RU2802576C1 - Pile pilot turner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: used for the mechanization of the processing of manure and other organic waste. The pile turner includes a rotor with throwing blades mounted on a frame with wheels, a device for moving pile fragments and an air supply system to the pile, including a compressor. The turner is additionally equipped with a humidification system with nozzles and a liquid tank, a rotor height adaptation system with hydraulic cylinders for turning the wheels, a hydraulic motor and high-pressure hoses, a control unit with a cable system connecting it with the hydraulic motor and hydraulic cylinders of the rotor height adaptation system and with the humidification system nozzles, covering material laying system. At the same time, the device for moving fragments of the pile is made in the form of blades that perform the function of screw elements. The rotor is made in the form of a cylinder with blades of three types discretely placed on its outer surface - extreme blades for moving collar fragments from the periphery to the center, central throwing blades and middle blades for grinding manure in the pile. Air is supplied to the pile through the rotor, and a container for liquid moistening the pile is installed on the top of the frame.

EFFECT: possibility of effective complex processing of piles of various heights above ground level, including tedding, grinding of fragments, providing the desired moisture content of the pile and subsequent covering of the pile with a covering material.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used to mechanize the processing of manure and other organic waste.

In agriculture, in accordance with sanitary and veterinary rules, manure from farm animals is placed on fields, forming swell-like heaps - piles. To intensify the processes of biological disinfection and composting, it is necessary to ensure optimal conditions in terms of moisture content of the pile and its oxygen saturation. In addition, it is advisable to prevent the formation of large agglomerate fragments. To maintain the specified humidity, special liquids are used; to saturate the pile with oxygen, the manure is either turned or attempted to supply air through special ventilation systems. Turning the pile also allows you to get rid of large fragments, destroying them.

A known manure processing system includes a biofermenter, a ventilation device, exhaust holes located under the roof of the biofermenter, vehicles for unloading and removing processed manure (patent RU 2321984, published on April 20, 2008. Bulletin No. 11). According to a well-known solution, the biofermenter is a special container connected by a pipeline to the livestock building. The ventilation device includes two fans and an air duct. The fans are located outside and opposite each other on the side walls of the biofermenter. The air duct is located in the floor of the biofermenter and is made of two sections. Each section of the duct is connected to one of the fans and has a main part and branches. The main part of the air duct section is installed along the wall of the biofermenter. The air duct branches are located over the entire area of the biofermenter tank and are perpendicularly connected to the main part of the air duct section. The known device is equipped with additional biofermenters connected to each other by a manure supply pipeline. The pipeline is made with valves mounted with the ability to direct manure to one or another biofermenter. To implement the known solution, it is required that a ramp be formed on one side of the biofermenter, and an unloading area on the other side.

The disadvantages of the known solution include its stationary placement, the need to equip a ramp and an unloading area.

A semi-liquid manure loader is known, including a frame with units installed on it, a means for mixing and grinding manure and drives (patent RU 2048080, published on November 20, 1995). According to a known solution, the means for mixing and grinding manure is made in the form of working bodies equipped with a hydraulic cylinder, kinematically connected to it and pivotally mounted on the pump body with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to its longitudinal axis, each of which is made in the form of a shaft connected to the drive with disks fixed on it and blades located between the disks, each disk is equipped with knives and wedges fixed on its periphery and alternating with each other, and each working body is equipped with a casing covering it, made in the form of a section of the side surface of the cylinder.

The disadvantages of the known solution include the impossibility of its use for tedding organic waste stacked in piles in the fields. The disadvantages include the very narrow specialization of the known device, the consequence of which is, in particular, the difficulty of placing additional units on the frame without modifying it.

A well-known turner-loader of bedding manure includes a frame on which a shaft with passive needle disks, an auger device and an unloading conveyor are installed (patent RU 134734, published November 27, 2013. Bulletin No. 33). According to a well-known solution, the screw device consists of two screws installed in parallel, with left and right directions of rotation. The known device is mounted on the tractor frame.

The disadvantages of the known solution include the need to drive both augers, which, taking into account their parallel placement, leads to a complication of the mechanism for transmitting power from the tractor. In addition, the presence of a separate unloading conveyor also complicates the design.

