RU2802292C2 - Metal mesh equipped with sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metal meshes.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the manufacture of a metal mesh having interwoven metal wires and can be used for various works to protect general public, as well as to create slopes, ceilings, embankments, wharfs. A metal mesh having interlaced metal wires forming metal mesh cells comprises at least one elongated sensing element attached in one piece to the metal mesh, inserted into the mesh during its manufacture. The elongated sensing element may comprise a wire made of a material having a low resistivity variation coefficient and a high strain gauge coefficient.

EFFECT: effective control of the deformed state of the metal mesh, simplified method of its production.

13 cl, 6 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES

The present invention relates to the woven wire mesh sector. Grids of this type include, for example, double-twisted hexagonal meshes in which adjacent metal wires are intertwined with each other. Nets of this type are used for various public protection works, such as rockfall protection nets, for construction works using reinforced soil, for creating fenced stone walls, river banks, roadbeds and overpasses, and other works of this type.

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Metal meshes, in particular double twisted meshes, have been known for a long time and have been used for countless public protection and containment works. They can, for example, be used to protect slopes, to produce mechanically stabilized soil, to create or reinforce embankments. Meshes can also be used for the same purpose in the form of gabions or mattress structures.

One of the main requirements for meshes of this type is resistance to static forces or dynamic impacts of a given value. When a metal mesh is used as a protection mesh against rockfalls, for example, and a significant impact occurs, the metal mesh becomes deformed and must be replaced. However, if the forces or shocks are small in magnitude, or if the deformation of the mesh is not permanent in nature, it is generally not possible to visually verify to what extent and how often the metal mesh has been deformed. Meanwhile, in jobs where the metal mesh is embedded in the ground, such as in the production of mechanically stabilized earth or green outer walls, it is not even possible to check the potential permanent deformation of the mesh, except by topographical inspection of the outer wall.

In all these cases, the lack of information about the deformations that the metal mesh is exposed to during operation can lead to the risk of its unexpected failure, sometimes with serious consequences, to prevent which it is necessary to plan periodic checks and scheduled repairs or replacements of the metal mesh. The frequency of inspections and repairs requires significant costs in the management of construction work.

When monitoring embankments and waterway embankments, particular attention is paid to the ability to keep the saturation level of embankments under control during floods and to check for gaps created, for example, by burrowing animals. For this purpose, methods are known which ensure that the geoelectric material is distributed parallel to the waterway and completely separated from the materials used to protect embankments or embankments.

US2006/083458 shows an intrusion protection mesh that may include a fence mesh in combination with an optical fiber system that can warn of an attempted intrusion.

US 2006/131463 describes a twisted mesh having additional reinforcing wires arranged transversely with respect to the wires forming the mesh.

CN208266894 describes a soil slope geogrid comprising a mesh body and a sensing fiber.

EP 1680552 describes a double-twisted reinforcing mesh in which some of its wires are replaced by metal cables for added strength.

The present invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art, and to provide a simple and effective system for monitoring the status of construction works that use interlaced metal meshes. Another object is to provide a metal mesh whose condition can be monitored directly, preferably continuously, during normal use. Another object is to produce a metal mesh in which the control of its deformed state is effective, relatively cheap and easy to implement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to achieve the above objects, the invention relates to a metal mesh as claimed in the following claims. In particular, the invention provides a metal mesh with elongated sensing elements (sensors) in one piece mesh.

In particular, the elongated sensing elements can sense changes in one or more parameters, such as temperature and/or strain. Alternatively or in addition, they can sense vibrations and/or humidity levels and/or changes in pressure, electric field, magnetic field, etc.

The elongated sensing elements are integral with the grid. In particular, the elements that form the grid, in particular metal wires, and the elongated sensing elements that are designed to detect deformations or that are part of the geoelectric detection system, are combined with each other in the sense that the sensing elements are inserted into the grid during its manufacture. More specifically, the elongated sensing elements are embedded in the cells of the metal grid. For example, the sensing elements are selectively inserted into the cell nodes in the longitudinal direction of the grid and/or in the transverse direction of the grid. Elongated sensors (elongated sensor elements) can be added to the wires from which the metal mesh is made to build three-wire knots, or can be a substitute for wires to create two-wire knots in weaves with adjacent metal wires. Depending on the type of voltage to which the elongated sensing elements respond, they can be embedded in the metal mesh cells in a substantially straight path or in a more undulating, looped path.

