RU2804672C1 - System for integrated recycling of exhaust gases from ship's power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine building.

SUBSTANCE: system for the integrated recycling of exhaust gases from a ship's power plant is proposed, including scrubber 1 connected to an internal combustion engine for receiving and humidifying exhaust gases, electrolyser 2 for producing hydrogen from water present in the exhaust gases, and graphene labyrinth filter 3. Part of the purified exhaust gases after graphene labyrinth filter 3 is introduced into intake manifold 10 of the internal combustion engine, and part is discharged through the exhaust manifold into the atmosphere. Hydrogen, separated in graphene labyrinth filter 3, enters compressor 4, cryogenerator 5, the hydrogen storage system and then – hydrogen storage batteries 9, which also receive oxygen from a system including high-pressure compressor 7, air separation unit 8 and an oxygen supply device. Rechargeable hydrogen batteries 9 are connected to energy consumers through the main distribution board.

EFFECT: improved environmental friendliness of a ship's power plant, production of hydrogen for power batteries intended to generate electricity to power ship consumers.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular, to systems for processing the combustible mixture before admission into a ship engine and for powering ship hydrogen batteries and can be used for purifying exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, filtration with the release of hydrogen and its subsequent use as one of the two necessary substances (along with oxygen) to power hydrogen batteries and generate electricity capable of powering ship consumers and taking on part of the load from auxiliary diesel generators or completely eliminating the need for them.

There are closed-cycle power plants based on heat engines operating in exhaust gas recirculation mode, in which an artificial gas mixture composed of purified exhaust gases is used as an engine fuel component. There are also devices for producing technical hydrogen for use in internal combustion engines.

BACKGROUND:

According to scientific and technical information

1. Vagner Viktor Anatolyevich. Fundamentals of the theory and practice of using alternative fuels in diesel engines: RSL OD 71:95-5/488 This dissertation provides for the use of hydrogen in diesel engines as the main fuel that can replace carbon fuels, however, it does not consider the possibility of abandoning internal combustion engines in favor of hydrogen batteries.

2. Misbakhov Rinat Shaukatovich. The influence of hydrogen additives on the technical, economic and environmental performance of gas and diesel engines: dissertation ... Candidate of Technical Sciences: 04/05/02 / Misbakhov Rinat Shaukatovich; [Place of protection: Kazan, state. tech. University named after A.N. Tupolev]. - Kazan, 2010.- 165 p.: ill. RSL OD, 61 10-5/2367. This dissertation studies the effect of hydrogen additions to the fuel-air mixture and confirms previously obtained results about equal positive and a number of negative properties obtained through this process (namely, a slight increase in efficiency and environmental friendliness while detonation properties deteriorate). Just like the previous source, it does not consider the possibility of a gradual shift away from internal combustion engines and carbon fuels.

3. Kostenko Svetlana Sergeevna. Modeling of filtration regimes of oxidation of methane mixtures in the presence of water vapor: dissertation... Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences: 01.04.17 / Kostenko Svetlana Sergeevna; [Place of protection: Institute of Chemical Problems. physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. - Chernogolovka, 2010. - 148 p.: ill. RSL OD, 61 10-1/415. This dissertation examines the possibilities of methane conversion with the release of hydrogen, which is not the most environmentally friendly way to produce it. In turn, the electrolysis reaction used in the patent installation is somewhat more energy-consuming, but completely environmentally friendly.

4. Nefedeva Anna Veniaminovna. Scientific justification for choosing a method of storing hydrogen for marine electrical power plants with direct energy conversion: dissertation of a candidate of technical sciences: 05.08.05. - St. Petersburg, 2002.- 143 p.: ill. RSL OD, 61 03-5/2560-3. This work confirms the relevance and necessity of finding various solutions to move away from carbon fuels and internal combustion engines in favor of more environmentally friendly processes.

According to patent information “Power installation with a hydrogen generator” is known under the RF patent for utility model No. 104384, publ. 05/10/2011, IPC N01M 8/06. This patent implements the technology for producing hydrogen as part of an internal combustion engine, however, the resulting hydrogen is not used to power hydrogen batteries and is not used to separate and filter graphene membranes.

