RU2804238C1 - Acoustic devices - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: acoustic device comprising: a piezoelectric component, wherein the piezoelectric component is configured to generate vibration under the influence of an exciting voltage; an electrode, wherein the electrode is configured to apply an exciting voltage to the piezoelectric component; and a vibration component, being mechanically or electromagnetically coupled to the piezoelectric component to receive vibration and generate sound, the piezoelectric component including: a substrate; and a piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer covers the surface of the substrate, the electrode covers the surface of the piezoelectric layer, and the coverage area of the electrode on the surface of the piezoelectric layer is less than the surface area of the substrate covered by the piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer and the substrate are aligned, and the piezoelectric layer includes the piezoelectric region both the non-piezoelectric region and the piezoelectric region and the electrode are combined. An acoustic device comprising: a piezoelectric component, wherein the piezoelectric component is configured to generate vibration under the influence of an exciting voltage; an electrode, wherein the electrode is configured to apply an exciting voltage to the piezoelectric component; and a vibration component, being mechanically or electromagnetically coupled to the piezoelectric component to receive vibration and generate sound, the piezoelectric component comprising: a substrate; and a piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer covers the surface of the substrate, wherein the piezoelectric layer includes a piezoelectric region and a non-piezoelectric region, wherein the electrode covers the surface of the piezoelectric layer; the substrate, piezoelectric layer and electrode are respectively aligned; and the coverage area of the piezoelectric region on the substrate is smaller than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer on the substrate.

EFFECT: increasing the reliability of the acoustic device and simplifying the design of the acoustic device.

9 cl, 24 dwg

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of acoustic technology and, in particular, to acoustic devices.

State of the art

An acoustic device can transmit sound by deforming a piezoelectric component in accordance with electrical energy applied to the piezoelectric component. For example, an acoustic device may generate vibrations by applying a driving voltage in the polarization direction of the piezoelectric component using the reverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric component and outputting the vibrations through a vibration output point of the piezoelectric component. Sound waves are transmitted from an acoustic device.

However, the piezoelectric component in an acoustic device has many vibration modes in the audible frequency range and cannot produce a relatively flat frequency response.

Thus, it is necessary to propose acoustic devices capable of controlling the vibration modes of a piezoelectric component.

Disclosure of the invention

One embodiment of the present disclosure may provide an acoustic device. The acoustic device contains a piezoelectric component, an electrode and a vibration component. The piezoelectric component can generate vibration under the action of a driving voltage, the electrode can apply a driving voltage to the piezoelectric component, and the vibration component can be physically connected to the piezoelectric component to receive vibration and generate sound. The piezoelectric component may include a substrate and a piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer may cover the surface of the substrate, the electrode may cover the surface of the piezoelectric layer, and the coverage area of the electrode on the surface of the piezoelectric layer may be less than the surface area of the substrate covered by the piezoelectric layer.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component may include a vibration output region.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component may further include a fixed region.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component may further include a vibration control component.

In some embodiments, the width of the electrode may be gradually reduced from the fixed area to the vibration output area.

In some embodiments, the electrode may include two closed electrode regions, wherein the two closed electrode regions have opposite potentials.

In some embodiments, a transition point may exist between two closed electrode regions, and the width of the electrode in the first closed electrode region of the two closed electrode regions may gradually decrease from the fixed region to the transition point.

In some embodiments, the width of the electrode in the second closed electrode region of the two closed electrode regions may first increase and then decrease from the transition point to the vibration output region.

In some embodiments, the width of the electrode in the fixed region may be equal to the width of the fixed region.

In some embodiments, the electrode width in the vibration output region may be 0.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer and the substrate may be combined.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer may include a piezoelectric region and a non-piezoelectric region.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric region and the electrode may be aligned.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer and the electrode may be combined.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer may include a piezoelectric plate or piezoelectric film.

In some embodiments, the electrodes may include a plurality of discrete electrode units distributed in two dimensions.

In some embodiments, in a plurality of discrete electrode assemblies, the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode assemblies at the center of the piezoelectric layer may be smaller than the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode assemblies at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer.

In some embodiments, the area of the first discrete electrode block at the center of the piezoelectric layer may be greater than the area of the second discrete electrode block at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer.

In some embodiments, the electrode may include a continuous electrode distributed in two dimensions, and the continuous electrodes may include a plurality of hollow regions.

In some embodiments, the area of the first hollow region at the center of the piezoelectric layer may be less than the area of the second hollow region at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer.

In some embodiments, the electrode may also cover a second surface opposite the surface of the piezoelectric layer, and the electrode coverage area on the second surface may be less than or equal to the surface area.

In some embodiments, the vibration control component may include a weight physically coupled to the vibration output region.

In some embodiments, the acoustic device may further include a connector, where the connector may connect the vibration component and the piezoelectric component.

In some embodiments, the acoustic device may be a bone conduction audio device.

One embodiment of the present disclosure may provide an acoustic device. The acoustic device may include a piezoelectric component, an electrode, and a vibration component. The piezoelectric component can generate vibration under the action of a driving voltage, the electrode can apply a driving voltage to the piezoelectric component, and the vibration component can be physically connected to the piezoelectric component to receive vibration and generate sound. The piezoelectric component may include a substrate and a piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer may cover a surface of the substrate, and the piezoelectric layer may include a piezoelectric region and a non-piezoelectric region, wherein an electrode may cover the surface of the piezoelectric layer, and the substrate, the piezoelectric layer, and the electrode may be aligned, respectively. The coverage area of the piezoelectric region on the substrate may be less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer on the substrate.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component may include a vibration output region.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component may further include a fixed region.

In some embodiments, the width of the piezoelectric region may gradually decrease from the fixed region to the vibration output region.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric region may include two piezoelectric scopes, and the potentials of the two electrode regions corresponding to the two piezoelectric scopes are opposite.

In some embodiments, the width of the piezoelectric region in the fixed region may be equal to the width of the fixed region.

In some embodiments, the width of the piezoelectric region in the vibration output region may be 0.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, a mode driver of the piezoelectric component may be formed by an electrode structure such that the piezoelectric component can generate a driving force for only a certain mode to output a certain vibration mode, thereby improving the sound performance of the acoustic device.

Moreover, compared with adding a mode control system consisting of various mechanical elements such as a spring, a weight and a damper in a certain area, an embodiment of the present disclosure allows mode control of a piezoelectric component to be realized based on the electrode structure, thereby simplifying the design of the acoustic device.

Brief description of drawings

The present disclosure is further illustrated by examples of embodiments. These exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. These embodiments are non-limiting exemplary embodiments in which like reference numerals denote like structures shown in the drawings in which:

fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary piezoelectric component according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portion of an exemplary piezoelectric component according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 5A is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary first order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 5B is a schematic diagram illustrating the slope of the outer contour curve of a portion of an exemplary first order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 5C is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary second order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 5D is a schematic diagram illustrating the slope of the outer contour curve of a portion of an exemplary second order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 7A illustrates the vibration mode of the piezoelectric component at the second order minimum frequency in the case where the electrode completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component (that is, the electrode and the piezoelectric component are aligned);

fig. 7B is a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component using a first order electrode at a second order minimum frequency, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 7C is a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component using a second order electrode at a second order minimum frequency, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 8A is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrode and a piezoelectric component according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 8B is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrode and a piezoelectric component according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 8C is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrode and a piezoelectric component according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 8D is an exploded view of an electrode and a piezoelectric component according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the frequency response of a piezoelectric component according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary piezoelectric component including a weight, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 11A is a schematic diagram illustrating the shape of an exemplary first order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 11B is a schematic diagram illustrating the shape of an exemplary second order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 13A illustrates a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component having a load at a second order minimum frequency and the electrode completely covering the surface of the piezoelectric component (ie, the electrode and the piezoelectric component are aligned) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 13B is a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component including a first order electrode that is configured by attaching a weight at a second order minimum frequency according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 13C is a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component including a second order electrode that is configured without attaching a weight at a second order minimum frequency according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 13D is a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component including a second order electrode that is configured by attaching a weight at the second order minimum frequency according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 14A is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary two-dimensional electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 14B is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary two-dimensional electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 14C is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary two-dimensional electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 14D is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary two-dimensional electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 15A is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

in fig. 15B is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 15C is a schematic diagram illustrating vibrational displacement at a frequency of 5380.3 Hz of a piezoelectric component covering an integral electrode, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 15D is a schematic diagram illustrating vibrational displacement at a frequency of 5380.3 Hz of a piezoelectric component covering 8x8 discrete electrode assemblies, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 16A is a vibration mode illustrating the first order vibration mode of a rectangular piezoelectric component in the case where the electrode is completely covered by the rectangular piezoelectric component (ie, an integral electrode) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 16B illustrates a vibration mode of the rectangular piezoelectric component in a case where the electrode is completely covered by the rectangular piezoelectric component (ie, integral electrode) at high frequencies according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 16C is a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component covering a two-dimensional electrode including 16x8 discrete electrode units at high frequencies, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 16D is a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component covering a two-dimensional electrode including 32x16 discrete electrode blocks at high frequencies, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 17A is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary two-dimensional electrode including individual electrode assemblies, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 17B is a schematic diagram illustrating an example discrete electrode assembly of a two-dimensional electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 17C is a schematic diagram illustrating a first order electrode shape corresponding to an equivalent rectangle with a beam secured at both ends, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 18 is a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component coated with the two-dimensional electrode shown in FIG. 17B, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 19A is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary continuous electrode distributed in two dimensions, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 19B is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary continuous electrode distributed in two dimensions, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 19C is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary continuous electrode distributed in two dimensions, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 23A is a vibration mode illustrating an acoustic device using an integral electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 23B is a vibration mode illustrating an acoustic device using a first order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; And

fig. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

100 - acoustic device; 110 - vibration component; 120 - piezoelectric component; 130 - electrode; 130-1 - first order electrode; 130-2 - second order electrode; 123 - vibration output area; 121 - substrate; 122 - piezoelectric layer; 124 - fixed area; 131 - first electrode coverage area; 132 - second electrode coverage area; 133 - point; 1221 - piezoelectric region; 1222 - non-piezoelectric region; 140 - cargo; 141 - second vibration output area; 134 - discrete electrode block; 1341 - the first discrete electrode block; 1342 - second discrete electrode block; 1343 - third discrete electrode block; 1344 - fourth discrete electrode block; 171 - connector; 172 - second form; 135 - continuous electrode; 136 - hollow area; 1361 - first hollow area; 1362 - second hollow area; 170 - load.

Carrying out the invention

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below, and the accompanying drawings, which are necessary for describing the embodiments, will be briefly described below. It will be appreciated that the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art may also apply the present disclosure to other similar situations in accordance with these drawings without creative effort. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to like elements or operations unless the context clearly indicates or the context indicates otherwise.

It should be understood that as used herein, the terms “system”, “device”, “unit” and/or “module” are a means of distinguishing between various components, elements, parts, sections or assemblies at different levels. However, the terms may be replaced by another expression if they serve the same purpose.

As used in this disclosure and the accompanying claims, the singular forms include the plural forms of the subject matter unless the context clearly requires otherwise. Generally speaking, the terms “include” and “comprise” only indicate that steps and elements that have been clearly identified are included, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exhaustive list. The method or equipment may also include other steps or elements.