The fact that the sensor is embedded in the metal cells of the mesh makes the mesh the means by which the environment comes into contact with the sensors; metal mesh, which is often completely embedded in a structure (reinforced soil, embankment, etc.), is subjected to all deformations and vibrations to which the structure in which it is embedded is subjected. Thus, it can transmit this information to the sensors with optimum efficiency and sensitivity.

A grid containing sensors can be used to provide an alarm system that sends a signal when, after some event, a predetermined threshold for a parameter is exceeded. For example, it can send an alarm when a temperature deviation or deformation is detected above a threshold value that is considered acceptable, or when a vibration is detected with an amplitude or frequency that is considered dangerous.

A grid containing fixed elongated sensing elements attached entirely to the grid itself can also be used to implement construction control systems that keep predetermined parameters describing the health and use status of the work under constant control. The sampling rate can be very high.

Naturally, a metal mesh containing elongated sensing elements retains all the properties of a mesh that does not contain elements of this type, including resistance. Thus, it retains all the properties of the prior art mesh that make it a suitable reinforcement element in a wide range of construction applications, and also provides an important new function of monitoring the state of the mesh itself without the need to implement another separate element. Additionally, because the sensors are built into the grid itself, the control is more sensitive than can be obtained using sensors separate from the grid. In this regard, the second aspect, according to which the sensing elements are inserted into the nodes of the metal grid, is particularly advantageous; this ensures that the sensing elements cannot slide against the grid. Elongated sensors may contain different materials depending on the type of measurement or detection they are designed to perform. For example, in the case of evaluating strains, one or more sensing wires made of a material having a low coefficient of change in resistivity may be used such that the change in resistance with temperature is very small. These sensing wires are integrated into the metal mesh so as to have a substantially straight path and preferably have a high extensometry (gauge factor) capable of exhibiting a relatively high change in resistance with changes in the strain they are subjected to. The preferred material for this type of elongated sensor is constantan or a material having similar characteristics, such as a copper-manganese-nickel alloy known under the trade name "manganin", a copper-zinc-nickel alloy known as "nickel brass", and a nickel alloy. and chromium, known as "nichrome". To avoid short circuits with the metal wires in the grid or with the environment, the elongated sensors can be covered with a layer or sheath of insulating material.

For some applications, it is also possible to use elongated composite fiber and/or optical fiber sensors, such as Bragg reticle sensors. Some sensors of this type allow obtaining information about local deformation, including at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal extent of the sensor, in accordance with the design technology of a fiber optic or composite fiber sensor.

Thus, the invention makes it possible to weave these elongated sensing elements into the metal mesh, for example in double twist, during the manufacturing process of the metal mesh itself.

In a particularly advantageous aspect, the sensing elements are optical fibers and preferably fiber optic sensors based on scattering phenomena. In particular, the Applicant has identified an ideal sensor from fiber optic sensors using the Brillouin effect. As is known, Brillouin scattering causes a change in the frequency of light, caused, for example, by the presence of a local deformation or a change in temperature. Thus, by analyzing the light detected at the output of the fiber, it is possible to reconstruct the presence of local deformations or temperature changes.

Thus, these sensors make it possible to detect, in a certain section of a single optical fiber, both temperature changes and deformations, while maintaining optimal spatial resolution, for example, of the order of 1 meter over a total length of up to 100 km, if OTDR (optical time domain reflectometry) is used. ), or 1 cm over a total length of up to 10 km if BOCDA (Brillouin Optical Correlation Analysis) is used. They are also economical and can be used even over very long distances of the order of kilometers.

An example of a fiber that can be used in a Brillouin effect sensor is a "telecom grade" optical fiber, in other words, a type of fiber that is used in telecommunications. The fiber has a standard diameter of 125 microns. It is made from pure siliceous material in an amorphous state, in other words from pure glass. The glass is encased in a protective coating.