The “Hydrogen production installation (options)” is known according to RF patent for invention No. 2672416, IPC S01B 3/02, S07S 7/12, publ. 11/14/2018 This patent implements the technology for producing hydrogen as part of a gas turbine unit, however, the resulting hydrogen is not used to power hydrogen batteries and is not used to separate and filter graphene membranes.

The “Method for producing technical hydrogen and its use in internal combustion engines” is known under the RF patent for invention No. 2179251, IPC F02B 43/12, publ. 02/10/2002 This patent implements the technology for producing hydrogen as part of an internal combustion engine, however, the resulting hydrogen is not used to power hydrogen batteries and is not used to separate and filter graphene membranes. It has a number of significant design-based disadvantages.

The known “System and method for changing the intervals between flashes in the cylinders of an engine with exhaust gas recirculation (variants)”, RF Patent for invention No. 2700969 Ford Global Technologies, LV (US). IPC FOIL 13/00, F02D 23/0, F02M 26/43. Publ. 09/24/2019 This patent implements the technology for producing hydrogen as part of an internal combustion engine, however, the resulting hydrogen is not used to power hydrogen batteries and is not used to separate and filter graphene membranes.

Known is the “Method of producing hydrogen using thermal dissociation of water or low-temperature dissociating substances containing hydrogen using microwave radiation” according to RF patent for invention No. 2647291, IPC S25B 1/02, C02F 1/30, publ. 03/15/2018 This patent provides for the production of hydrogen at extremely high temperatures (up to 3000 degrees Celsius), which is unsafe when using such technology on ships.

The systems listed in these patents do not have a comprehensive solution that includes several tasks.

The known “Method for producing an artificial gas mixture for an internal combustion engine operating in exhaust gas recirculation mode and a device for its implementation” according to RF patent No. 2287069, IPC F02B 47/10, publ. 11/10/2006 According to the invention, a method for producing IGS for an internal combustion engine operating in exhaust gas recirculation mode includes

removal of exhaust gases from the engine, two-stage cleaning, by wet cleaning from impurities and subsequent removal of carbon dioxide with simultaneous oxygen enrichment. In this case, the exhaust gases are cooled and completely subjected to wet cleaning, then they are divided into two streams of adjustable volume. One of the streams is additionally cooled and dried, contact heat exchange with liquid oxygen is ensured to produce gaseous oxygen and freezing out the water and carbon dioxide fractions. Then the solid fractions of water and carbon dioxide are separated and removed. The resulting cooled and oxygen-enriched gas mixture is combined with another stream of cooled and dried exhaust gases to produce a cooled IGS, which is further heated before being supplied to the internal combustion engine.

The known “Method of preparing an artificial gas mixture for an internal combustion engine operating in exhaust gas recirculation mode” according to RF patent No. 2158833, IPC F02B 47/10, F02M 25/10, publ. 2000. The method includes removing exhaust gases from the engine, treating the exhaust gases with a reagent consisting of absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, and supplying an artificial gas mixture to the engine intake.

Exhaust gas treatment is carried out by dividing the exhaust gas into two controlled parts. One of the parts is irrigated by dosed injection of water, the falling flow of exhaust gases is passed through a set of reagent plates, and cleaned of solid particles, chemical reaction products and droplets of moisture. Then it is mixed with the second part of the exhaust gas stream and cooled. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability and efficiency of preparing an artificial gas mixture for diesel.

Known “Method of producing an artificial gas mixture for a power plant operating in

exhaust gas recirculation mode" according to RF patent No. 2730270, IPC F02G 1/04, publ. 08/21/2020 The invention relates to the field of anaerobic energy and can be used in air-independent power plants with thermal engines and especially in ship power plants of underwater vehicles operating without access to atmospheric air. The invention makes it possible to simplify the technological process, increase the reliability and efficiency of obtaining an artificial gas mixture of the cryogenic cycle of CO ₂ liquefaction for air-independent power plants operating in a wide range of loads, which is achieved due to the fact that at the beginning the entire flow rate of the circulating flow of liquid CO ₂ is cooled to 218÷ 220K in the process of heat exchange with the flow of liquid O ₂ due to the evaporation of part of the liquid O ₂ , while the flow rate of liquid O ₂ corresponds to the flow rate to obtain the optimal composition

