RU2806198C1 - Device for filtering bottom sediments - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of equipment for collecting, cleaning and thickening bottom sediments of structures, stormwater, industrial runoff, sediments of rivers and lakes, as well as bottom sediments of slag dumps. A device for filtering bottom sediments contains a container, a perforated basket placed in the container, and filter material placed in the basket. The basket is mounted with a gap from the bottom and the walls of the container. The filter material is made in the form of a closed bag placed in the basket. A sleeve is mounted in the upper part of the bag to connect the internal volume of the bag to the bottom sediment supply pipeline. In the wall of the container, in its lower part, there is an unloading hatch, the window of which is hermetically connected to the unloading hole made in the part of the bag corresponding to the unloading hatch with the possibility of unloading the solid fraction of bottom sediments from the bag through the unloading hatch. To drain the filtrate, there are drain holes in the lower part of the container below the bottom of the basket. The bag is mounted to the container or the basket with a quick-release connection.

EFFECT: ability to create an efficient industrial device for filtering bottom sediments with reusable filter material.

9 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of equipment for collecting, cleaning and thickening bottom sediments of structures, stormwater, industrial runoff, sediments of rivers and lakes, as well as bottom sediments of slag dumps [C02F 1/00, C02F 11/00, C02F 11/12, C02F 11/121, C02F 11/122, C02F1/001, C02F1/004, C02F2201/00, C02F2201/008].

The simplest solution known from the prior art is a DEWATERING CONTAINER FOR RESERVOIR CLEARING WASTE (OPTIONS) [RU2579132 C2, published: 03/27/2016], containing a frame in the form of a horizontal frame and a canvas made of water-permeable material, freely spread over the frame to form an open working volume of the container .

The disadvantage of this analogue is the lack of its industrial applicability for cleaning bottom sediments in large volumes, since its implementation for these purposes requires space for placing a container, which is often impossible due to inaccessibility to the coastal zone of the water body being cleaned.

A DEVICE FOR CLARIFICATION OF LOADED WATER [FR2439036 (A1), published: 05/16/1980] is known from the prior art, containing a pool equipped at one end with a supply device and at the other end with a weir, and this pool contains near the bottom at least one tap for blowing, characterized in that the inner walls and bottom of the pool are covered with a removable continuous filter layer of sheet non-woven fibrous material, applied to a solid support fixed to the bottom and inner walls of the container, made of expanded metal mesh, fixed to the walls of the pool using wedges.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the impossibility of its reusable use, since the device does not address the issues of cleaning the filter layer when filling the pool with the solid fraction of bottom sediments.

The closest in technical essence is a DEVICE FOR SLUDGE REMOVAL [DE4105502 (A1), published: 08/20/1992], in which in a gutter with a connection to waste water there are at least two water-permeable containers located next to or one above the other, which are perforated baskets made of metal or plastic and equipped with filter material in the form of filter paper, and sludge separation is carried out by pouring wastewater from the upper to the lower container.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the low efficiency of its use, due to significant weight and size characteristics, as well as the inability to reuse the filter material. In addition, the device declared in the prototype has low reliability due to the lack of elements in the design for fastening the filter material in the baskets, which entails the overflow of bottom sediments into the main pool when the upper basket is filled.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of analogues and the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of creating an effective industrial device for filtering bottom sediments with reusable use of filter material.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a device for filtering bottom sediments containing a container, a perforated basket placed in the container and filter material placed in the basket, characterized in that the basket is mounted with a gap from the bottom and walls of the container, the filter material is made in in the form of a closed bag placed in a basket, in the upper part of the bag there is a sleeve mounted to connect the internal volume of the bag with the bottom sediment supply pipeline, in the wall of the container in its lower part there is a discharge hatch, the window of which is hermetically connected with the discharge hole made in the part corresponding to the discharge hatch bag with the possibility of unloading the solid fraction of bottom sediments from the bag through the unloading hatch; to drain the filtrate, drain holes are made in the lower part of the container below the bottom of the basket; the bag is mounted to the container or basket with a quick-release connection.

In particular, the container is designed to be transportable.

In particular, the container is made in the form of an industrial container.

In particular, the container is equipped with means of loading/unloading onto a vehicle.

In particular, the basket is made of metal mesh.

In particular, the basket inside the container is mounted on guides that provide clearance between the container and the basket.

In particular, the bag is made of geotextile fabric.

In particular, the sealed connection between the unloading hatch and the bag is made by a flange connection using a frame that presses the bag along the perimeter of the unloading opening to the wall around the unloading hatch window.

