RU2802535C1 - Method for automatic initialization and authorization of devices mated in one system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: control and regulation systems.

SUBSTANCE: when the slave devices are connected in series-parallel, a splitter is connected on the data bus section, containing an additional input-output port to which the data bus with slave devices is series-connected, to initialize and authorize the slave devices, the device sends polling commands through its input-output port, which are received in turn by slave devices connected by their I/O input ports to the data transfer bus, while upon receiving the command of the first slave device from the master device, it is initialized in the slave device and in the master address is assigned to the device, the slave device determines whether the next slave device is connected to its I/O output port and, if connected, transmits the next polling command from the master device through its I/O output port to the slave device following it, upon receipt of which the next slave device is initialized in the master device and assigned a new address.

EFFECT: possibility of automatic initialization and authorization of devices combined in one system.

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Description

The invention relates to general-purpose control and regulatory systems and can be used to control sensors in various systems, including fire, burglar alarms, etc. [G05B 6/00, G05B 6/02, G06F 13/00, G06F 13/14, H04Q 3/00].

The TOPOLOGY OF SPI-BASED COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS is known from the prior art [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface, last modified: 06/06/2022]. SPI (English Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI bus - serial peripheral interface, SPI bus) is a serial synchronous data transfer standard in full duplex mode, designed to provide simple and inexpensive high-speed interfacing of microcontrollers and peripherals. SPI is also sometimes called a four-wire interface.

Unlike a standard serial port, SPI is a synchronous interface in which any transmission is synchronized with a common clock signal generated by the master device (processor). The receiving (slave) peripheral synchronizes the receipt of the bit sequence with the clock signal. Multiple chips can be connected to one serial peripheral interface of a chip master. The master selects the slave for transmission by activating the chip select signal on the slave chip. Peripherals not selected by the processor do not participate in SPI transmission.

In the specified topology, a single slave device Slave is connected to the Master device and two-way data exchange is required. In this case, a three-wire connection diagram is used. The SPI interface allows you to connect several Slave devices to one Master device, and the connection can be made in several ways.

The first method allows you to implement a radial communication structure (star topology); it is considered to be the main way to connect several Slave devices. In this case, in order to communicate with more than one Slave device, the Master must generate the appropriate number of Slave Selection (SS) signals. When exchanging data with a slave device Slave, the corresponding SS signal is switched to an active (low) state, while all other SS signals are in an inactive (high) state. The MISO data pins of the Slave devices are connected in parallel, while they are in an inactive state, and before the exchange begins, one of the outputs (of the selected Slave device) goes into the active mode.

The second method allows you to implement a “ring” type communication structure. In this case, one SS signal is used to activate several Slave devices simultaneously, and the data pins of all devices are connected in series and form a closed circuit. When a packet is transmitted from a Master device, the packet is received by the first Slave, which in turn broadcasts its packet to the next Slave, and so on. In order for a packet from a Master to reach a particular Slave, the Master must send several more packets.

The closest in technical essence are SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COMBINING SEVERAL DEVICES [US 8943250 B2, publ. 01/27/2015], in which a system including a serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus, a master device communicatively coupled to the serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus, a first slave device communicatively coupled to the SPI bus, and a second slave device communicatively coupled with an SPI bus and with a first slave device, wherein the first and second slave devices are communicatively coupled in parallel with the SPI bus, the first and second slave devices are communicatively coupled to each other via a first circuit line, the master device is configured to communicate with the first and second slave devices via the SPI bus, wherein the first slave device contains a first circuit input port and a first circuit output port, the second slave device contains a second circuit input port and a second circuit output port, the first circuit input port is connected to ground, the first circuit output port is connected to a second circuit input circuit port through the first circuit line, and the second circuit output port remains unconnected. Here, the SPI bus includes a master slave input/output (MISO) line configured to include a wire OR configured to enable the first and second slave devices to respond to the master device. Here, a master device is configured to transmit a first and a second command, a first slave device is configured to transmit a first response to the first command using a MISO line, and a second slave device is configured to transmit a second response to a second command using a MISO line. Here, the first slave device is configured to transfer flow control to the second slave device using the first circuit line.

The method in the cited patent, in which:

determining whether a slave select line (SSEL) included on the SPI bus is active;

determining whether the circuit line is active;

if the SSEL line and the circuit line are active, then:

a command having M bits is received using a main slave input (MOSI) line included in the SPI bus;

transmitting a response using a tri-state master input/output (MISO) line included on the SPI bus;

determine whether the SSEL line is still active, and if the SSEL line is still active, then the output port of the circuit is activated.

