RU2804149C1 - Universal coupling of shafts and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: universal coupling. The universal coupling of the shafts comprises rigid plates connected to the shafts and elastically connected to each other. The plates are connected by cells located between them, and the space of the entire volume between the plates is occupied by an elastomeric filling material. Each cell consists of the first and second central elements, and at least four supporting elements, the planes of which are normal to the planes of the central and peripheral elements, are located at least two on each side of the first and second central elements and are momentarily connected with each of the central elements on one end and with a peripheral element at the other end. Each of two peripheral elements located on one side and the other of the central elements connects support elements associated with the first and second central elements. The planes of the radially oriented central elements pass through the axes of their shafts. Along the periphery of the plates, an impenetrable tensile material is bonded to them, insulating the internal volume of the coupling.

EFFECT: simplified design.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering. In particular, it is associated with transport or other equipment in which it is necessary to transmit torque from one shaft to another located at a certain angle.

This problem is usually solved using a cardan connection (See, for example, Badiev A.A. “Cardan transmission”, East Siberian State Technological University, Department of Automobiles, 2002).

The known rigid universal joint (https://antrieb.ru/products/kardannyie-soedineniya-i-muftyi/kardannyie-soedineniya1/odinarnyie-kardannyie-peredachi.html) (Fig. 1) uses either sliding support bushings (sliding bearings) , or needle bearings. What is valuable is that it is very compact, although significant in weight; its other disadvantage is that it has a limitation on the speed of transmitted rotational motion: when connected to plain bearings - ≤1000 rpm, to needle bearings - ≤4000 rpm . To ensure mutual longitudinal displacement of the shafts, splines are used. Parts of the connection, which is very complex in design and manufacturing technology, are subject to high loads and wear, therefore they are made of high-alloy steel, cemented and hardened.

Another is known (https://extxe.com/28097/kardannye-peredachi-v-avtomobile-vidy-konstrukcii-i-ustrojstvo-kardannyh-peredach/), closer to the proposed one, an elastic universal joint (Fig. 2). It is considered as a prototype of the proposed connection and has two designs: with an elastic coupling or with rubber-metal bushings. A valuable feature of the elastic connection is the practically absence of restrictions on the speed of transmitted rotational motion, the ability to ensure at least a small mutual longitudinal, axial displacement of the shafts.

The disadvantages of such a multi-part connection seem to be the very complex design and technology of its manufacture. It is also very susceptible to wear and can transmit torque at relatively small angles between the shafts of up to 3°-5° and relatively small mutual longitudinal-axial displacement of the shafts.

A purposefully deformable cell is known, which in foreign research has received the name Selectively Deformable Structure - SDS cell. (G.A. Amiryants. On the Russian priority for the development of promising concepts in aeromechanics and their use in the development of next-generation aircraft // Proceedings of the international conference UNIMAX-2003, Zhukovsky, 2003. Amiryants G. Adaptive Selectively Deformable Structures // Proceedings of the 21st ICAS Congress, Melbourne, 1998). An SDS cell consists of central, supporting, peripheral and end elements that provide low tension-compression rigidity of the cell and a relatively large mutual linear movement of the central elements in the direction along the cell axis and high rigidity in all other directions - linear and angular.

The purpose of creating the proposed cardan shaft connection is to simplify the design, increase the level of reliability, weight return and, as a result, the competitiveness of mechanical engineering products: cars, tractors, ships, aircraft, in which cardan shaft connections are used.

The prospects of the proposed cardan shaft connection are due to the possibility of achieving at least three technical results:

- simplification of the design and manufacturing technology of a connection consisting of one relatively lightweight part;

- increasing its wear resistance without limiting the speed of the connected shafts;

- an increase in the permissible mutual axial displacement of the shafts, as well as an increase in the permissible misalignment angle between the shafts to 10°.

The solution to the assigned problems and the technical result are achieved thanks to the following.

Cardan connection of shafts, characterized in that it is made using SDS cells consisting of central, supporting, peripheral and end elements, as well as rigid plates rigidly connected to the end elements of the SDS cells on one side and with the connected shafts on the other, with In this case, each SDS cell consists of first and second central elements, rigidly connected by means of associated first and second end elements and rigid plates, respectively, with the drive and driven shafts, and at least four support elements, the planes of which are normal to planes of the central and peripheral elements, are located at least two on one and the other side of each of the first and second central elements and are momentarily connected to each of the central elements at one end and to the peripheral element at the other end, each of two peripheral elements located on one and the other side of the central elements are connected by support elements associated with the first and second central elements. SDS cells of the same geometry, with a total number of at least two, are located evenly in the azimuthal direction around the axes of the connected drive and driven shafts at the same distance of all central elements of the cells from the axes of their shafts, while the planes of the radially oriented central elements of the SDS cells pass through the axes of their shafts The space of the entire volume of the universal joint between the plates is filled with an elastomeric filling material, and along the periphery of the plates an impenetrable tensile material is glued to them, isolating the internal volume of the joint.