In particular, the quick-release connection of the bag to the basket or container is made suspended, when the loop on the filter bag is placed on a vertical stop spaced from the wall of the container or basket, or by threading a rod through a series of loops on the filter bag, resting on the container or basket spaced from the wall vertical stops, or using grommets mounted on the valve of the filter bag, placed on vertical stops spaced from the wall of the container or basket, or by threading a cable through the grommets along the perimeter of the bag and fixing this cable around the perimeter of the container or basket, or using rigging fasteners.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a general view of a device for filtering bottom sediments.

Figure 2 shows a top view of a sediment filtration device.

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional side view of a sediment filtration device.

Figure 4 shows a rear cross-sectional view of a sediment filtration device.

Figure 5 shows an enlarged view A of the attachment of the filter bag to the wall of the container using hinges.

Figure 6 shows an enlarged top view of an option for attaching a filter bag to the wall of a container.

Figure 7 shows the attachment of the filter bag to the unloading hatch using one frame.

Figure 8 shows the attachment of the filter bag to the discharge hatch using two frames.

Figure 9 shows a diagram of fastening a filter bag between two frames.

The figures indicate: 1 - container, 2 - guides, 3 - basket, 4 - taps, 5 - filter bag, 6 - sleeve, 7 - hinges, 8 - rod, 9 - stops, 10 - unloading hatch, 11 - studs , 12 - frames.

Implementation of the invention.

The device for filtering bottom sediments contains a sealed external container 1 (see Figure 1) formed by side, rear, front walls and a bottom. In one embodiment, the container 1 may be provided with a lid. Container 1 is designed to be transportable, for which it is made, for example, in the form of a standard industrial skid-type container with a typical volume, for example, 27 m ³ or 32 m ³ . The dimensions of container 1 depend on the vehicles planned for its transportation. For loading/unloading, container 1 is equipped with loading/unloading means, for example, eyes.

Inside the container 1, on guides 2 mounted on its walls and along the bottom, a basket 3 is mounted (see Figs. 2-4). In one embodiment, the basket 3 is formed by side walls oriented along the side walls of the container 1, a front wall and a bottom and is made of mesh material, for example, expanded metal mesh. The guides 2 are designed to form a gap between the side, front walls and bottom of the container 1 and the basket 3.

The side walls of the container 1 in the gap between its bottom and the bottom of the basket 3 or the bottom of the container 1 are equipped with holes, to which taps 4 are mounted on the outside of the container 1 to drain the filtrate from the container 1.

Inside the basket 3 there is a filter bag 5, closed on all sides, made of high-density geotextile fabric, for example, polypropylene with a density of 350-500 g/ ^m2 . In the upper part, the filter bag 5 is equipped with a receiving sleeve 6 for connecting to it a pipeline for supplying bottom sediments in liquid form for pumping them into the filter bag 5. Fixing the pipeline to the sleeve 6 can be done with a clamp tying the sleeve 6 around the pipeline.

The filter bag 5 is fixed inside the container 1 and/or to the basket 3 using a quick-detachable connection, for example, a hanging connection, when the loop 7 made on the filter bag 5 is thrown onto a vertical stop 9 spaced from the wall of the container 1 or basket 7, or by threading through a series of loops 7 mounted on the filter bag 5 a rod 8 resting on stops 9 mounted on the inner surface of the wall of the container 1 (see Fig. 5, 6) or basket 3, the height coinciding with the location of the loops 7, or with using grommets mounted on the valve of the filter bag 5 and throwing these grommets onto the stops 9 or by threading a cable through the grommets along the perimeter with fixing this cable along the perimeter of the container 1 or basket 3, or using rigging fasteners, etc. The essence of this quick-release connection is the quick installation/disassembly of the filter bag 5 from the basket 3 without tools. As the filter bag is filled with 5 bottom sediments, the connection unit is tightened and the strength of the connection increases.

To remove bottom sediments from the filter bag 5, the design of the device for filtering bottom sediments provides a discharge hatch 10 (see Fig. 7, 8), mounted in the lower part of the rear wall of the tank 1 above the bottom of the filter bag 5 and the bottom of the basket 3, and There is a hole in the wall of the filter bag 5 with dimensions not exceeding the size of the window of the unloading hatch 10. The hole in the filter bag 5 and the window of the unloading hatch 10 are hermetically connected to each other with the possibility of unloading through the hole in the filter bag 5 and the unloading hatch 10 of solid fractions of bottom sediments. The hermetic connection of the hole in the filter bag 5 and the unloading hatch 10 can be made with a flange connection, for which, along the perimeter of the window of the unloading hatch 10 inside the container 1, studs 11 are mounted, on which, with their holes from inside the filter bag 5, a frame 12 is mounted with a detachable connection, pressing the filter -bag 5 to the rear wall of container 1. In one of the implementation options, frames 12 are first mounted around the opening of the filter bag 5 on the outside and inside, clamping the wall of the filter bag 5 together (see Fig. 9), and then these frames 12 are mounted to the window of the unloading hatch 10 of the rear wall of the container 1. This version of the equipment of the unloading hatch 10 allows you to quickly disconnect the filter bag 5 from the container 1 and remove the filter bag 5 from the basket 3 if necessary.