Flow diagrams are used in the present disclosure to illustrate operations performed by a system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that previous or subsequent operations are not necessarily performed in exact order. Instead, the steps can be performed in reverse order or simultaneously. In addition, one or more other operations may be added to the flowcharts, or one or more operations may be removed from the flowcharts.

An acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure can output sound through vibrations generated by a piezoelectric component for use in various locations where sound needs to be produced. For example, the acoustic device may be an independent audio output device (eg, stereo device, headphones, etc.) and may reproduce audio according to user instructions. As another example, the acoustic device may be a module or component of a terminal device (eg, a mobile phone, computer, etc.) and may reproduce audio in accordance with instructions from the terminal device. In some embodiments, the acoustic device may also adjust the deformation of the piezoelectric component to produce different vibrations according to a desired frequency, desired volume, and other output sound parameters, such that the vibration component outputs different sounds according to different vibrations.

In some embodiments, the acoustic device may be a bone conduction acoustic device, and the vibration component in the bone conduction acoustic device may combine with the user's human body tissue and transmit the sound wave emitted by the vibration component to the user's inner ear through the user's bone. In some embodiments, the acoustic device may also be other types of acoustic devices, such as an air conduction acoustic device, a hearing aid, glasses, a helmet, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, etc., or alternatively the acoustic device may be configured to output sound as part of an integrated audio system or an audio system designed for indoor use.

Currently, a piezoelectric component in an acoustic device may have many vibration modes in the audible frequency range, so it is impossible to generate a relatively flat frequency response. In addition to this, the vibration output region of the piezoelectric component can also form nodes at certain frequencies, affecting the sound output.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an acoustic device. The acoustic device may include a piezoelectric component, an electrode, and a vibration component. The piezoelectric component can generate vibration when subjected to driving voltage. The electrode may apply a driving voltage to the piezoelectric component, and the vibration component may be physically coupled to the piezoelectric component to receive vibration and produce sound. The piezoelectric component may include a substrate and a piezoelectric layer. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer may cover the surface of the substrate, the electrode may cover the surface of the piezoelectric layer, and the coverage area of the electrode on the surface of the piezoelectric layer may be less than the area covered by the piezoelectric layer substrate. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer may cover the surface of the substrate, the electrode may cover the surface of the piezoelectric layer, and the substrate, the piezoelectric layer, and the electrode may be combined, respectively. The piezoelectric layer may include a piezoelectric region and a non-piezoelectric region, and the coverage area of the piezoelectric region on the substrate may be less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer on the substrate.

In some embodiments, a mode driver of the piezoelectric component may be formed by designing an electrode such that the piezoelectric component can only produce a driving force for a specific mode to output a specific vibration mode, thereby improving the sound performance of the acoustic device.

Moreover, compared with a mode control system composed of mechanical elements such as a spring, a weight and a damper in a certain area, the mode control of a piezoelectric component can be realized based on the electrode structure, and the acoustic device can be simplified.

In fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary acoustic device 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the acoustic device 100 may include a vibration component 110, a piezoelectric component 120, and an electrode 130. The piezoelectric component 120 may generate vibration under the influence of a driving voltage. Electrode 130 may apply a driving voltage to piezoelectric component 120, and vibration component 110 may be physically (eg, mechanically or electromagnetically) coupled to piezoelectric component 120 to receive vibrations and produce sound.

The vibration component 110 may be configured as a component that transmits vibrations and produces sound. In some embodiments, the vibration component 110 may include a resilient element. The elastic element can respond to vibrations and deform to change the sound pressure around it, thereby producing sound waves and outputting sound. In some embodiments, the elastic member may include a vibration transmitting portion, a rubber portion, an elastic portion, or the like. or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the elastic member material may be any material that has the ability to transmit vibration. For example, the elastic member material may be silicone, plastic, rubber, metal, or the like. or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the vibration component 110 may be a membrane structure (e.g., an air conduction vibration membrane, etc.), a plate structure (e.g., a bone conduction vibration panel, etc.), a mesh structure, or a sandwich structure, or etc.

An exemplary acoustic device 100 is presented below to describe an exemplary vibration component 110.

In fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary acoustic device 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, one end of the vibration component 110 may be connected to the vibration output region 123 of the piezoelectric component 120 for receiving vibrations. The other end of the vibration component 110 may output sound. For example, the vibration component 110 may transmit sound waves to the user through one or more media (e.g., air, the user's bone, etc.) so that the user can hear the sound output by the acoustic device 100.

The piezoelectric component 120 may be configured as an electrical energy conversion device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may be deformed by the driving voltage to produce vibration. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may be in the shape of a sheet, ring, prism, cuboid, column, and sphere, or may have other irregular shapes. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may include a substrate 121 and a piezoelectric layer 122.

The substrate 121 may be configured as a carrier that carries components and an element that deforms in response to vibrations. In some embodiments, the material of the substrate 121 may include a combination of one or more metals (eg, copper-clad foil, steel, etc.), phenolic resin, cross-linked polystyrene, or the like. In some embodiments, the shape of the substrate 121 may be determined according to the shape of the piezoelectric component 120. For example, if the piezoelectric component 120 is a piezoelectric beam, the substrate 121 may be suitably arranged in a strip shape. As another example, if the piezoelectric component 120 is a piezoelectric film, the substrate 121 may be suitably formed in the form of a plate or in the form of a sheet.

The piezoelectric layer 122 may be a component configured with a piezoelectric effect and/or an inverse piezoelectric effect. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer 122 may cover one or more surfaces of the substrate 121 and deform under the driving voltage, causing the substrate 121 to deform, thereby causing oscillation in the output of the piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, the entire piezoelectric layer 122 may be a piezoelectric region, that is, the piezoelectric layer 122 may be made of a piezoelectric material. In some embodiments, piezoelectric layer 122 may include a piezoelectric region and a non-piezoelectric region. The piezoelectric region and the non-piezoelectric region may be coupled to form a piezoelectric layer 122. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric region may be made of a piezoelectric material and the non-piezoelectric region may be made of a non-piezoelectric material. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material may include a piezoelectric crystal, a piezoelectric ceramic, a piezoelectric polymer, and the like. or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric crystal may include a crystal, sphalerite, boracite, tourmaline, zincite, gallium arsenide (GaAs), barium titanate and a crystal of its derivative structure, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH ₂ PO ₄ ), NaKC ₄ H ₄ O ₆ · 4H ₂ O (segnet) or the like. or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, piezoelectric ceramic may refer to a piezoelectric polycrystal formed by an irregular array of fine grains produced by solid state reaction and sintering of powders of various materials. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric ceramic material may include barium titanate (BT), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead barium lithium niobate (PBLN), modified lead titanate (PT), aluminum nitride (AIN), and zinc oxide (ZnO) or the like. or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric polymer material may include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc. In some embodiments, the non-piezoelectric material may include ceramic and rubber. In some embodiments, the mechanical properties of the non-piezoelectric material may be similar to those of the piezoelectric material. In some embodiments, descriptions regarding the piezoelectric region and the non-piezoelectric region can be found elsewhere in the present disclosure (eg, FIG. 8A or FIG. 8D).

The electrode 130 may be configured as an element that applies a driving voltage to the piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, the electrode 130 may be a combination of one or more electrode materials, such as a metal electrode (e.g., a copper electrode, a silver electrode, etc. ), a redox electrode (for example, a Pt|Fe and Fe electrode, a Pt|Mn MnO electrode), an insoluble salt electrode (for example, a calomel electrode, a mercuric oxide electrode), or the like. In some embodiments, the electrode 130 may be located on at least one surface of the piezoelectric layer 122, such as on two opposing surfaces of the piezoelectric layer 122. In some embodiments, the electrode 130 may be located on the surface of the piezoelectric layer 122 by one or more bonding methods, such as such as coating, pasting and gluing.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer 122 may cover at least one surface of the substrate 121. In some embodiments, the electrode 130 may cover at least one surface of the piezoelectric layer 122. FIG. 3 and 4, two exemplary acoustic devices 100 are shown to describe placement between the substrate 121, the piezoelectric layer 122, and the electrode 130.

In fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary piezoelectric component 120 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, the piezoelectric component 120 may be a piezoelectric cantilever beam. The substrate 121 may carry a piezoelectric layer 122 and an electrode 130 (shown as a triangular area). In some embodiments, electrodes 130 may be located on one or more surfaces of the piezoelectric layer 122 to apply an excitation voltage to the piezoelectric layer 122. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer 122 may cover one or more surfaces of the substrate 121. When the piezoelectric layer 122 is deformed by the excitation voltage voltage, the substrate 121 may also be deformed, so the vibration output region of the piezoelectric component 120 may output vibration. For example, the piezoelectric layer 122 may cover only one surface of the substrate 121. As another example, as shown in FIG. 3, two piezoelectric layers 122 may cover two opposing surfaces of the substrate 121, respectively.

In fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portion of an exemplary piezoelectric component 120 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the piezoelectric component 120 may be a piezoelectric plate (or piezoelectric film). The substrate 121 may carry a piezoelectric layer 122 and an electrode 130 (shown as a plurality of two-dimensional distributed squares). In some embodiments, the area of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be greater or less than the area of the substrate 121. In some embodiments, the electrode 130 may be located on one or more surfaces of the piezoelectric plate to apply an exciting voltage to the piezoelectric plate. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer 122 may cover one or more surfaces of the substrate 121. When the piezoelectric layer 122 is deformed by the driving voltage, the substrate 121 may also deform so that the vibration output region of the piezoelectric plate can output vibrations. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the piezoelectric layer 122 may cover only one surface of the substrate 121. As another example, two piezoelectric layers 122 may cover two opposing surfaces of the substrate 121, respectively.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may include a vibration output region 123 for transmitting vibrations generated by the piezoelectric component 120 to the vibration component 110. In some embodiments, the vibration output region 123 may be a surface, an edge, a point, or the like. , or any combination thereof. As shown in FIG. 3, when the piezoelectric component 120 is a piezoelectric cantilever beam, an edge or partial surface area of the piezoelectric component 120 may be a vibration output region 123. As shown in FIG. 4, when the piezoelectric component 120 is a piezoelectric plate or a piezoelectric film, the inner region of the piezoelectric component 120 (eg, the center region of the vibration plane) may be a vibration output region 123.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may also include a fixed region 124. The fixed region 124 may be configured to fix a portion of the piezoelectric component 120 and suppress vibration of the piezoelectric component 120 in that region, so that most of the vibration of the piezoelectric component 120 can be removed from the region 123 vibration outputs. In some embodiments, fixed region 124 may correspond to vibration output region 123. As shown in FIG. 3, when the piezoelectric component 120 is a piezoelectric cantilever beam, one end of the piezoelectric component 120 in the length direction may be a vibration output region 123, and the other end in the length direction corresponding to the vibration output region 123 may be a fixed region 124. For example, when the piezoelectric component 120 is a piezoelectric plate or piezoelectric film, vibration output region 123 may be an interior region of piezoelectric component 120, and a boundary region of piezoelectric component 120 may be a fixed region 124.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may not have a fixed region 124, and vibration may be transmitted through the vibration output region 123 to reduce processing operations and cost, and the piezoelectric component 120 can be easily moved.