A device is known for turning and saturating a manure pile with air, including a frame on which a rotating body is mounted, and a device for supplying air to the pile, connected to the tractor power take-off shaft (patent RU 87601, published 10.20.2009. Bulletin No. 29). According to a well-known solution, the rotating body is a drum with curved aeration needles, and the device for supplying air to the collar is made in the form of a pressure fan.

The disadvantages of the known solution include the impossibility of grinding large fragments of the collar, the impossibility of forming a collar and the impossibility of moistening the collar with special liquids.

The closest in terms of the set of essential features - the prototype of the claimed invention - is a compost aerator, which includes a frame-mounted auger device and a throwing device made with a bladed rotor (patent RU 2210199, published on August 20, 2003. Bulletin No. 23). According to a well-known solution, the auger device is a screw feeder, and behind the bladed rotor there is a pressure fan, which constantly supplies air to the flow of crushed manure fragments thrown by the throwing device. The screw feeder is made in the form of two screws with parallel horizontal axes, installed one above the other. The axis of the bladed rotor of the throwing device is located horizontally and perpendicular to the plane in which the axes of the augers are located.

The disadvantages of the known solution include the complexity of the design due to the need to drive three shafts located in different planes, as well as the impossibility of moistening the manure.

The general disadvantages of the known solutions include the impossibility of covering the pile with film after tedding - this requires separate agricultural machines or the use of manual labor.

The technical problem to be solved by the proposed utility model is the creation of a pile turner that provides crushing of large fragments of piles, moistening, formation of a pile and its automatic covering with covering material.

The technical result of the implementation of the proposed utility model is to provide the possibility of effective complex processing of piles of various heights above ground level, including tedding, crushing fragments, providing the specified moisture content of the pile and subsequent covering of the pile with covering material.

The stated technical problem is solved through the combined implementation of the following technical measures:

- application of a humidification system using nozzles,

- use of a combined grinding and throwing device,

- replacing the screw device with a rotor with discretely located grinding and throwing elements,

- application of a rotor height adaptation system,

- application of a system for laying covering materials.

These features are essential and are aimed at achieving the stated technical result.

The design of the collar turner proposed as a present utility model is illustrated by a drawing (Fig.) and includes a frame 1, wheels 2, hydraulic cylinders 3 connected to the axles of the wheels 2 and a hydraulic motor 4, a container 5, nozzles 6, a device 7 for connecting to the tractor power take-off shaft 15 , control unit 8, cable system 14 connecting control unit 8 with hydraulic cylinders 3, hydraulic motor 4 and nozzles 6, rotor 12, air compressor 16, system 17 for laying covering material.

Frame 1 is a rod-like spatial structure made of steel profile pipes to which flat steel sheets are welded. Frame 1 provides space for installation and connection of other units of the pile turner.

Wheels 2 have individual suspension and are attached to frame 1 through brackets (not highlighted in the figure). The axles of the wheels 2 are connected to the frame 1 by a hinge. An individual hydraulic cylinder 3 is connected to the axle of each wheel 2. The hydraulic motor 4 is connected to the hydraulic cylinders 3 and, in addition, the hydraulic motor 4 is directly connected to the axles of the wheels 2.

The hydraulic line “hydraulic motor 4 - hydraulic cylinders 3 - wheel axles 2” in combination with the cable system 14 and the control unit 8 forms the rotor height adaptation system 12 used in the pile turner proposed as this utility model.

The hydraulic line “hydraulic motor 4 - hydraulic cylinders 3 - wheel axles 2” includes at least one hydraulic distributor, a common tank for hydraulic fluid and high-pressure hoses (not indicated by positions in the figure).

The container 5 is located in the upper part of the frame 1 and is designed to accommodate the liquid that needs to be added to the manure. Such a liquid may be, for example, coagulants or inoculants. Capacity 5 is connected to nozzles 6, which are necessary to ensure the degree of moisture content of the pile specified by regulatory documents.

It is preferable to use electromagnetic injectors 6.

In fig. As an example, which does not exclude other embodiments, a collar agitator is shown containing four nozzles 6. The number of nozzles 6 is determined by the width of the processed collars and is not the subject of protection under this application.