artificial gas mixture required for the operation of the power plant, after which, in the process of heat exchange with the dried gas mixture flow, the liquid CO ₂ flow is heated to 237÷238K and again cooled to a temperature of 220÷222K due to the complete evaporation of liquid _O2 and heat exchange with gasified _O2 , which is heated to 235÷236K, and the dried gas mixture flow cooled to 220+222K in the process of heat exchange with liquid CO ₂ at a pressure of 1.6÷2.0 MPa is divided into liquid CO ₂ and a non-condensed gas mixture of O ₂ and CO ₂ , in this case, the flow of the non-condensed gas mixture is ejected and, due to ejection, mixed with the flow of gasified O ₂ , after which the O _2- enriched return flow is sent for heat exchange to the first stage, where it is heated to a temperature of 305÷310 K and combined with the unpurified part of the recirculation flow, and the resulting artificial the gas mixture is sent to the power plant.

The listed patents solve the problem of exhaust gas recirculation, however, they do not correspond to the problem posed by the proposed invention.

The existing systems do not immediately include a number of tasks, including: increasing environmental friendliness by purifying gases, reusing them through recycling, separating and then using hydrogen, which can be considered reuse of exhaust gases with secondary conversion, increasing the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the engine.

The technical objective of the proposed invention is:

- increasing the environmental friendliness of the operation of a ship's power plant by cleaning exhaust gases;

- separation of hydrogen from exhaust gases and its subsequent

usage;

- secondary transformation of exhaust gases and their reuse through recirculation.

To achieve the technical task, a system for the integrated recycling of exhaust gases from a marine internal combustion engine is proposed, containing a block for preliminary purification of exhaust gases using a “wet” method, a block for the release of hydrogen gas, a block for the recycling of purified exhaust gases and a block for using the separated hydrogen gas to power batteries, with In this case, the unit for preliminary purification of exhaust gases using the “wet” method includes a scrubber connected to the internal combustion engine for receiving and humidifying exhaust gases, an electrolyzer, the inlet of which is connected to the scrubber, and the outlet is connected to a graphene labyrinth filter; the hydrogen gas separation unit includes a graphene labyrinth filter installed with the ability to communicate with the compressor and the intake manifold of the unit for the recycling of purified exhaust gases, and the unit for the secondary use of purified exhaust gases includes an intake manifold for introducing purified exhaust gases into the internal combustion engine (ICE) and an exhaust manifold for releasing the remaining volume of purified exhaust gases into the atmosphere, the unit for using the separated hydrogen gas to power the batteries contains a compressor, a cryogenerator, a hydrogen storage system, a high-pressure air compressor, an air separation unit, an oxygen supply device, and hydrogen batteries, and the unit for preliminary purification of exhaust gases using the “wet” method is directly connected to the internal combustion engine, the propulsion unit , a shaft generator, and the hydrogen batteries are connected to energy consumers through the main distribution board (MSB).

TECHNICAL RESULT

The technical result consists in obtaining a gas mixture that allows the ship's power plant to operate efficiently and to obtain hydrogen to power batteries, as well as to obtain electricity that can power ship consumers and take on part of the load from auxiliary diesel generators or completely eliminate the need for them.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a comprehensive recycling of exhaust gases from a ship's power plant is carried out: use as a recirculation process and the use of the gas component of the mixture - hydrogen. The design solution of the proposed system provides environmental purification of exhaust gases, separation of the gas mixture into hydrogen and oxygen, filtration of the resulting mixture of gases through a graphene labyrinth filter with the release of hydrogen, its transfer to a compressor and cryogenerator capable of liquefying the released hydrogen, and its subsequent use as one of two necessary substances (along with oxygen) to power hydrogen batteries and generate electricity capable of powering ship consumers and taking on part of the load from auxiliary diesel generators or completely eliminating the need for them.