The main technical problem of the prototype is that the system is not automatic due to the inability of the master device to independently determine the initialization and authorization of connected and newly connected slave devices, which increases the likelihood of errors when accessing previously disconnected slave devices and reduces the reliability of operation systems.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantage of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of creating a method for automatic initialization and authorization of devices combined in one system.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of automatic initialization and authorization of devices combined in one system, characterized by the presence in the system of a master device and slave devices connected by a data bus to the master device, the master device is configured to communicate with slave devices for which it contains a port I/O to which the data transfer bus is connected, and the slave devices contain input and output I/O ports, while in a serial connection the first slave device on the data transfer bus is connected to the master device with its input I/O port, and to the output port I/O of the first and subsequent slave devices are connected by their input I/O ports to the next slave devices on the data transfer bus, and with a serial-parallel connection of slave devices, a splitter containing at least one additional input port is connected to the data transfer bus section - pin to which the data bus with slave devices connected in series is connected, to initialize and authorize slave devices, the slave device sends polling commands through its I/O port, which in turn receive slave devices connected by their input I/O ports to data transmission bus, and when the first command is received from the master device of the slave device, it is initialized in the slave device and an address is assigned to it in the master device, the slave device determines whether the next slave device is connected to its output I/O port and, if connected, transmits through its output I/O port to the slave device following it, the next polling command from the master device, upon receipt of which the next slave device is initialized in the master device and a new address is assigned to it, while in a serial-parallel connection scheme of slave devices to the master device, polling -commands from the master device alternately pass first to slave devices connected on one serial section of the data bus, and then to slave devices connected to another serial section for their initialization and assignment of addresses.

In particular, the input and output data input/output ports of the slave devices are made on the same connector.

In particular, the master device is based on a controller.

In particular, slaves are sensors or actuators with an integrated interface.

In particular, the presence of a connection to the output I/O port of the next slave device is determined by the resistance at the output I/O port between the connection contacts of the next slave device.

In particular, to increase the data transfer rate and initialize slave devices, the splitter is implemented with the ability to store pool addresses of slave devices on each of the lines of the data bus and when sending a poll command from the master device, the splitter transmits the poll command to the last slave device of this bus line data transmission to determine the presence of a newly connected slave device.

Brief description of drawings

Figure 1 illustrates a method for automatically initializing and authorizing devices combined in one system with a sequential connection scheme between slave devices and a master device.

In fig. 2 illustrates a method for automatic initialization and authorization of devices combined in one system with a serial-parallel connection scheme between slave devices and a master device.

The figures indicate: 1 – master device, 2 – slave devices, 3 – data bus, 4 – splitter.

Carrying out the invention

The essence of the method for automatic initialization and authorization of devices combined in one system is described below using the example of implementation options with one master device 1 and several slave devices 2.

The essence of the method is to automatically determine (initialize) any slave devices 2 connected to the master device 1 (see Fig. 1-2) via the data bus 3, assign 2 unique address names (authorizations) to the initialized slave devices, with subsequent exchange between master device 1 and connected slave devices 2 data and automatic exclusion of slave device 2 from data exchange when it is disconnected. The connection of slave devices 2 to master 1 can be implemented either in series (see Fig. 1) or in series-parallel (see Fig. 2).

The master device 1 contains at least one I/O port (not shown in the figures) to which the data bus 3 is connected, and the slave device 2 contains input and output I/O ports, while in a serial connection the first one is on the transmission bus data 3, the slave device 2 is connected to the master device 1 by its input I/O port, and the next slave device 2 on the data transmission bus 3 is connected to the output I/O port of the mentioned slave device 2 by its input I/O port, etc. The data input and output ports of the slave devices 2 can be implemented on a single connector.

When the slave devices 2 are connected in series-parallel to the master device 1 (see Fig. 2) on the data bus section 3, between the output I/O port of one of the slave devices 2 and the input I/O port of the next slave device 2 is connected splitter 4 containing at least one additional I/O port to which a data transmission bus 3 with slave devices 2 connected in series to it is connected.

The master device 1 is made on the basis of a controller, which includes a processor containing a control unit and an arithmetic-logical unit, memory and an input-output module.