On the outer side of the frame 1 there is a device 7 for connecting the collar turner to the power take-off shaft of the tractor 15.

The cable system 14 connecting the control unit 8 with the actuators - hydraulic cylinders 3, hydraulic motor 4, injectors 6, is shown as a line with a zigzag. The control unit 8 has controls located on the front panel of the tractor 15 (not shown in the figure), allowing the operator to issue commands, for example, to turn the nozzles 6 on and off.

The rotor 12 has a rotation drive from the power take-off shaft of the tractor 15 and is made in the form of a cylinder with three types of blades placed on the outer surface, performing different functions. The use of multifunctional blades on a common rotor is a new essential feature of the claimed utility model, ensuring the achievement of the stated technical result. The outer blades are designed to move fragments of the collar 18 from the periphery to the center, acting as screw elements. The middle blades crush fragments of the pile 18. The central blades are used to throw the fragments while simultaneously forming a trapezoidal-shaped pile. All blades of the rotor 12 are replaceable and fixed to the rotor 12 through intermediate brackets welded to the rotor 12. The rotor 12 with blades of various types, arranged in a certain order, is a combination of grinding, throwing elements and a screw device in one unit and allows you to save space and simplify the design.

The rotor 12 is supplied with air from the compressor 16 to saturate the fragments of the pile 18 with oxygen.

The system 17 for laying covering material is installed in the rear part of the frame and includes a device for installing a roll of covering material (not highlighted in the figure).

In addition to the features mentioned above, the design of the frame 1, wheels 2, hydraulic cylinders 3, hydraulic motor 4, tank 5, nozzles 6, device 7 for connecting the pile turner to the tractor 15, control unit 8, cable system 14, compressor 16, system 17 for laying covering material is not subject to protection under this application.

The pile turner proposed as a present utility model operates as follows. On the field there is an initial pile 18, made of organic waste, for example, bedding manure. The collar turner is connected through device 7 to the power take-off shaft of tractor 15. Tractor 15 begins to move along the axis of collar 18. The collar 18 can have different heights. If necessary, the machine operator located at the helm of the tractor 15, through the control unit 8, sends a corresponding signal to the hydraulic motor 4. The hydraulic motor 4, through the corresponding hydraulic distributor (not shown in the figure), supplies fluid to the hydraulic cylinders 3, which rotate the axles of the wheels 2, changing the position of the frame 1 with the pile turner units installed on it relative to the surface of the earth - raising or lowering it.

During the movement of the pile turner along the pile 18, there is a constant forced rotation of the rotor 12 and the operation of the air compressor 16. In this case, the layer of the pile 18 is turned to a depth equal to the protrusion of the blades above the rotor 12, the fragments of the pile 18 are crushed, the fragments are blown with air and thrown over. If necessary, the operator, using the control unit 8, turns on the nozzles 6, irrigating the collar 18. If it is necessary to lay covering material 171 on the collar 18, the edge of the covering material 171 is secured to the collar 18, the tractor continues to move along the collar 18, the covering material 171 is pulled out from the covering supply system 17 material and covers the collar 18.

The technical result of the implementation of the proposed utility model is to ensure the possibility of effective complex processing of piles of various heights above ground level with uneven edges, including tedding, crushing fragments, providing the specified moisture content of the pile and subsequent covering of the pile with covering material.

Claims (1)

A pile turner comprising a rotor with throwing blades mounted on a frame with wheels, a device for moving fragments of the pile and an air supply system to the pile, including a compressor, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a humidification system with nozzles and a liquid tank, a system for adapting the height of the rotor with hydraulic cylinders for turning the wheels, a hydraulic motor and high-pressure hoses, a control unit with a system of cables connecting it with a hydraulic motor and hydraulic cylinders of the rotor height adaptation system and with nozzles of the humidification system, a system for laying covering material, and the device for moving fragments of the bead is made in the form of blades that perform the function screw elements, and the rotor is made in the form of a cylinder with blades of three types discretely placed on its outer surface - outer blades for moving fragments of the pile from the periphery to the center, central throwing blades and middle blades for grinding manure in the pile, while air is supplied to the pile through rotor, and a container for liquid that moistens the collar is installed on the top of the frame.