Impermeable tensile material is sheet rubber, or sheet silicone or impermeable fabric, the fibers of which are oriented at an angle of 45° to the axes of the shafts.

Rigid plates are made with provided elements for subsequent fastening to the shafts.

Also, the technical result is achieved by a method for manufacturing a universal joint for shafts, characterized by the fact that all elements of all cells and the associated rigid plates are manufactured as a single part using 3-D weaving technology of high-strength composite threads on numerically controlled weaving machines, followed by impregnation with a binder and its polymerization. The entire space between the plates is filled with an elastomeric filler material, and the internal volume of the joint is isolated using an impermeable tensile material adhered to the peripheral surface of the plates and the elastomeric filler material.

Sheet rubber, or sheet silicone or impermeable fabric, the fibers of which are oriented at an angle of 45° to the axes of the shafts, are used as an impermeable tensile material.

In the case of a lightly loaded connection with a limited service life, additive technologies are also used for its manufacture.

The proposed solution is illustrated by figures.

In figure 1. a prior art rigid universal joint is shown.

In fig. 2. shows a prior art elastic universal joint.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a schematic view of an SDS cell (plan view).

Figure 4 shows a schematic view of an SDS cell (isometric view).

In fig. Figure 5 schematically shows an end view of the rigid plate of the proposed cardan shaft connection.

In fig. 6 schematically shows a side view of the cardan shaft connection.

In fig. 7 schematically shows an isometric view of the universal joint of the shafts.

Positions in the figures are designated:

1 - central element of the SDS cell;

2 - support element of the SDS cell;

3 - peripheral element of the SDS cell;

4 - end element of the SDS cell;

5 - connection shafts;

6 - rigid plate;

7 - elastomeric filling material;

8 - impermeable tensile material;

9 - longitudinal axis of the central element of the cell;

10 - SDS cell.

The proposed cardan connection of the shafts is made using SDS cells 10, composed of central 1, supporting 2, peripheral 3 and end 4 (not shown in Fig. 6,7) elements. It includes rigidly connected to the end elements 4 of SDS cells 10 on one side and with shafts 5 on the other, rigid plates 6, as well as an elastomeric filling material 7 and an impermeable tensile material 8.

Each SDS cell 10 consists of two central 1 elements rigidly connected to two end 4 elements. The supporting elements 2 are located at least two on each side of the central 1 elements and are momentarily connected on one side with the central 1 elements, and on the other side with the peripheral 3 elements, and the peripheral 3 elements in the amount of two pieces are located on one and the other side from the central 1 elements and connect the supporting elements associated with the first and second central 1 elements.

SDS cells 10 of the same geometry, with a total number of at least two, are located evenly in the azimuthal direction around the axes of the connected drive and driven shafts 5 at the same distance of all central 1 elements of the cells from the axes of their shafts 5, while the planes of the radially oriented central 1 SDS elements 10 cells pass through the axes of their 5 shafts.

The space of the entire volume of the universal joint between the plates 6 is filled with an elastomeric filling material 7, and along the periphery of the plates 6 an impenetrable tensile material 8 is glued to them, insulating the internal volume of the connection.

The elastomeric filling material can be used, for example, sponge rubber or another elastomer with similar properties.

Impermeable tensile material 8 is sheet rubber, or sheet silicone or impermeable fabric, the fibers of which are oriented at an angle of 45° to the axes of the shafts.

The rigid plates 6 are made with elements provided for subsequent fastening to the shafts 5 (elements for fastening are not shown in the figures). The plates 6 can be made in the form of a disk or in the form of a regular polygon. The figures show, by way of example, disk-shaped plates.