In some embodiments, the vibration of the piezoelectric component 120 may include one or more vibration modes. The vibration modes may be a natural vibration characteristic of the piezoelectric component 120. If the electrode shape is not properly formed, multiple vibration modes of the piezoelectric component 120 may occur, making the amplitude-frequency response unstable and causing knots to appear in the vibration output region of the piezoelectric component 120 at certain frequencies. , thereby affecting the output sound.

In some embodiments, the shape of the electrode 130 may be configured such that the electrode 130 forms a piezoelectric mode driver for outputting an exciting force, and the piezoelectric component 120 can only produce a certain mode composition. In some embodiments, the coverage area of the electrode 130 on the surface of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be less than the surface area of the substrate 121 covered by the piezoelectric layer 122, thereby implementing the electrode design. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the area of the electrode 130 (shown as a triangle) may be less than the area of the piezoelectric layer 122 and the area of the substrate 121. The piezoelectric layer 122 and the substrate 121 may be combined (that is, the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 on the substrate 121 is the entire surface area of one surface substrates 121). As another example, as shown in FIG. 4, the area of the electrode 130 (shown as a plurality of two-dimensional distributed squares) may be less than the area of the piezoelectric layer 122 and the area of the substrate 121. The piezoelectric layer 122 and the substrate 121 may be aligned (i.e., the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 on the substrate 121 is the entire area surface of one surface of the substrate 121).

In some embodiments, the profile curve of electrode 130 may be determined in accordance with a vibration mode function from vibrations of the piezoelectric component 120 to effect mode control of the piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, the vibration mode function of the piezoelectric component 120 may include a first order vibration mode, second order vibration mode, etc. Accordingly, the electrode 130 may include a first order electrode 130-1 corresponding to a first order vibration mode and a second order electrode 130-2 corresponding to a second order vibration mode.

Taking the piezoelectric cantilever beam shown in FIG. 3, two exemplary first order electrodes 130-1 and second order electrodes 130-2 are presented below, respectively, to describe the electrode structure.

In fig. 5A is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary first order electrode 130-1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In fig. 5B is a schematic diagram illustrating the slope of the outer contour curve of a portion of an exemplary first order electrode 130-1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the width of the electrode 130 may gradually decrease from the fixed area 124 to the vibration output area 123. As used herein, the term “width of electrode 130” may refer to the length of electrode 130 in the width direction of the piezoelectric component 120 (eg, in the width direction of the piezoelectric cantilever beam). The width (e.g., d1, d2, as shown in FIG. 5A) of the electrode 130 at a certain position may be equal to the distance between two intersections of a line perpendicular to the central axis of the piezoelectric component 120 along the length direction and the outer contour of the electrode 130 at a certain position. In some embodiments, the width of the electrode 130 may be gradually reduced from a fixed area 124 to a vibration output area 123 and may include one or any combination of a gradient reduction, a linear reduction, or a curved reduction in the width direction. As shown in FIG. 5A, the width of the first order electrode 130-1 may decrease curvilinearly from the left side (eg, fixed area 124) to the right side (eg, vibration output area 123). As shown in FIG. 5B, the absolute value of the slope of the outer contour curve of the first order electrode 130-1 in the area above the central axis can gradually decrease with increasing length from the fixed vibration region 124, and decrease to 0 in the vibration output region 123. In some embodiments, electrode 130 may be positioned symmetrically. For example, electrode 130 may be positioned symmetrically with respect to the central axis of piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, electrode 130 may also be positioned asymmetrically. In some embodiments, the shape curve (i.e., outer contour) of electrode 130 may be a trigonometric function (e.g., a sine function, a cosine function, etc.), a hyperbolic function (e.g., a hyperbolic sine function, a hyperbolic cosine function, etc.) .) or the like. or any combination (for example, a linear combination of them).

In fig. 5C is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary second order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In fig. 5D is a schematic diagram illustrating the slope of the outer contour curve of a portion of an exemplary second order electrode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, electrode 130 may include two closed electrode regions, and the two closed electrode regions have opposite potentials. The electrode confinement region may be a region in which the conductive medium of the electrode 130 is located, and the electrode confinement potential may be a voltage within the electrode confinement region. For example, as shown in FIG. 5C, the voltage within the first closed electrode region 131 for the second order electrode 130-2 may be positive, and the voltage within the second closed electrode region 132 may be negative. Alternatively, the voltage within the first electrode coating region 131 may be negative, and the voltage within the second electrode coating region 132 may be positive.

In some alternative embodiments, when the polarization directions of the two closed electrode regions are the same, it is possible to control the two closed electrode regions to externally connect the potentials in the opposite direction, so that the potentials of the two closed electrode regions are opposite. In some alternative embodiments, when the polarization directions of the two closed electrode regions are opposite, the two closed electrode regions can be controlled to externally connect potentials in the same direction so that the potentials of the two closed electrode regions are opposite.

In some embodiments, a transition point 133 may exist between two closed electrode regions, and the electrode width in the first closed electrode region 131 of the two closed electrode regions may gradually decrease from the fixed region 124 to the transition point 133.

In some embodiments, the transition point 133 may be a point where the potential between the closed electrode regions is 0, and the potentials of the regions (eg, two closed electrode regions) on either side of the point are opposite. In some embodiments, the transition point 133 may be configured to distinguish between closed regions of the electrode. For example, the closed electrode region between the fixed region 124 and the transition point 133 may be the first closed electrode region 131. The width (d3, as shown in FIG. 5C) of the electrode in the first closed electrode region 131 at a certain position may be equal to the distance between two intersections of a line perpendicular to the central axis of the piezoelectric component 120 in the length direction and the outer contour of the electrode 130 at that position. In some embodiments, reducing the width of the first enclosed electrode region 131 may include one or any combination of a gradient reduction, a linear reduction, or a curved reduction.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5C, when the electrode 130 is a second-order electrode 130-2, the potential of the transition point 131 may be 0, and the potentials of the first closed electrode region 131 and the second closed electrode region 132 are opposite. In addition, the width of the first closed electrode region 131 may decrease curvilinearly from the left side (eg, fixed region 124) to the transition point 133. As shown in FIG. 5D, in the first closed electrode region 131, the absolute value of the slope of the second-order outer contour curve of the electrode 130-2 along the portion above the central axis may gradually decrease with increasing length from the fixed vibration region 124 to the transition point 133.

In some embodiments, the electrode width of the second closed electrode region 132 of the two closed electrode regions may first increase and then decrease from the transition point 133 to the vibration output region 123. The width of the electrode in the second enclosed electrode region 132 at a particular position (e.g., d4 as shown in FIG. 5C) may be equal to the distance between two intersections of a line perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis of the piezoelectric component 120 and the outer contour of the electrode 130 at that position. In some embodiments, the closed electrode region between the transition point 133 and the vibration output region 123 may be a second closed electrode region 132. In some embodiments, the electrode width in the second enclosed electrode region 132 may first increase and then decrease. The reduction may include one or more reduction methods such as a gradient change, a linear change, or a curvilinear change. For example, as shown in FIG. 5C, the electrode width in the second enclosed electrode region 132 may increase curvilinearly on the left side (eg, from the transition point 133), and the increased amplitude becomes progressively smaller until the width reaches a maximum, at which point the electrode width begins to decrease curvilinearly to the region 123 vibration outputs. The reduced amplitude first increases and then decreases. As shown in FIG. 5D, in the second closed electrode region 132, the absolute value of the slope of the second-order outer contour curve of the electrode 130-2 along the portion above the central axis may first decrease from the transition point 133 as the length increases and then decrease to 0 at the widest point of the second closed electrode region 132 . Then, as the length increases, the absolute value of the slope of the curve first increases and then decreases to 0 in the vibration output region 123.

In some embodiments, electrode 130 may further include one or more closed regions, such as a third closed electrode region and a fourth closed electrode region. The shape and number of enclosed regions of the electrode can be determined in accordance with the vibration mode function of the piezoelectric component 120 to be controlled.

In some embodiments, the width of the electrode 130 in the fixed area 124 may be equal to the width of the fixed area 124. As shown in FIG. 5A and 5C, the width of the fixed region 124 may be equal to D, and accordingly, the width of the electrode 130 in the fixed region 124 may also be equal to D.

In some alternative embodiments, the width of the electrode 130 in the fixed region 124 may not be equal to the width of the fixed region 124. For example, the width of the electrode 130 may be less than the width of the fixed region 124 or greater than the width of the fixed region 124.

In some embodiments, the width of the electrode 130 in the vibration output region 123 may be 0. As shown in FIG. 5A and 5C, the width of the electrode 130 in the vibration output region 123 may be 0.

In some alternative embodiments, the width of the electrode 130 in the vibration output region 123 may not be equal to 0. For example, the width of the electrode 130 in the vibration output region 123 may be less than the width of the electrode 130 in the fixed region 124 and greater than 0.

In fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, curve 1 is the amplitude-frequency response in the vibration output region of the piezoelectric component 120 when the electrode 130 completely covers one surface of the piezoelectric component 120 (that is, the electrode 130 and the piezoelectric component 120 are aligned). Curve 2 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 including the first order electrode, as shown in FIG. 5A. Curve 3 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 including the second order electrode, as shown in FIG. 5C (and the potentials of the two closed regions are opposite).

As shown in FIG. 6, curve 1 may have a first-order maximum and a second-order minimum, which may reflect that when the electrode 130 completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component 120 (that is, the electrode 130 and the piezoelectric component 120 are aligned), the piezoelectric component 120 has a relatively complex vibration mode in the high frequency range and especially significantly different vibration characteristics in the range from 500 Hz to 3000 Hz. After coating the first-order electrode on the piezoelectric component 120, the frequency range of the first-order vibration mode of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 2 can be expanded, the second-order minimum disappears, and a narrowband waveform jump can be generated at the frequency of the second-order maximum (for example, about 3000 Hz), and the amplitude of the second-order maximum can also be reduced. Thus, the first order electrode 130-1 may cause the vibration response of the piezoelectric component 120 to be flat between the first order maximum and the second order maximum. After coating the second order electrode 130-2 (and after the potentials of the two enclosed regions become opposite) on the piezoelectric component 120, the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 3 may have a second order vibration mode from the low frequency stage (e.g. , 0-100 Hz) and a narrow-band waveform jump produced at the first-order maximum frequency (for example, between 500 Hz and 600 Hz). The amplitude of the first order maximum can be reduced. After the maximum frequency, curve 3 corresponds to a second-order vibration mode up to the third-order maximum frequency (for example, 9000 Hz). Thus, the second order electrode 130-2 may cause the piezoelectric component 120 to have a second order vibration mode from a low frequency stage to a third order maximum. According to curves 2 and 3, the first-order electrode and the second-order electrode (and the potentials of the two closed regions are opposite) have mode control effects. As used herein, the term “peak frequency” may refer to the frequency of the peak (e.g., first-order peak, second-order peak, third-order peak, etc.) of the piezoelectric component 120 when the electrode 130 completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component 120 (ie, the electrode 130 and the piezoelectric component 120 are aligned).