The unloading hatch 10 is sealed with a gasket (not shown in the figures) with the ability to ensure the tightness of container 1.

A device for filtering bottom sediments is used as follows.

The device is delivered to the work site using a vehicle and the device is unloaded at the work site using the vehicle’s own unloading means or additional equipment (crane).

The sleeve 6 of the filter bag 5 is connected to the sleeve of the dredger pump (not shown in the figures), which pumps out bottom contaminants, and bottom contaminants containing liquid and solid fractions are pumped into the filter bag 5. The liquid fraction of bottom pollution under pressure created by the dredger pump is filtered through the pores of the geotextile fabric from which the filter bag 5 is made and, thanks to the gap formed between container 1 and basket 3, is collected at the bottom of container 1, and the solid fraction (bottom sediments) remains inside the filter -bag 5. The filtrate is removed from tank 1 through pipes connected to taps 4 in the lower part of tank 1, directly back into the reservoir or into separate tanks. To unload the solid fraction of bottom sediments from the filter bag 5, shut off the dredger pipeline through which the bottom sediments are fed into the filter bag 5, wait for the liquid fraction to separate from the solid fraction in the filter bag 5, then open the unloading hatch 10 and unload the solid fraction of the bottom sediments , after which the unloading hatch 10 is closed and again, turning on the dredger pump, the bottom sediments are fed into the filter bag 5. Thus, the filter bag 5 is used repeatedly, without removing it from the basket 3, which significantly reduces the time for filtering bottom sediments, reduces labor intensity of work, their cost. The device can be transported either with an empty filter bag 5 or filled with solid fraction of bottom sediments, as well as with or without filtrate at the bottom of the container. For transportation, the device is placed on a vehicle using its own loading/unloading facilities and transported to the desired location, where it is redeployed. Due to the described design, reusable use of filter material is achieved, and the efficiency of filtering bottom sediments on an industrial scale is increased due to the high performance of the device, when there is no need to change the filter bag 5, disconnect the device from the means of supplying bottom sediments and draining the filtrate. And the transportability of the device ensures its mobility, speed of delivery and deployment. To place the device on the shore of a reservoir, a plot of land measuring 72 ^m2 (6m*12m) is required. There is no need to carry out large-scale excavation work, as is the case with the use of soil storage areas or geotextile containers (geotubes). Additionally, by attaching the filter bag 5 to the container 1 or basket 3, the reliability of the device as a whole is ensured.

Claims (9)

1. A device for filtering bottom sediments, containing a container, a perforated basket placed in the container, and filter material placed in the basket, characterized in that the basket is mounted with a gap from the bottom and walls of the container, the filter material is made in the form of a closed bag placed in basket, a sleeve is mounted in the upper part of the bag to connect the internal volume of the bag with the pipeline for supplying bottom sediments, in the wall of the container in its lower part there is an unloading hatch, the window of which is hermetically connected with the unloading hole made in the part of the bag corresponding to the unloading hatch with the possibility of unloading through the unloading a hatch made from a bag of solid fraction of bottom sediments; to drain the filtrate, drain holes are made in the lower part of the container below the bottom of the basket; the bag is mounted to the container or basket with a quick-release connection. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is designed to be transportable. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is made in the form of an industrial container. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is equipped with means for loading/unloading onto a vehicle. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the basket is made of metal mesh. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the basket inside the container is mounted on guides that provide clearance between the container and the basket. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bag is made of geotextile fabric. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealed connection of the unloading hatch and the bag is made by a flange connection using a frame that presses the bag along the perimeter of the unloading hole to the wall around the window of the unloading hatch. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the quick-release connection of the bag to the basket or container is made suspended, when the loop on the bag is thrown onto a vertical stop spaced from the wall of the container or basket, or by threading a rod through a series of loops on the bag, resting on spaced vertical stops from the wall of the container or basket, or using grommets mounted on the valve of the bag, thrown onto vertical stops spaced from the wall of the container or basket, or by threading a cable through the eyelets along the perimeter of the bag and fixing this cable around the perimeter of the container or basket, or using rigging fastenings.