A distinctive feature of the manufacturing method of the proposed cardan shaft connection is that all elements of all SDS cells 10 (at least two in total) and the associated rigid plates 6 are manufactured as one, single part. In this case, technologies of volumetric 3-D weaving from high-strength composite threads are used on weaving machines with numerical control, followed by impregnation of the woven spatial structure with a binder and its polymerization. After this, the entire space between the plates 6 is filled with an elastomeric filling material 7, and the internal volume of the connection is isolated using an impermeable tensile material 8, glued to the peripheral surface of the plates 6 and the elastomeric filling material 7. Sheet rubber, or sheet silicone or impermeable fabric. If fabric is chosen as the insulating material, then the direction of the fabric fibers is oriented at angles of 45° to the axis of the connection.

The proposed, currently very complex method for manufacturing a woven spatial composite joint structure, protected from impacts by an elastomeric filling material, provides an almost unlimited resource for such a universal joint.

If a lightly loaded connection with a limited service life is being manufactured, then more currently available additive technologies can be used for its production.

The parameters of the central, supporting, peripheral and end elements of the cells, elastomeric filling material, insulating material, as well as the shape of the plates are selected based on the requirements for strength, stability, tightness and connection life, smooth transmission of torque from one shaft to another, the possibility of mutual longitudinal moving shafts and damping their vibrations.

Smooth torque transmission is ensured by the relatively low rotational rigidity of the cardan due to the adopted orientation of the cells.

The SDS cells underlying the invention are selectively deformable structures (SDS), described in detail in Amiryants G. “Adaptive Selectively Deformable SDS-Structures”. Proceedings of the 21st ICAS Congress, Melbourne, 1998. These structures are based on a unit cell that has minimal tensile and compressive stiffness in one direction (along the cell axis) for given bending stiffness, torsional and shear stiffness, and tensile stiffness -compression in all other directions. This property of the SDS structure is due to the original design of the cell, the rational choice of its parameters, the material (for example, composite) and production technology.

Thanks to the ability of the SDS cell to elongate while maintaining the required shear rigidity of the cell in the direction of the plane of the central elements of the cell, the stated technical results are achieved, in particular, an increase in the permissible mutual axial displacement of the shafts, as well as an increase in the permissible misalignment angle between the shafts to 10°.

Certain connections of such cells make it possible to create a flexible structure capable of transmitting torque without creating additional loads (bending, torsion, vibration, axial) from one shaft to another, located non-coaxially at a certain angle, ensuring equal angular velocities of the drive and driven shafts, regardless from the angle between the connected shafts. The proposed design ensures smooth transmission of torque from one shaft to another, the possibility of mutual longitudinal movement of the shafts and damping of their vibrations.

Claims (9)

1. Cardan connection of shafts, characterized in that it is made using SDS cells consisting of central, supporting, peripheral and end elements, as well as rigid plates rigidly connected to the end elements of the SDS cells on one side and with the connected shafts on the other , wherein - each SDS cell consists of first and second central elements, rigidly connected by means of associated first and second end elements and rigid plates, respectively, with the drive and driven shafts, and at least four support elements, the planes of which are normal to the planes of the central and peripheral elements, are located at least two on one side and the other from each of the first and second central elements and are momentarily connected with each of the central elements at one end and with a peripheral element at the other end, with each of the two peripheral elements located with one and the other side of the central elements, connects the supporting elements associated with the first and second central elements; - SDS cells of the same geometry, with a total number of at least two, are located evenly in the azimuthal direction around the axes of the connected drive and driven shafts at the same distance of all central elements of the cells from the axes of their shafts, while the planes of the radially oriented central elements of the SDS cells pass through the axes their shafts; - the space of the entire volume of the cardan joint between the plates is filled with an elastomeric filling material, and along the periphery of the plates an impenetrable tensile material is glued to them, isolating the internal volume of the joint. 2. Cardan shaft connection according to claim 1, characterized in that the impermeable tensile material is sheet rubber, or sheet silicone, or impermeable fabric, the fibers of which are oriented at an angle of 45° to the axes of the shafts. 3. Cardan shaft connection according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid plates are made with elements provided for subsequent fastening to the shafts. 4. A method for manufacturing a cardan joint of shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that all elements of all cells and associated rigid plates are manufactured as a single part using 3-D technology of weaving high-strength composite threads on numerically controlled weaving machines with subsequent impregnation binder and its polymerization, the entire space between the plates is filled with an elastomeric filling material, and the internal volume of the joint is isolated using an impermeable tensile material adhered to the peripheral surface of the plates and the elastomeric filling material. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the impermeable tensile material is sheet rubber, or sheet silicone, or impermeable fabric, the fibers of which are oriented at an angle of 45° to the axes of the shafts. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the case of a lightly loaded connection with a limited service life, additive technologies are also used for its manufacture.