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6, curve 4 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 covering the second-order electrode 130-1 (the potentials of the two closed regions are the same), as shown in FIG. 5C; curve 5 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 covering the triangular electrode (that is, an isosceles triangle formed by the stationary region 124 and the center points of the vibration output region 123 of the piezoelectric electrode component 120). When covering a triangular electrode, although the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown by curve 5 still has a second-order minimum, the second-order minimum lags significantly compared with curve 1, in which the piezoelectric component 120 is completely covered by the electrode. Thus, the triangular electrode 130 may cause the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 between the first-order maximum frequency and the second-order minimum frequency to be flat. After covering the electrode 130-2 with a second order (the potentials of the two closed regions are opposite), the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown by curve 4 may be similar to curve 1 (electrode 130 completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component 120).

In fig. 7A shows the vibration mode of the piezoelectric component 120 at the second order minimum frequency in the case where the electrode completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component (ie, the electrode and the piezoelectric component are aligned). In fig. 7B shows the vibration mode of a piezoelectric component using a first order electrode at a second order minimum frequency, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 7C shows the vibration mode of a piezoelectric component using a second order electrode at a second order minimum frequency, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6 and fig. 7A-7C, when the electrode completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component (that is, the electrode and the piezoelectric component are aligned), the vibration response of the piezoelectric component 120 fluctuates greatly at the second-order minimum frequency (eg, 1622 Hz), and the amplitude-frequency response may not be flat. However, the vibration response of the piezoelectric component 120 covering the electrode (for example, the first order electrode 130-1 or the second order electrode 130-2) has less fluctuation, the frequency response may be flat, and therefore it is difficult to form a node.

In some embodiments, a mode driver of the piezoelectric component 120 may be formed by coating an electrode 130 configured in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure such that the piezoelectric component 120 can only produce a driving force for a specific mode to output a specific vibration mode, thereby improving the acoustic performance of the acoustic device. devices. Moreover, the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 can be stable, thereby preventing the formation of nodes in the vibration output region 123 of the piezoelectric component 120 and improving the operational reliability of the acoustic device 100.

In addition, compared with a mode control system consisting of mechanical elements such as a spring, a weight, and a damper in a specific area, embodiments of the present disclosure enable mode control of the piezoelectric component 120 to be realized based on the configuration of the electrode 130 and a simplified design of the acoustic device 100 .

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may also be designed in accordance with the design of the electrode 130. Specific embodiments of the design of the piezoelectric component 120 may be described in detail below using several example designs using the one-dimensional first order electrode 130-1 as an example.

In fig. 8A is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrode 130 and a piezoelectric component 120 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 8B is a schematic diagram illustrating electrode 130 and piezoelectric component 120 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 8C is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrode 130 and a piezoelectric component 120 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 8D shows an exploded view of an electrode 130 and a piezoelectric component 120 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the triangular areas (or triangular-like areas) shown in FIG. 8A-8D are for illustration purposes only and are not used to determine the shape of the electrodes.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the substrate 121 may be rectangular, and the piezoelectric layer 122 may be a rectangular piezoelectric beam (for example, the entire piezoelectric layer 122 is a piezoelectric region) that is aligned with the substrate 121, and the electrode 130 may be a first order electrode 130-1. The coverage area of the electrode 130 (shown as a triangular area) is less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 and is equal to the surface area of the substrate 121 covering the piezoelectric layer 122.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8A, the substrate 121 may be rectangular, the piezoelectric layer 122 may be a rectangular piezoelectric beam aligned with the substrate 121, and the electrode 130 may be a first order electrode 130-1. Piezoelectric layer 122 may include a piezoelectric region 1221 (made of a piezoelectric material) and a non-piezoelectric region 1222 (made of a non-piezoelectric material). The piezoelectric region 1221 may be aligned with the first order electrode 130-1 (the dotted line within the piezoelectric region 1221 is only used to distinguish the piezoelectric region 1221 and the electrode 130 and is not used to determine the size of the piezoelectric region 1221 and the electrode 130). That is, the coverage area of the electrode 130 (shown as a triangular area) is equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric region 1221, less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122, and equal to the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8B, the substrate 121 may be rectangular, the electrode 130 may be a first order electrode 130-1. The piezoelectric layer 122 may be aligned with the electrode 130, and the coverage areas of the piezoelectric layer 122 and the electrode 130 may be less than the surface area of the substrate 121 covering the piezoelectric layer 122. The coverage area of the electrode 130 (shown in the triangular area) is equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 or less. the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122. That is, the piezoelectric material in the region where the electrode does not cover the piezoelectric layer 122 can be removed and the substrate can still be a rectangular beam.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8C, the electrode 130 may be a first order electrode 130-1, and the substrate 121 and the piezoelectric layer 122 may be combined with the electrode 130. That is, the coverage area of the electrode 130 (shown as a triangle area) is equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 and is equal to the surface area substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer 122 may be combined with the substrate 121. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 or fig. 8C, the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 is equal to the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122. In some alternative embodiments, the piezoelectric layer 122 may not be aligned with the substrate 121. For example, as shown in FIG. 8B, the area of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be less than the area of the substrate 121.

In some embodiments, the entire piezoelectric layer 122 may be a piezoelectric region. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, fig. 8B or FIG. 8C, the piezoelectric layer 122 may be fully supported by the piezoelectric material. In some embodiments, piezoelectric layer 122 may include a piezoelectric region 1221 and a non-piezoelectric region 1222. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the piezoelectric layer 122 may include a piezoelectric region 1221 made of a piezoelectric material and a non-piezoelectric region 1222 made of a non-piezoelectric material. The area of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be equal to the sum of the areas of the piezoelectric region 1221 and the non-piezoelectric region 1222.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric region 1221 may be combined with the electrode 130. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the piezoelectric area 1221 in the piezoelectric layer 122 may be equal to the coverage area of the electrode 130, and the spatial positions of the piezoelectric layer 122 and the electrode 130 may be aligned with each other.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer 122 may be combined with the electrode 130. For example, as shown in FIG. 8B or FIG. 8C, the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be equal to the coverage area of the electrode 130, and the spatial positions of the piezoelectric layer 122 and the electrode 130 may be aligned with each other.

In some embodiments, the working electrode portion of the electrode 130 may produce a specific mode for the piezoelectric component 120 by designing the shape of the electrode 130 cover and the piezoelectric region. For example, piezoelectric layer 122 may include a piezoelectric region made of a piezoelectric material and a non-piezoelectric region made of a non-piezoelectric material. The sum of the areas of the piezoelectric region and the non-piezoelectric region may be equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 on the substrate 121, and the substrate 121 and the piezoelectric layer 122 may be aligned. The sum of the areas of the piezoelectric region and the non-piezoelectric region may be equal to the coverage area of the electrode 130 on the piezoelectric layer 122, that is, the electrode 130 and the piezoelectric layer 122 may be combined. In some embodiments, the coverage area of the piezoelectric region on the substrate 121 may be less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 on the substrate 121. For example, as shown in FIG. 8D, the substrate 121 may be rectangular, the piezoelectric layer 122 may be a rectangular piezoelectric beam aligned with the substrate 121, and the electrode 130 may be a rectangular electrode. The piezoelectric layer 122 may include a piezoelectric region 1221 and a non-piezoelectric region 1222. The shape and area of the piezoelectric region 1221 (which is shown as a shaded region) is used to define the operating area of the rectangular electrode 130. That is, the area of the piezoelectric region 1221 is less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 , is equal to the coverage area of the electrode 130 and is equal to the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122. The portion of the electrode 130 that covers the piezoelectric region 1221 may supply a driving voltage to the piezoelectric component 120, that is, the portion of the electrode 130 may be a working portion of the electrode. The portion of the electrode 130 that covers the non-piezoelectric region 1222 may only act as a conductive component for transmitting electrical energy to the working portion of the electrode. Therefore, the covering area of the piezoelectric region 1221 on the substrate 121 can be considered as the working area area of the electrode 130. Thus, the electrode 130 can be designed by designing the piezoelectric region 1221 such that the portion of the electrode 130 that covers the piezoelectric region 122 can control the piezoelectric component 120 to output of a certain mode.

In fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the frequency response of a piezoelectric component 120 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, curve 6 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 when the rectangular electrode completely covers the surface of the rectangular piezoelectric component (ie, the electrode, the piezoelectric component, and the substrate are aligned). Curve 7 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in FIG. 3 (that is, the coverage area of the electrode 130 is less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 and equal to the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122). Curve 8 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in FIG. 8A or FIG. 8D (that is, the coverage area of the electrode 130 is equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric region 1221, is less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 and is equal to the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122, or the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer is less than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122, is equal to the coverage area electrode 130 and is equal to the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122). Curve 9 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in FIG. 8B (that is, the coverage area of the electrode 130 is equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 and less than the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122), and the curve 10 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in FIG. 8C (that is, the coverage area of the electrode 130 is equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 and is equal to the surface area of the substrate 121 that covers the piezoelectric layer 122).

As shown in FIG. 9, when the electrode completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component (that is, the electrode and the piezoelectric component are aligned), the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown by curve 6 has a first-order maximum and a second-order minimum, and the piezoelectric component 120 has many modes. Curve 7 and curve 8 of the amplitude-frequency characteristics are similar, which may reflect the similarity of the amplitude-frequency characteristics in the case when the piezoelectric material in the area not covered by the electrode is replaced by a non-piezoelectric material (or the working area of the electrode is limited by the shape of the piezoelectric area) compared to the entire area made of piezoelectric material. The amplitude of the amplitude-frequency response curve 9 can increase significantly, with the low-frequency maximum shifting to the high-frequency region, and the second-order vibration mode is significantly suppressed and smoothly transitions to the third-order minimum, which may reflect the removal of piezoelectric material in the region that is not covered by the electrode 130, therefore the piezoelectric layer 122 is aligned with the electrode 130, and when the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 (or electrode 130) is less than the surface area of the substrate 121 covering the piezoelectric layer 122, mode control can be achieved. The frequency response shown by curve 10 still has a first-order maximum and a second-order minimum, and there are still many modes, which may reflect that when the substrate 121, the piezoelectric layer 122, and the electrode 130 are collectively shaped electrode 130-1 of the first order, the amplitude-frequency characteristics are consistent with the amplitude-frequency characteristics in the case where the electrode completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component (that is, the electrode and the piezoelectric component are aligned). Thus, the shape of the first order electrode 130-1 can influence the vibration mode of the rectangular piezoelectric cantilever beam. However, the shape of the first order electrode 130-1 may not control the vibration mode of the piezoelectric cantilever beam, which has the same shape as the shape of the first order electrode 130-1.

In some embodiments, the use of a first order electrode 130-1 to cover the piezoelectric layer 122 versus the use of a first order electrode 130-1 to cover the piezoelectric region 1221 and another region of the piezoelectric layer 122 is replaced by a non-piezoelectric region 1222 made of a non-piezoelectric material, wherein the potential distribution of the piezoelectric layer 122 is the same. For example, when the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric component 120 is about 100 Hz, there is no potential difference in the region of the piezoelectric layer 122 that is not covered by the first order electrode 130-1 in the piezoelectric component 120, as shown in FIG. 3. After replacing the material of the uncovered area of the electrode 130 on the piezoelectric layer 122, as shown in FIG. 8A, for a non-piezoelectric material, the non-piezoelectric area that is not covered by the electrode has no electrical characteristics.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may be configured to match the design of the electrode 130, and the piezoelectric material of the region that does not cover the electrode in the piezoelectric component 120 may be replaced with a non-piezoelectric material to ensure that the piezoelectric component 120 can normally output vibrations. , while reducing the cost of manufacturing the piezoelectric component 120.

In fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary piezoelectric component 120 including a weight 140 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the vibration output region of the piezoelectric component 120 may be coupled to the vibration component 110 and/or other components. In some embodiments, the vibration component 110 and/or other components may be represented in a simplified manner as a weight 140 to plot the profile curve of the electrode 130. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the vibration output region 123 of the piezoelectric component 120 can be connected to the weight 140. The weight 140 can transmit vibration and output vibrations through the second vibration output region 141. In some embodiments, the second vibration output region 141 may include a surface, an edge, a point, or the like. cargo 140 or any combination thereof. As shown in FIG. 10, the second vibration output region 141 may include a center point of the weight 140. A specific implementation of the second vibration output region 141 may be referred to as a corresponding description of FIG. 3-4, which is not repeated here.

In some embodiments, the profile curve of the electrode 130 may be determined according to the mass ratio between the piezoelectric component 120 and the weight 140 and the vibration structure of the piezoelectric component 120 to effect mode control of the piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, the mass ratio between the piezoelectric component 120 and the weight 140 may include the ratio of the mass of the weight 140 to the mass of the piezoelectric component 120, that is, the ratio α of mass. For example, the mass ratio α may include 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, or the like. Taking as an example the piezoelectric cantilever beam shown below in FIG. 10, several exemplary first order electrodes 130-1 and second order electrodes 130-2 are provided for a detailed description of a particular mass ratio implementation.

In fig. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating the shape of an exemplary first order electrode 130-1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In fig. 11B is a schematic diagram illustrating the shape of an exemplary second order electrode 130-2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 11A, curve 11 is a first-order profile curve of the electrode 130-1 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio α of 0.5 is attached, curve 12 is a first-order profile curve of the electrode 130-1 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio is attached α mass equal to 1, and the curve 13 is a first order profile curve of the electrode 130-1 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio α equal to 2 is attached. As shown in FIG. 11B, curve 14 is a second-order profile curve of the electrode 130-2 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio α of 0.5 is attached, curve 15 is a second-order profile curve of the electrode 130-2 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio is attached α mass equal to 1, and curve 16 is a second-order profile curve of the electrode 130-2 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio α equal to 2 is attached.

In some embodiments, as the mass ratio α changes, the shape of the electrode 130 may also change accordingly. For example, the greater the mass ratio α of the weight 140 to the piezoelectric component 120, the more gradual the change in width of the electrode 130 can be. For example, as shown in FIG. 11A, according to the curve 11 to curve 13, the mass ratio α of the load 140 to the piezoelectric component 120 can be significantly larger, and the degree of curvature of the profile curve of the first order electrode 130-1 can become significantly smaller, that is, the change in the profile curve of the electrode 130-1 first order can become significantly flatter.

As another example, as shown in FIG. 11B, according to the curve 14 - curve 16, the mass ratio α of the load 140 to the piezoelectric component 120 can be significantly larger, and the degree of curvature of the second-order electrode profile curve 130-2, which decreases from the fixed region 124 to the transition point 133, can become significantly less. Moreover, the degree of curvature of the profile curve of the second-order electrode 130-2 may increase from the transition point 133 to the vibration output region 123 becomes significantly smaller, and the degree of curvature may become significantly smaller. That is, the change in the profile curve of the second-order electrode 130-2 can become increasingly flatter. The specific implementation of the profile curve of electrode 130 may be indicated in the corresponding description of FIG. 5A-5D, which is not repeated here.

In some embodiments, when the weight 140 is attached to the piezoelectric component 120, the mass ratio between the piezoelectric component 120 and the weight 140 may not be taken into account. Instead, the profile curve of the electrode 130 can only be determined in accordance with the vibration structure of the piezoelectric component 120, and the piezoelectric component 120 can also perform mode control. A specific implementation of the electrode design without taking into account the mass ratio can be indicated in the corresponding description of Fig. 12-13D below, which is not repeated here.

In fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 12, curve 17 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 with the weight 140 attached when the electrode 130 completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component 120 (that is, the electrode 130 and the piezoelectric component 120 are aligned and have a rectangular shape). Curve 18 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric module 120 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio α of 0.5 is attached to and covers the first order electrode 130-1, as shown in FIG. 11A. Curve 19 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric module 120 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio α of 1 is attached and covers the first order electrode 130-1, as shown in FIG. 11A. Curve 20 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric module 120 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio α of 2 is attached and covers the first order electrode 130-1, as shown in FIG. 11A. Curve 21 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric module 120 covering the first order electrode 130-1, as shown in FIG. 5A (that is, the electrode shape is calculated without the weight 140 attached), but still with the weight 140 attached with a mass ratio α of 0.5. Curve 22 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric module 120 in the case where a weight 140 with a mass ratio α of 0.5 is attached to and covers the second order electrode 130-2, as shown in FIG. 11B.

As shown in FIG. 12, curve 17 has a first-order maximum and a second-order minimum, which may reflect the fact that when the electrode 130 completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component 120 (that is, the electrode 130 and the piezoelectric component 120 are aligned) and the weight 140 is attached, the piezoelectric component 120 is still has several mods.

As shown in FIG. 12, after the first order electrode 130-1 is made by attaching the weight 140, the piezoelectric components 120 shown in curve 18 and curve 20 smoothly transition from the first order maximum to the second order maximum frequency (for example, about 1000 Hz), occurs a weak jump at the frequency of the second-order maximum, and then continues a smooth transition to the third-order minimum. Moreover, at the second-order maximum frequency and the third-order maximum frequency (for example, about 7000 Hz), the amplitude of the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 18 decreases increasingly to curve 20.

In addition, as the mass ratio α increases, the frequency corresponding to the first-order maximum of the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown by curve 18 to curve 20 becomes increasingly lower, and the amplitude from the first-order maximum to the rear portion also becomes increasingly lower. low, and the change trend of the amplitude-frequency response after a jump at the second-order maximum frequency becomes more and more straight, which may reflect that the larger the mass ratio α, the better the mode control effect of the piezoelectric component 120 covering the first-order electrode 130-1, made with attached weight 140.

As shown in FIG. 12, after coating the first order electrode 130-1 without the weight 140 attached, the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component when the weight 140 is attached with a mass ratio α of 0.5, shown in the curve 21, can have a smooth transition at a frequency corresponding to the second-order minimum, but the amplitude and bandwidth of the step at the frequency of the second-order maximum are significantly increased, which may reflect that the first-order electrode 130-1, configured without an attached weight 140, can still achieve mode control by the second-order minimum of the piezoelectric component 120. but the suppression effect of the higher order vibrational mode may be weakened.

After using the second order electrode 130-2 configured with the weight 140 attached, the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 22 is similar to the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 without the weight 140 attached, as shown by curve 3 in FIG. 6. This curve corresponds to a second-order vibration mode from the low-frequency stage (eg, 0-100 Hz), and a narrow-band jump in the curve occurs at the frequency of the first-order maximum (eg, between 100 Hz and 200 Hz), reducing the amplitude of the first-order maximum. After the maximum frequency to the third order maximum frequency (for example, between 6000 Hz and 7000 Hz), this curve corresponds to a second order vibration mode, which may reflect that the piezoelectric component 120 covers the second order electrode 130-2 (the potentials of the two closed regions are opposite) , configured with an attached weight 140 with a mass ratio α of 0.5, can control a second order vibration mode.

In fig. 13A shows a vibration mode of a piezoelectric component with an attached weight 140 at a second order minimum frequency, and the electrode is completely covered by the surface of the piezoelectric component 120 (ie, the electrode and the piezoelectric component are aligned) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In fig. 13B shows the vibration mode of a piezoelectric component 120 including a first order electrode that is configured by attaching a weight at the second order minimum frequency according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In fig. 13C shows the vibration mode of a piezoelectric component 120 including a second order electrode 130-2 that is configured without attaching a weight at a second order minimum frequency in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In fig. 13D shows the vibration mode of a piezoelectric component 120 including a second order electrode 130-2 that is configured by attaching a weight at the second order minimum frequency in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 12 and fig. 16A-16D, when the electrode completely covers the surface of the piezoelectric component (that is, the rectangular electrode is aligned with the rectangular piezoelectric component) at the second-order minimum frequency (for example, 1411 Hz), the vibration response of the piezoelectric component 120 with the attached weight 140 fluctuates greatly during the vibration process, The frequency response is not flat, and the vibration output region 123 may form nodes at certain frequencies, which affects the output effect of the acoustic signal. Instead, when a first order electrode 130-1 configured with an attached weight 140 (or a first order electrode 130-1 and a second order electrode 130-2 with an attached weight 140 or an electrode 130-1 configured without an attached weight 140) is used, the vibration the response of the piezoelectric component 120 with the attached weight 140 fluctuates less, the frequency response may be flat, and formation of the node may be difficult.

In addition to this, as shown in FIG. 13C, when the first order electrode 130-1 configured without the attached weight 140 is covered, the vibration mode of the piezoelectric component 120 with the attached weight 140 will tend to change to a second order vibration mode during vibration, which may reflect that the electrode 130- 1 of the first order, configured without the attached weight 140, can still control the modes of the piezoelectric component 120, but the effect of suppressing the high order vibration mode may be weakened.

In some embodiments, the electrode 130 may be configured based on the mass ratio α of the weight 140 and the piezoelectric component 120, so that the piezoelectric component 120 can produce a precise driving force for a specific mode and further improve the mode control effect. Moreover, the amplitude of the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 at a fixed frequency can be reduced, the formation of a node in the vibration output region 123 of the piezoelectric component 120 can be prevented, and the operating reliability of the acoustic device 100 can be improved.

In some embodiments, piezoelectric component 120 may include a piezoelectric plate or piezoelectric film. In some embodiments, the shape of the electrode 130 may be determined in accordance with the size of the piezoelectric plate or piezoelectric film and the vibration mode function of the vibration structure. For example, the electrode 130 may be coated with a piezoelectric plate, or the piezoelectric film may be configured as a plurality of discrete electrode units distributed in two dimensions (also referred to as “two-dimensional electrodes”) such that the piezoelectric component 120 may produce a specific mode.

Taking as an example the piezoelectric component 120 shown in FIG. 4, exemplary discrete electrode assemblies 134 and continuous electrodes, respectively, are presented below to describe in detail a specific implementation of a two-dimensional electrode design.

In some embodiments, electrode 130 may include a plurality of discrete electrode assemblies 134 distributed in two dimensions. In some embodiments, a plurality of discrete electrode assemblies 134 may be configured to be spaced apart from each other and distributed throughout the conductive surface material of the piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, the shape of the discrete electrode assemblies 134 may include one or any combination of: round shape, triangular shape, quadrangular shape, irregular shape, etc.