Purified exhaust gases, from which hydrogen has already been separated, can be recirculated into the engine intake tract, which in turn will increase its efficiency, power and environmental friendliness by increasing the air charge and improving its composition with an increased oxygen content.

The installation includes an internal combustion engine, a scrubber, an electrolyzer, a filter containing graphene membranes, a compressor, a cryogenerator, an air separation device, hydrogen batteries, a main distribution board, a propulsion unit, a shaft generator and electricity consumers.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic material. The figure shows a schematic diagram of the system.

The unit for preliminary purification of exhaust gases using the “wet” method contains a scrubber 1 connected to the internal combustion engine for receiving and humidifying exhaust gases, an electrolyzer 2, the entrance to which is connected to the scrubber, and the output to a graphene labyrinth filter 3.

The hydrogen gas separation unit includes a graphene labyrinth filter 3 installed in communication with the compressor and the inlet manifold 10 of the unit for recycling purified exhaust gases.

The unit for recycling purified exhaust gases includes an intake manifold 10 for introducing purified exhaust gases into the internal combustion engine (ICE) and an exhaust manifold for releasing the remaining volume of purified exhaust gases into the atmosphere.

The unit for using the separated hydrogen gas to power the batteries contains a compressor 4, a cryogenerator 5, a hydrogen storage system 6, a high-pressure air compressor 7, an air separation unit 8, an oxygen supply device, and hydrogen batteries 9.

The exhaust gas pre-purification unit using the “wet” method is directly connected to the internal combustion engine, propulsion unit, shaft generator, and the hydrogen batteries 9 are connected to energy consumers through the main distribution board (MSB).

SYSTEM OPERATION

During its operation, a marine internal combustion engine produces exhaust gases, which are sent through the exhaust manifold to the scrubber 1, where they are bubbling and purified, after which the pre-cleaned exhaust gases with a high content of water vapor in their composition pass through the electrolyzer 2 built into the manifold, which By applying an electric current, it dissociates existing water vapor into oxygen and hydrogen. To release hydrogen, a mixture of gases is passed through a labyrinth filter 3 containing graphene matrices that do not allow any gases to pass through except hydrogen. Thanks to the design solution, the purified exhaust gases are returned back to the intake manifold of the engine 10, and the separated hydrogen is sent to the compressor 4, where it is compressed and prepared for liquefaction in the cryogenerator 5, where its compression and cooling will continue until it passes as substance into a liquid state. Liquefied hydrogen is sent to hydrogen batteries 9, and oxygen is supplied to them, obtained by separating it in an air separation device 8. The ongoing chemical reaction of combining hydrogen and oxygen creates a potential difference and, accordingly, an electric current supplied through the ship's electrical networks to the main distribution board (MSB) , from it to ship consumers of electricity.

Claims (1)

A system for the integrated recycling of exhaust gases from a ship's power plant, containing a block for preliminary purification of exhaust gases using a “wet” method, a block for the release of hydrogen gas, a block for the recycling of purified exhaust gases and a block for using the separated hydrogen gas to power batteries, while the block for pre-purification of exhaust gases the “wet” method includes a scrubber connected to the internal combustion engine for receiving and humidifying exhaust gases, an electrolyzer, the inlet of which is connected to the scrubber, and the outlet is connected to a graphene labyrinth filter, a hydrogen gas separation unit includes a graphene labyrinth filter installed in communication with the compressor and the intake manifold of the unit for recycling purified exhaust gases, and the unit for recycling purified exhaust gases includes an intake manifold for introducing purified exhaust gases into the internal combustion engine (ICE) and an exhaust manifold for releasing the remaining volume of purified exhaust gases into the atmosphere, a unit for using the separated hydrogen gas for power supply for storage batteries contains a compressor, a cryogenerator, a hydrogen storage system, a high-pressure air compressor, an air separation unit, an oxygen supply device, storage hydrogen batteries, and the exhaust gas pre-purification unit by the “wet” method is directly connected to the internal combustion engine, propulsion unit, shaft generator, and the storage hydrogen The batteries are connected to energy consumers through the main distribution board (MSB).