixtures thereof, wherein the aqueous suspension composition additionally contains a mixture of polyhydric alcohol with a polybasic carboxylic or amino acid in an equimolecular ratio, as well as one fire retardant selected from the group including aluminum trihydrite, boron compounds, phosphorus compounds, antimony compounds, highly chlorinated paraffins, bromo derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons, mixtures of salts of inorganic acids with melamine or urea-formaldehyde resins, nickel amines, zinc amines, cobalt amines, ammonium carbonates, ammonium sulfates, molybdenum salts, vanadium salts, cerium salts or mixtures thereof in the following ratio of components, parts by weight:

mixture of polymer binder with hollow microspheres 100 mixture of a polyhydric alcohol with a polycarboxylic acid or amino acid 2-5 the above fire retardant 5-10

protective and decorative layer in the form of acrylic water-dispersion paint.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 2, which shows the protection of a brick wall of a building (example 1).

Example in Fig. 2.

The first stage is preparing the surface of the brick wall 1. To do this, all crumbling and falling off elements are removed and dust is removed.

The second stage is applying an adhesive layer of 2 silicone primers in 2 layers with a brush or specialized high-pressure equipment.

The third stage is the application of insulating plaster 3, with a density of at least 700 kg/m ³ , based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of lime and Portland cement, a layer thickness of 2.0 cm using a spatula to fill the seams, cracks and pores of the wall.

The fourth stage - a reinforcing layer 4 in the form of fiberglass 1.0 mm thick with a density of 100 g/m ² is applied to the putty surface with an overlap along the width of the strip of at least 30%. The reinforcing layer allows you to prevent possible rupture or cracking of the coating due to the difference in linear tension during deformation due to settlement of the foundation or temperature expansion.

The fifth stage is applying the main layer of thermal insulation in 5 layers of 0.5 mm each with interlayer drying for 24 hours. As an example, non-flammable vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation based on hollow microspheres produced by the patent applicant, a liquid thermal insulation coating from the “Armor” series with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.001 W/(m⋅°C) and a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg/(m⋅h) was applied ⋅Pa), for example, the vapor-permeable modification “Bronya Facade NG”, produced according to TU 2216-006-09560516-2013. Thermal insulation coating can be applied to the surface using a brush or airless spray in successive layers. The time for complete drying of each layer at a temperature of +20°C is 24 hours, touch-drying is 15-20 minutes. The required heat transfer resistance of the protected structure can be achieved by applying the appropriate number of layers. Thus, three layers of coating were applied with a total thickness of the finished coating of approximately 1.6 mm.

The sixth stage is the application of a protective and decorative layer 6 in the form of acrylic paint.

Let's check this design to ensure thermal protection and protection against waterlogging.

As we see in Fig. 3, the design fully meets the specified requirements, due to the fact that the transmission resistance of the structure is equal to the required heat transfer resistance for the city of Volgograd, and the conditions for the formation of condensation in the structure are completely absent. Based on this, we should talk about the effectiveness of the proposed invention.

The invention allows:

- expand the scope of application of heat-insulating coatings based on hollow microspheres, while maintaining all thermophysical properties;

- ensure reliable thermal protection of buildings and structures by increasing the overall heat transfer resistance of the structure, meeting energy efficiency requirements and increasing the energy class of the building as a whole;

- ensure the non-flammability of the system through the use of a non-combustible finishing layer, protecting the structure as a whole from destruction when exposed to high fire temperatures;

- preserve or recreate the architectural appearance of buildings and structures, including cultural heritage sites;

- the ability to give a given color to the coating by tinting the last finishing layer;

- reduce the additional load on foundations and bases from the weight of applied coatings due to their thin layer.

Claims (3)

The design of a multilayer polymer thermal protection system for building structures, walls of buildings and structures based on vapor-permeable non-flammable ultra-thin thermal insulation contains successively applied layers to the protected surfaces of structures: an adhesive layer in the form of an organosilicon primer based on an aqueous solution of potassium methyl siliconate; a layer of insulating plaster, with a density of at least 700 kg/m ³ , based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of one of the types of binders, for example, lime, clay, gypsum and Portland cement, a layer thickness of 1.0-4.0 cm; reinforcing layer in the form of fiberglass, fiberglass, geotextile, asbestos fabric or non-woven asbestos fabric with a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 mm and a density of 70 to 120 g/ ^m2 ; the main thermal insulation layer in the form of non-flammable (NG class) vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation with a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg/(m⋅h⋅Pa) and a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.001 W/(m⋅°C) based on hollow microspheres, a total thickness of the thermal insulation coating from 0.5 to 4.0 mm, where each layer of thermal insulation coating has a thickness of 0.5 mm, made of a water-suspension composition with a viscosity of 1 to 100 Pa⋅C, including a mixture of polymer binder 5-95 vol. % with hollow microspheres 5-95 vol. %, as a polymer binder the composition contains a water-emulsion polymer latex composition containing from 10 to 90 vol. % of a (co)polymer selected from the group consisting of acrylate homopolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polystyrene, butadiene polymer or vinyl acetate copolymer or mixtures thereof, and from 10 to 90 vol. % mixture of water and surfactant, as hollow microspheres, the composition contains microspheres with different sizes from 10 to 500 microns and different bulk densities from 50 to 650 kg/m ³ , selected from the group including hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, hollow polymer microspheres, hollow technogenic (ash) microspheres or mixtures thereof, wherein the aqueous suspension composition additionally contains a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol with a polybasic carboxylic or amino acid in an equimolecular ratio, as well as one fire retardant selected from the group including aluminum trihydrite, boron compounds, phosphorus compounds, antimony compounds, highly chlorinated paraffins, bromo derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons, mixtures of salts of inorganic acids with melamine or urea-formaldehyde resins, nickel amines, zinc amines, cobalt amines, ammonium carbonates, ammonium sulfates, molybdenum salts, vanadium salts, cerium salts or their mixtures with the following ratio of components, parts by weight: mixture of polymer binder with hollow microspheres 100 mixture of a polyhydric alcohol with a polycarboxylic acid or amino acid 2-5 the above fire retardant 5-10 protective and decorative layer in the form of acrylic water-dispersion paint.