In fig. 14A is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary two-dimensional electrode 130 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 14B is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary two-dimensional electrode 130 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 14C is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary two-dimensional electrode 130 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 14D is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary two-dimensional electrode 130 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In fig. 14A shows a quarter square piezoelectric layer, where the piezoelectric layer 122 (for example, a square piezoelectric sheet with dimensions of 18×18×0.09 mm) and the substrate 121 (for example, a steel substrate with dimensions of 18×18×0.05 mm) can be aligned , and the peripheral edge of the substrate may be a fixed region 124. In FIG. 14B shows a quarter square piezoelectric layer, where the piezoelectric layer 122 (for example, a square piezoelectric sheet with dimensions of 18×18×0.09 mm) can cover the substrate 121 (for example, a steel sheet with dimensions of 23×23×0.05 mm), an area The coverage of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be less than the surface area of the substrate 121 covered by the piezoelectric layer, and the peripheral edge of the substrate may be a fixed region 124. In FIG. 14C and FIG. 14D shows a rectangular piezoelectric layer, where the piezoelectric layer 122 (for example, a rectangular piezoelectric plate with dimensions of 40×20×0.5 mm) and the substrate 121 (for example, a steel substrate with dimensions of 40×20×0.1 mm) can be, respectively , are aligned, and the peripheral edge of the substrate may be a fixed region 124. The rectangular piezoelectric plate shown in FIG. 14D, has a mode composition (3,1). The number "3" used in "mode composition (3,1)" in the present disclosure may refer to a third order vibration mode in the longitudinal direction, that is, when a rectangular piezoelectric plate is simplistically considered as a cantilever beam in the longitudinal direction (neglecting width), it may have a third-order vibration mode; the number "1" may refer to a first-order vibration mode in the width direction, that is, when a rectangular piezoelectric plate is simplistically considered as a cantilever beam in the width direction (ignoring the length), it may have a first-order vibration mode.

In some embodiments, among a plurality of discrete electrode assemblies 134, the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode assemblies 134 at the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be smaller than the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode assemblies 134 at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer 122. As used herein, the term " the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be the geometric center of the piezoelectric layer 122, the vibration amplitude output position of each mode of the piezoelectric layer 122, or the center of the vibration output region 123. For example, when the piezoelectric layer 122 has a mode composition of (3,1), the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may include three positions, each center corresponding to a vibration center of a vibration mode of each order. Accordingly, the “boundary of the piezoelectric layer 122” referred to herein may be the geometric boundary of the piezoelectric layer 122, the region where the vibration output at each mode composition of the piezoelectric layer 122 is the smallest, or the boundary of a fixed region 124. For example, when the piezoelectric layer 122 has a mode composition of (3,1) (that is, a third-order vibration mode in the length direction and a first-order vibration mode in the width direction), the boundary of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be the boundary of a region corresponding to each vibration mode composition. For example, as shown in FIG. 14A-14C, the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode units 134 at the geometric center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be equal to the distance D1, and the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode units 134 at the boundary may be equal to the distance D2, and the distance D1 may be less than the distance D2. For example, as shown in FIG. 14D, the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode units 134 at each vibration center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be equal to the distance D1, and the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode units 134 at the boundary of the region corresponding to the vibration center may be equal to the distance D2, and the distance D1 may be less than distance D2. In some embodiments, the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode units gradually increases from the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 to the boundary. For example, the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode blocks near the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be smaller than the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode blocks away from the center of the piezoelectric layer 122.

In some embodiments, the area of the discrete electrode assembly 134 may be related to the vibrational displacement value of the region where it is located at a certain frequency (eg, first order maximum, second order maximum). The vibration offset value may refer to a change in the distance of the piezoelectric layer 122 in the horizontal plane during the vibration process compared to when vibration is not performed. In some embodiments, the area of the first discrete electrode block 1341 at the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be greater than the area of the second discrete electrode block 1342 at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer 122. For example, as shown in FIG. 14A-14D, since the first discrete electrode unit 1341 is closer to the vibration output region 123 than the second discrete electrode unit 1342, during vibration, the offset value of the first discrete electrode unit 1341 may be greater than the offset value of the second discrete electrode unit 1342, and the area of the first discrete electrode assembly 1341 may be larger than the area of the second discrete electrode assembly 1342.

In some embodiments, at a certain frequency (e.g., a first-order maximum and a second-order maximum), the area of the discrete electrode assembly 134 in each region may be determined based on the difference (e.g., displacement coefficient) between the vibrational displacement value of the region where the discrete electrode is located. electrode block 134, and a maximum bias value of the piezoelectric layer 122. For example, the piezoelectric layer 122 may be discretized into m×n piezoelectric sub-regions, that is, m×n discrete electrode blocks 134. Based on the difference between the bias value of each piezoelectric sub-region and the maximum value displacement of the piezoelectric layer 122, the piezoelectric subregion is scaled in the same manner to determine the area of the discrete electrode block 134 in the piezoelectric subregion.

In some embodiments, the potential of the discrete electrode assembly 134 may be related to the bias direction of the piezoelectric subregion in which it is located. For example, as shown in FIG. 14D, during vibration of the piezoelectric component 120, if the displacement direction of the third discrete electrode block 1343 is opposite to the maximum displacement direction of the piezoelectric layer 122, and the displacement direction of the fourth discrete electrode block 1344 is the same as the maximum displacement direction of the piezoelectric layer 122, the potential direction of the third discrete electrode block 1343 may be opposite to the potential direction of the fourth discrete electrode unit 1344.

Taking as an example the dimensions of the piezoelectric component 120 and the substrate, which are shown in FIG. 14A and 14B, the difference in frequency response when the piezoelectric component 120 is respectively coated with discrete electrode blocks with different shapes or different numbers will be described below.

In fig. 15A is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 15B is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 15C is a schematic diagram illustrating vibrational displacement at a frequency of 5380.3 Hz of an integral electrode-coated piezoelectric component, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 15D is a schematic diagram illustrating vibrational displacement at 5380.3 Hz of a piezoelectric component coated with 8x8 discrete electrode assemblies, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 15A, curve 23 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 when the piezoelectric layer 122 and the substrate 121 are aligned, as shown in FIG. 14A, that is, the electrode 130 may be completely covered by the surface of the piezoelectric component 120 (ie, the integral electrode). Curve 24 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 coated with 8x8 discrete electrode assemblies 134 when the piezoelectric layer 122 and the substrate 121 are aligned, as shown in FIG. 14A. Curve 25 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 coated with 32x32 discrete electrode assemblies 134 when the piezoelectric layer 122 and the substrate 121 are aligned, as shown in FIG. 14A.

As shown in FIG. 15A, the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 23 may produce a resonant minimum, and split vibration may be generated at a frequency corresponding to the resonant minimum (for example, about 5380.3 Hz), which may reflect that when the electrode 130 completely covered by the surface of the piezoelectric component 120, the central area of the piezoelectric layer 122 is in reverse phase with respect to the surrounding vibration, and the vibration area can be the same, and in the vibration output area, the emitted sound pressure with anti-phase vibration compensation of the piezoelectric component 120 can be easily caused, making it difficult vibration output.

The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric component 120, shown by curves 24-25, allow the formation of a smooth amplitude-frequency response of the sound pressure level between a first-order maximum (for example, at a frequency of 3500 Hz) and a second-order maximum (for example, at a frequency of about 10,000 Hz) and increase amplitude near the frequency of the resonant minimum, which may reflect that the two-dimensional electrode 130 can expand the piston vibration frequency band of the piezoelectric component 120, so it can still maintain the first order piston vibration at the frequency corresponding to the original resonant minimum (for example, about 5380.3 Hz), and can effectively output sound radiation pressure to realize mode control. The term “piston vibration” in the present disclosure may refer to the fact that each region of the piezoelectric component 120 (eg, a piezoelectric plate) experiences both upward and downward vibration (the direction of displacement is the same) when vibrating, just like a piston.

In addition, the low-frequency amplitude of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric component 120, shown by curve 24 - curve 25, before the first order maximum (for example, to 2000 Hz) can also be increased, and the overall bandwidth of the second order maximum and the resonant minimum after it (eg, after 10,000 Hz) may also be reduced, which may reflect that the two-dimensional electrode 130 can improve the low-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 and suppress the natural vibration mode of the piezoelectric component 120 at the second-order maximum frequency.

Moreover, the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 25 may have a higher amplitude of the low-frequency response before the first-order maximum (for example, up to 2000 Hz) than the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 24. Amplitude and the bandwidth at the second-order peak frequency (e.g., around 10,000 Hz) may be suppressed, which may reflect that, compared with the coating of the 8×8 two-dimensional electrodes 130, the piezoelectric component 120 covering the 32×32 two-dimensional electrodes 130 may have a higher low-frequency response and may also suppress the high-frequency mode.

As shown in FIG. 15B, curve 23' is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 when the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 is less than the surface area of the substrate 121 coated with the piezoelectric layer and the electrode 130 completely covers the surface (i.e., the entire electrode) of the piezoelectric component 120, as shown. in fig. 14B; curve 24' is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 coated with 8x8 discrete electrode blocks 134 when the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 is less than the surface area of the piezoelectric layer-coated substrate 121, as shown in FIG. 14B; curve 25' is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 coated with 32×32 discrete electrode blocks 134 when the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer 122 is less than the surface area of the piezoelectric layer-coated substrate 121, as shown in FIG. 14V.

As shown in FIG. 15B, the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 23' produces split vibration at a frequency of 4189.8 Hz, and the vibration mode may be similar to curve 23, so the sound pressure in the vibration output region may be anti-phase compensation to form a resonant minimum . According to curve 24' and curve 25', the two-dimensional electrode can expand the frequency band of the piston vibration, and the piston vibration can remain at the frequency point of the original resonant minimum, so the sound pressure level smoothly transitions into this frequency band. The frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 shown in curve 23' may be a flat curve at a sound pressure level of about 6000 Hz after a second order maximum, while curve 24' and curve 25' form a resonant minimum after using a two-dimensional electrode. The reason for this phenomenon may be that for an integral electrode, the vibration mode may be that a portion of the substrate 121 that extends beyond the piezoelectric layer 122 resonates, thereby outputting vibrations. The two-dimensional electrode changes the vibration mode of the piezoelectric layer 122. When the piezoelectric layer 122 is elastically coupled to the edge substrate 121, an antiphase vibration mode is generated in the central region and the surrounding area, and antiphase compensation of the sound pressure in the vibration output region is generated, which appears as a resonant minimum at curve and also has a certain effect on the directionality.

As shown in FIG. 15C and FIG. 15D, the piezoelectric component 120 produces split vibration at a frequency of 5380.3 Hz when covered with an integral electrode, and the vibration in the central region and the surrounding region is in antiphase and has the same area, resulting in antiphase compensation of the sound pressure in the vibration output area; while covered with discrete two-dimensional 8x8 electrode blocks 134, the piezoelectric component 120 can still be in piston vibration at a frequency of 5380.3 Hz, effectively outputting sound pressure, which significantly increases the amplitude of the sound pressure level in the vibration output region.