Slaves 2 are sensors or actuators with an integrated interface.

The method of connecting devices is implemented automatically, both when the power is turned on and during operation.

Slave device 1 sends polling commands through the I/O port, which are received in turn by all slave devices 2 connected by their input I/O ports to data bus 3.

An essential feature of this technical solution is that all slave devices 2, which do not have addresses assigned, have the ability to break the data bus 3, while at the moment the power is turned on on the data bus 3, only the first slave device 2 from the master device 1 is physically connected. After the first slave device 2 receives a polling command from the master device 1, it is assigned an address in the master device 1, and the said slave device 2 connects the next slave device 2 through its I/O output port, which allows the master device 1 to transmit a polling command to slave device 2, newly connected in the queue, which is assigned a new address in the same manner by master device 1. Similarly, the sequential operation of connecting and initializing slave devices 2 connected to data bus 3 is repeated until all slave devices 2 on bus 3 receive their addresses. Master 1 thereby automatically receives a complete list of all masters 2 on data bus 3.

With this method, it becomes possible to automatically determine both the presence of connected slave devices 2 and those removed from the system in case of their disconnection in real time.

A method for determining the presence of connected slave devices 2 on bus 3 can be implemented by monitoring the change in resistance at the output I/O port between the connection pins of each of the subsequent slave devices 2. If the resistance tends to infinity, slave device 2 considers that its There are no devices connected to the I/O output port. If a load appears on the output I/O port of slave device 2, then when a command is polled from master device 1 passing through slave device 2, it transmits information to master device 1 that it is no longer the last in the line and master device 1 starts the operation initialization of the newly connected slave 2.

In a similar way, the master device 1 automatically detects a break or short circuit in a section of the data bus 3 and turns off this section of the bus 3.

In an embodiment of the method of connecting devices in a serial-parallel circuit connecting slave devices 2 to the master device (see Fig. 2), where a splitter 4 is used to divide the bus 3 into parallel sections, the master device 1 alternately sends the polling command first to the slave devices 2, connected on one serial section of the data bus 3 for their initialization and address assignment, and then to slave devices 2, connected on another serial section for their initialization and address assignment.

To increase the data transfer rate and initialize slave devices 2, splitter 4 can be implemented with the ability to store pool addresses of slave devices 2 on each of the lines of the data bus 3 and when sending a poll command from master device 1, splitter 4 transmits the poll command directly to the last initialized and authorized slave device 2 to poll the next slave device 2 of the bus line 3 on which this slave device 2 is connected.

Claims (6)

1. A method for automatic initialization and authorization of devices combined in one system, characterized by the presence in the system of a master device and slave devices connected by a data bus to the master device; the master device is configured for communication with slave devices, for which it contains an input-output port to which the data transfer bus is connected, and the slave devices contain input and output I/O ports, and in a serial connection, the first slave device on the data transfer bus is connected to the master device with its input I/O port, and to the output I/O port of the first and subsequent slave devices are connected by their input I/O ports to the next slave devices on the data transfer bus, and with a serial-parallel connection of slave devices, a splitter is connected to the data transfer bus section, containing at least one additional I/O port to which the bus is connected data transmission with slave devices connected in series on it, to initialize and authorize slave devices, the slave device sends polling commands through its I/O port, which alternately receive slave devices connected by their input I/O ports to the data transmission bus, while receiving a command from the first device of the slave device, it is initialized in the slave device and an address is assigned to it in the master device, the slave device determines whether the next slave device is connected to its output I/O port, and if connected, transmits through its output I/O port to the next slave device the next poll command from the master device, upon receipt of which the next slave device is initialized in the master device and is assigned a new address, while in a serial-parallel connection scheme of slave devices to the master device, poll commands from the master device alternately pass first to slave devices connected on one serial section of the data bus, and then to slave devices connected on another serial section to initialize them and assign addresses. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the input and output ports of data input-output of slave devices are made on the same connector. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the master device is based on a controller. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slave devices are sensors or actuators with a built-in interface. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the presence of a connection to the output I/O port of the next slave device is determined by the resistance at the output I/O port between the connection contacts of the next slave device. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to increase the data transfer rate and initialize slave devices, the splitter is implemented with the ability to store pool addresses of slave devices on each of the lines of the data bus and when sending a poll command from the master device, the splitter transmits the poll - a command to the last slave device of this data bus line to determine the presence of a newly connected slave device.