In fig. 16A is a vibration mode view illustrating the first order vibration mode of the rectangular piezoelectric component 120 when the electrode is completely covered by the rectangular piezoelectric component 120 (ie, the integral electrode) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 16B shows the vibration mode of the rectangular piezoelectric component 120 when the electrode is completely covered by the rectangular piezoelectric component 120 (ie, the entire electrode) at high frequencies according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 16C shows the vibration mode of a piezoelectric component 120 covering a two-dimensional electrode 130 including 16x8 discrete electrode assemblies 134 at high frequencies according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 16D shows the vibration mode of a piezoelectric component 120 covering a two-dimensional electrode including 32x16 discrete electrode blocks at high frequencies according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In fig. 16A shows a first order vibration mode at 6907 Hz of a rectangular piezoelectric component 120 covering the integral electrode. The vibration mode of the rectangular piezoelectric component 120 covering the integral electrode at a higher frequency of 18326 Hz is shown in FIG. 16B. Due to the coating of the two-dimensional electrode 130, the 18326 Hz vibration mode exhibits a first order vibration mode similar to the vibration mode shown in FIG. 16A. Since the 32x16 discrete electrical blocks have more discrete electrical blocks than the 16x8 discrete electrical blocks, which are closer to continuous variation, the vibration mode of the piezoelectric component 120 covered by the 32x16 discrete electrical blocks is at 18326 Hz closer to the first order vibration mode.

In some embodiments, the two-dimensional distribution of multiple discrete electrode assemblies 134 is used to implement the design of the two-dimensional electrodes 130 so that the piezoelectric component 120 can output a specific vibration mode, further enhancing the sonic performance of the acoustic device 100.

Moreover, the frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 can be stable to prevent the formation of a node in the vibration output region 123 due to vibration inversion between the central region and the surrounding region of the piezoelectric component 120, thereby improving the performance reliability of the acoustic device 100.

In fig. 17A is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary two-dimensional electrode including discrete electrode assemblies 134, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 17B is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary discrete electrode assembly 134 of a two-dimensional electrode 130 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 17C is a schematic diagram illustrating the shape of the first order electrode 130-1 corresponding to an equivalent rectangle with a beam fixed at both ends, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 17A, the piezoelectric component 120 can be divided into 16 rectangles (separated by 15 dotted lines) in the length direction (as shown in the horizontal direction in FIG. 17A), where each of the 16 rectangles takes the width of the piezoelectric component 120 as the length and equally divides the length of the piezoelectric component 120; likewise, the piezoelectric component 120 is further divided into 8 rectangles (separated by 7 dotted lines) in the width direction (as shown in the vertical direction in FIG. 17A). 16 rectangles in the length direction and 8 rectangles in the width direction can be equivalent to fixed beams at both ends. As shown in FIG. 7, in the length direction, the width of the rectangular fixed beam from one fixed area 124 to another fixed area 124 gradually increases from 0 and then gradually decreases to 0, forming a “shuttle shape”. In some embodiments, an increase or decrease in width may include one or any combination of: a gradient increase or decrease, a linear increase or decrease, a curved increase or decrease in width, and the like. It should be understood that in FIG. 17C shows the shape of the electrode in the length direction only, and each rectangular fixed beam in the width direction may have a similar shape. In some embodiments, a first shape 171 (e.g., the shuttle shape in column 16 of FIG. 17A) of the plurality of discrete electrode assemblies 134 in the length direction and a second shape 172 (e.g., the shuttle shape in row 8 of FIG. 17A) of the plurality of discrete electrode assemblies 134 in the width direction can be determined based on the shape of the first order electrode 130-1 shown in FIG. 17C, therefore, the two-dimensional electrode 130 is determined based on the first shape 171 and the second shape 172. As shown in FIG. 17B, the two-dimensional electrode 130 may be a combined region of the first mold 171 and the second mold 172, and each combined region may be a separate electrode assembly 134.

In fig. 18 shows the vibration mode of the piezoelectric component 120 covered by the two-dimensional electrode 130 shown in FIG. 17B, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 18, the vibration mode of the piezoelectric component 120 covered by the two-dimensional electrode 130 shown in FIG. 17B, in the high frequency band (eg, 18326 Hz) is still close to the first-order vibration mode, so the sound pressure can be effectively output, and the amplitude of the sound pressure level in the vibration output region can be greatly increased. Compared to the two-dimensional electrode (whose vibration mode is shown in FIGS. 16C and 16D) shown in FIG. 14C two-dimensional electrode 130 shown in FIG. 17B may be configured to perform mode control.

In some embodiments, individual electrode assemblies may have the problem of complex electrical connections between electrodes, resulting in difficulties in mass production. In this way, the electrodes can be changed from discrete to connected, which is conducive to the production of printed stencils and electrode interconnection, and is suitable for mass production. For example, electrode 130 may include two-dimensional distributed continuous electrodes 135, and the continuous electrodes may include a plurality of hollow regions 136.

In some embodiments, the continuous electrode 135 may be configured as a continuous conductive material located on the surface of the piezoelectric component 120, and the hollow region 136 may be configured as a region in which there is no conductive material. Compared to the plurality of discrete electrode assemblies 134 shown in FIG. 14A-14D or 17B, the continuous electrode 135 can be considered as an electrode 130 formed by connecting discrete distributed electrodes into a single unit, and then the continuous electrode 135 can be dispersed into a plurality of two-dimensional distribution regions, providing a plurality of hollow regions 136, thereby realizing the design of the electrode 130 .

In fig. 19A is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary continuous electrode 130 distributed in two dimensions according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 19B is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary continuous electrode 130 distributed in two dimensions according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 19C is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of an exemplary continuous electrode 130 distributed in two dimensions according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 19A-19C, the two-dimensional electrode 130 (a quarter two-dimensional electrode) may include two-dimensional distributed continuous electrodes 135, and the continuous electrodes 135 may include a plurality of hollow regions 136.

In some embodiments, the shape of the hollow region 136 may or may not be the same as the shape of the piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, the shape of the hollow region 136 may include one or any combination of: circle, triangle, quadrangle, pentagon, hexagon, or irregular shape. For example, the continuous electrode 135 shown in FIG. 19A may include a plurality of square hollow areas 136; continuous electrode 135 shown in FIG. 19B may include a plurality of hexagonal hollow areas 136; continuous electrode 135 shown in FIG. 19C may include a plurality of quadrangular hollow regions and a plurality of octagonal hollow regions.

In some embodiments, the gap between two adjacent hollow regions 136 at the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be greater than the gap between two adjacent hollow regions 136 at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer. For example, as shown in FIG. 19A-19C, the gap between two adjacent hollow areas 136 is smaller the closer the boundary.

In some embodiments, the area of the first hollow region 1361 at the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 may be less than the area of the second hollow region 1362 at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer. As shown in FIG. 19A-19C, the first hollow region 1361 is located closer to the center of the piezoelectric layer 122 than the second hollow region 1362, and the area of the first hollow region 1361 is smaller than the area of the second hollow region 1362.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer 122 may be divided into a plurality of equally sized two-dimensional distributed piezoelectric subregions, each piezoelectric subregion may include a hollow region 136, and the hollow region 136 may be located at the center of the piezoelectric subregion, and a continuous electrode 135 in the piezoelectric subregion may be located at the edge of the piezoelectric subregion, forming a continuous electrode with a continuous electrode of 135 other piezoelectric subregions. For example, as shown in FIG. 19A-19C, the hollow region 136 may be located at the center of the piezoelectric sub-region so that the electrodes 130 at the edges of the piezoelectric sub-region are continuous.

In some embodiments, the area of the hollow region 136 may be related to the vibration displacement value of the piezoelectric subregion where the hollow region 136 is located at a certain frequency (eg, a first order maximum and a second order maximum). In some embodiments, the area of the hollow region 136 in each piezoelectric subregion may be determined according to the difference (e.g., vibration displacement coefficient) between the vibration displacement value of the piezoelectric subregion and the maximum displacement value of the piezoelectric layer 122 at a certain frequency (e.g., first order maximum and second order maximum). For example, the greater the difference between the vibration displacement value and the maximum displacement value of the piezoelectric layer 122, the larger the area of the hollow region 136. In FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 20, curve 26 is the frequency response of a piezoelectric component 120 using an integral electrode, curve 28 is the frequency response of a piezoelectric component 120 coated with a two-dimensional electrode 130 with 32×32 discrete electrode blocks, and curve 27 is a frequency response of the piezoelectric component. 120 covered with continuous electrodes 130 measuring 32x32 distributed in two dimensions. According to curve 27 and curve 28, the mode control effect of the two-dimensional distributed continuous electrode 130 is different from the effect of the electrode 130 composed of two-dimensional distributed discrete electrode units. For example, the resonance minimum at 12128 Hz of electrode 130, consisting of two-dimensional distributed discrete electrode units, is shifted forward to a frequency of 7829.4 Hz. The forward shift of the resonant minimum may be due to the hollow shape and density of the electrodes 130, but it still exhibits a certain mode control effect of the piezoelectric component 120.

In some embodiments, the continuous electrode 135 includes a plurality of hollow regions 136 such that the coating surface of the two-dimensional electrode 130 can be changed from discrete to continuous, which can facilitate the creation, production and use of the two-dimensional electrode and can be suitable for mass production.

It should be understood that similar to a one-dimensional electrode, in a two-dimensional electrode design, the effective area of the electrode that is coated with the piezoelectric layer may also be determined by the shape and area of the piezoelectric region of the piezoelectric layer (eg, piezoelectric plate, piezoelectric film). For example, a piezoelectric plate or piezoelectric film may include a piezoelectric region made of a piezoelectric material and a non-piezoelectric region made of a non-piezoelectric material. The sum of the areas of the piezoelectric region and the non-piezoelectric region may be equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric plate or piezoelectric film on the substrate, and the electrode completely covers the piezoelectric plate or piezoelectric film (that is, the electrode and the piezoelectric plate or piezoelectric film are aligned). The piezoelectric region pattern may be a two-dimensional electrode design pattern shown in any of FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D, 17A, 17B, 19A, 19B, or 19C, and a portion of the substrate other than the piezoelectric region may be a non-piezoelectric region. Therefore, in a two-dimensional electrode design, mode control of the piezoelectric component can be achieved over an area of the piezoelectric region, a smaller area of the piezoelectric layer coverage (e.g., piezoelectric plate, piezoelectric film), equal to the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer of the electrode, and greater than or equal to the surface area of the substrate covered with the piezoelectric layer .

In some embodiments, the electrode 130 may cover one surface of the piezoelectric layer 122 or both surfaces of the piezoelectric layer 122. For example, the electrode 130 may also cover another surface opposite the above surface, and the coverage area of the electrode 130 on the other surface may be less than or equal to the surface area . That is, the design of the electrode 130 may be implemented on two opposing surfaces, thereby controlling the mode composition of the piezoelectric component 120. The design of the electrode 130 on the other surface may be related to the design of any of the electrodes 130 shown in FIG. 5A, 5C, 8A-8D, 11A, 11B, 14A-14D, 17B, 19A-19C, the description of which is not repeated here.

In some embodiments, the piezoelectric component 120 may also include a vibration control component, wherein the vibration control component may be configured as a device that changes the vibration state of the acoustic device (e.g., adjusts the output vibration mode by changing the mass, elasticity, or damping of one or more components inside the speaker device). In some embodiments, the vibration control component may be coupled to the vibration output region 123 of the piezoelectric component 120 and may control the vibration output by the piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, the vibration control component may include one or any combination of connectors (e.g., a housing) , load (for example, metal weight), elastic element (for example, traction rope, spring, etc.). The connector may connect the piezoelectric component 120 to other components, and the elastic member may apply an elastic force to the piezoelectric component 120, thereby changing the vibration state of the piezoelectric component 120.

In some embodiments, the vibration control component may include a weight 170, and the weight 170 may be physically (eg, mechanically or electromagnetically) coupled to the vibration output region 123. In some embodiments, the weight 170 may be a component having a specific mass. In some embodiments, the weight 170 may include one or any combination of a metal weight, a rubber weight, a plastic weight, or the like. In some embodiments, the weight 170 may be configured to change the modal composition of the piezoelectric component 120.

In some embodiments, the acoustic device 100 may further include a connector 171 that connects the vibration component 110 and the piezoelectric component 120. In some embodiments, the connector 171 may be configured as a component having a certain stiffness, and the connector 171 may include one or more any combination of: vibration plate, elastic element, etc. In some embodiments, the weight 170 may be coupled to the vibration output area 132 via connector 171.

Piezoelectric component 120 shown in FIG. 3 is provided below by way of example to provide an exemplary acoustic device and a detailed description of a specific implementation of a piezoelectric cantilever beam, weight 170, and connector 171.

In fig. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the acoustic device may include at least one piezoelectric component 120, the vibration output region of each piezoelectric component 120 may be coupled to one vibration component 110, and each vibration component 110 may be coupled to a vibration control component (e.g., a weight 170). As shown in FIG. 21, the acoustic device may include two piezoelectric components 120 coated with a first order electrode 130-1. The vibration output region of each piezoelectric component 120 may be coupled to the vibration component 110, and the vibration component 110 and the vibration control component (e.g., weight 170) may be connected through at least one connector 171.

In some embodiments, the length of the piezoelectric component 120 in the acoustic device may be shortened to reduce the mode of the piezoelectric component 120. For example, the acoustic device may use the elasticity provided by the connector 171 and weight 170 to create a low frequency peak to utilize a short piezoelectric cantilever beam (e.g. piezoelectric component 120 shown in Fig. 21) to reduce the mode, and form a flat frequency response between the low frequency maximum and the maximum of the first order vibration mode (at a higher frequency) on the frequency response.

In fig. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of exemplary piezoelectric components according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 22, curve 29 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 using an 8 mm long integral electrode; curve 30 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 using the first order electrode 130-1 with a length of 8 mm; curve 31 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 using the first order electrode 130-1 with a length of 10 mm; curve 32 is the amplitude-frequency response of the piezoelectric component 120 using the 12 mm long first order electrode 130-1.

As shown in FIG. 22, the amplitude-frequency response corresponding to the piezoelectric component 120 shown by curve 29 produces a second-order resonance at the minimum of the second-order vibration mode (for example, 12272 Hz), which may reflect that the piezoelectric component 120 using an integral electrode in the acoustic device may ineffectively remove vibration, which leads to the appearance of a resonant minimum in its amplitude-frequency response. The resonant minimum in the amplitude-frequency response corresponding to the piezoelectric component 120 shown by curve 30 - curve 32 is raised, and the vibration characteristics of the resonant minimum are not affected, which may reflect that the design of the first order electrode 130-130 1 in the acoustic device can improve the resonant the second-order minimum created by the piezoelectric component 120.

Moreover, the frequency response corresponding to the piezoelectric component 120 shown by curve 30 - curve 32 shows that the mode formed by the piezoelectric cantilever beam (i.e., piezoelectric component 120) and the vibration plate moves forward, which may be reflected in the design of the electrode 130 -1 of the first order in the acoustic device, correspondingly increasing the length of the piezoelectric component 120 (for example, the length of the piezoelectric component 120 can be set to at least 8 mm, at least 10 mm, or at least 12 mm), which makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the acoustic device in the region of medium and low frequencies while simultaneously increasing the resonant minimum.

In fig. 23A is a vibration mode illustrating an acoustic device using an integral electrode 130 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; in fig. 23B is a vibration mode illustrating an acoustic device using a first order electrode 130-1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 23A, at the resonant minimum (eg, at a frequency of 12272 Hz), the vibration output region of the piezoelectric component 120 forms a node in an acoustic device using an integral electrode. As shown in FIG. 23B, at the resonant minimum (eg, 12272 Hz), the vibration output region of the piezoelectric acoustic device component 120 using the first order electrode 130-1 does not form a node and is a first order vibration mode.

In the embodiments presented herein, the configuration of the electrode 130 improves the second order resonant minimum produced by the amplitude-frequency response corresponding to the piezoelectric component 120 in the acoustic device, and at the same time, the longer piezoelectric component 120 can be configured to increase sensitivity of an acoustic device at medium and low frequencies.

In fig. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 24, the acoustic device 100 may generate an output signal from the piezoelectric cantilever beam. One end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam (that is, the piezoelectric component 120) having an electrode structure may be a fixed region 124, and the other end may be a vibration output region 123, and the vibration may be output to a vibrating plate or a vibrating film (that is, to the vibrating component 110 ) via connector 171. In some embodiments, the acoustic device 100 may be a bone conduction audio device (eg, bone conduction headphones, bone conduction glasses, etc.). In some embodiments, the stationary end of the piezoelectric component 120 may include one or any combination of a shell, an ear hook apex, a connection between the ear hook and the plate cartridge, and a bone conduction audio glasses frame. In some embodiments, the connector 171 may have a certain rigidity and may be rigidly connected to the vibration output region of the vibrating plate or vibrating film and the vibration output region of the piezoelectric cantilever beam.

Advantageous effects that can be achieved by embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) a mode driver of the piezoelectric component can be formed by designing an electrode such that the piezoelectric component can only produce a driving force for a specific mode, thereby avoiding the formation of a knot at the vibration output point of the piezoelectric component and increasing the reliability of the acoustic device. (2) Compared with a mode control system consisting of mechanical elements such as a spring, a weight and a damper added in a specific area, embodiments of the present disclosure can realize the mode control of a piezoelectric component based on the electrode design and simplify the design of the acoustic device.

The basic concepts have been described above, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above detailed disclosure is used by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. Although not expressly stated herein, various modifications, improvements, and amendments to this disclosure may be made by those skilled in the art. These types of modifications, improvements, and amendments are recommended in the present disclosure, so these types of modifications, improvements, and amendments are within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Meanwhile, the present disclosure uses specific words to describe embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the terms “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” and/or “certain embodiments” mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is associated with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, it should be emphasized and noted that “one embodiment” or “embodiment” or “alternative embodiment” mentioned two or more times in different places in this disclosure do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined as appropriate.

Moreover, unless expressly stated in the claims, the order of processing of the elements and sequences described in this disclosure, the use of numbers and letters, or the use of other names are not intended to limit the order of the procedures and methods of this disclosure. Although the foregoing disclosure discusses by various examples what are currently believed to be many useful embodiments of the present disclosure, it is to be understood that such details are provided solely for this purpose and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but rather, are intended to cover modifications and equivalent devices that are within the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. For example, although the implementation of the various components described above may be embodied in a hardware device, it may also be implemented as a pure software solution, such as installation on an existing server or mobile device.

Likewise, it should be understood that in the above description of embodiments of the present disclosure, various features are sometimes grouped together in one embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of simplifying the disclosure to aid in understanding one or more of the various embodiments. However, the present disclosure does not mean that the subject matter of the present disclosure requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. Rather, the claimed subject matter of the invention may not only consist of all the features of one embodiment disclosed above.

In some embodiments, numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties, etc., that are used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the present application should be understood as modified in some cases by the terms "about", "approximately", "approximately" or " essentially." Unless otherwise indicated, the words “about”, “approximately” or “substantially” may indicate a deviation of ±20% in the value described. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the description and claims are approximate values, and the approximate values may be changed in accordance with the desired characteristics of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numeric parameter must take into account the given effective digits and use a general way of storing the digits. Although in some embodiments the ranges of numerical values and the parameters used to confirm the breadth of their range are approximate values, in certain embodiments such numerical values are set as closely as possible within the valid range.

For each patent, patent application, patent application publication, or other material cited in this disclosure, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, and the like, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, Except for documentation of the history of application of this specification or conflict, there is also an exception for documents (currently or after the provision of this specification) in the widest range of documents (currently or later). It should be noted that in the event of any inconsistency or conflict between the description, definition and/or use of terms in the supporting materials of this disclosure and the contents of this disclosure, the description, definition and/or use of terms in this disclosure are subject to this disclosure.

Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are used only to illustrate the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this disclosure. Thus, by way of example, an alternative configuration of embodiments of the present disclosure may be considered consistent with the teachings of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the embodiments expressly presented and described in the present disclosure.

Claims (27)

1. An acoustic device containing: a piezoelectric component, wherein the piezoelectric component is configured to generate vibration under the action of an exciting voltage; an electrode, wherein the electrode is configured to apply an exciting voltage to the piezoelectric component; And a vibration component, wherein the vibration component is mechanically or electromagnetically coupled to the piezoelectric component to receive vibration and generate sound, wherein the piezoelectric component includes: substrate; And a piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer covers the surface of the substrate, the electrode covers the surface of the piezoelectric layer, and the coverage area of the electrode on the surface of the piezoelectric layer is less than the surface area of the substrate covered with the piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer and the substrate are aligned, the piezoelectric layer includes a piezoelectric region and a non-piezoelectric region, and the piezoelectric region and the electrode are aligned. 2. The acoustic device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric component includes a vibration output region and a fixed region. 3. The acoustic device according to claim 2, in which the width of the electrode is gradually reduced from the fixed area to the vibration output area. 4. The acoustic device of claim 2, wherein the electrode includes two closed electrode regions, wherein said two closed electrode regions have opposite potentials. 5. An acoustic device according to claim 4, in which there is a transition point between two closed areas of the electrode, and the width of the electrode in the first closed electrode region of the two closed electrode regions gradually decreases from the fixed region to the transition point; or the width of the electrode in the second closed electrode region of the two closed electrode regions first increases and then decreases from the transition point to the vibration output region. 6. The acoustic device according to claim 3 or 4, in which the width of the electrode in the fixed area is equal to the width of the fixed area, or the width of the electrode in the vibration output area is 0. 7. An acoustic device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode includes discrete electrode units distributed in two dimensions, and one of the following conditions is met for the discrete electronic units: in discrete electrode blocks, the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode blocks in the center of the piezoelectric layer is smaller than the gap between two adjacent discrete electrode blocks at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer; or the area of the first discrete electrode block at the center of the piezoelectric layer is greater than the area of the second discrete electrode block at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer. 8. The acoustic device of claim 1, wherein the electrode includes a continuous electrode distributed in two dimensions, wherein the continuous electrode includes hollow regions, and the area of the first hollow region at the center of the piezoelectric layer is less than the area of the second hollow region at the boundary of the piezoelectric layer . 9. An acoustic device containing: a piezoelectric component, wherein the piezoelectric component is configured to generate vibration under the action of an exciting voltage; an electrode, wherein the electrode is configured to apply an exciting voltage to the piezoelectric component; And a vibration component, wherein the vibration component is mechanically or electromagnetically coupled to the piezoelectric component to receive vibration and generate sound, wherein the piezoelectric component comprises: substrate; And a piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer covers the surface of the substrate, wherein the piezoelectric layer includes a piezoelectric region and a non-piezoelectric region, wherein the electrode covers the surface of the piezoelectric layer; the substrate, piezoelectric layer and electrode are respectively aligned; And The coverage area of the piezoelectric region on the substrate is smaller than the coverage area of the piezoelectric layer on the substrate.