However, the use of fiber optic sensors based on various scattering phenomena (eg Raman scattering or Rayleigh scattering) or other fiber optic interferometric sensors is not excluded. Additionally, it is possible to provide separate temperature and strain sensors, even though detection of temperature and strain changes with a single sensor is preferred for economic and implementation reasons. Additionally, sensors for vibration, pressure, electric and/or magnetic fields, etc. can be provided.

Metal mesh containing elongated sensing elements embedded in the mesh finds use in a variety of applications. It can be buried to create reinforced soil or, more generally, to perform support work. It may be inserted inside a roadway or guardrail, a boundary (eg, asphalt), or otherwise. In all these cases, it is especially useful to be aware of any local deformations, which may be completely invisible from the outside, but can be equally dangerous to the strength of the structure. Thus, the present invention also relates to a reinforced ground, roadbed or guardrail comprising a mesh having elongated sensing elements integrally attached to the mesh having some or all of the additional features described above and below.

The mesh can also be used as a stone barrier or as a mesh to hold stones together. In this case, local deformation may be visible to the naked eye, but inspection may not be easy due to difficulty in accessing the location. In any case, between one check and another, events may occur that deform or even destroy the structure, and about which it is recommended to have timely information. The present invention also relates to a stone barrier comprising a mesh having elongated sensing elements integrally attached to the mesh having some or all of the additional features described above and below.

The present invention further relates to a road or railway embankment having a grid comprising elongated sensing elements integrally attached to the grid having some or all of the additional features described above and below. The mesh can also be located both at the base and in intermediate positions of the embankment, including in the case of embankments on supports.

The invention comprises a landfill slope and bridging mesh comprising elongated sensing elements integrally attached to the mesh having some or all of the additional features described above and below. In the landfill, it is also extremely useful to be able to have immediate feedback, both in the event of structural deformations in the slopes of the vessel or ceiling, and in the event of temperature fluctuations that may be caused by failure.

The invention further relates to a river bank (embankment), a lake or, in general, a water basin, or otherwise to a dam, containing a grid containing elongated sensing elements integrally attached to a grid having some or all of the additional features described above and below. . Indeed, in the case of embankments and dams, it is obviously very important to have immediate feedback in the event of even a slight deformation of the structure, since this can cause weakening and subsequent rupture with potentially catastrophic consequences, as a result of the flood that inevitably follows, and as a result of the difficulty of repair embankment, which previously could not stand it. The timeliness of intervention is critical to preventing embankment destruction and therefore constant, accurate and punctual monitoring is extremely important. In the preferred case where the mesh comprises at least one elongated temperature and strain sensor element, the temperature can also be monitored, which may indicate the presence of a failure. Even a minor failure, which has not yet necessarily caused deformation in the structure of the embankment itself, can nevertheless be problematic and therefore desirable to be reported. In the manufacture of embankments, the ability to control even a very long section with minimal costs and high accuracy is of particular importance. Preferably, the sensor is a fiber optic sensor, and even more preferably a fiber optic sensor that uses the Brillouin effect.

The invention further relates to a pipe cover structure comprising a mesh comprising elongated sensing elements integrally attached to a mesh having some or all of the features described above and below. Pipes can be for gas or oil, or for water, such as in the case of aqueducts or hydroelectric gates.

In all of the above and other applications, the mesh may include at least one elongated temperature and strain sensing element. For reasons of cost, accuracy and reliability, the elongated sensors are preferably fiber optic sensors, even more preferably fiber optic sensors that use the Brillouin effect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Additional features and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting example, in which:

1 is a view of an example portion of a hexagonal grid incorporating aspects of the present invention,

Fig. 2 is a view of a second example of a section of a hexagonal grid incorporating aspects of the present invention,

3 is a view of a third example of a section of a hexagonal grid incorporating aspects of the present invention,

Fig. 4 is a view of a fourth example of a section of a hexagonal grid incorporating aspects of the present invention,

5 is a view of a river embankment reinforced with a hexagonal mesh incorporating aspects of the present invention, and

6 is a view of a reinforced road embankment containing a hexagonal mesh incorporating aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to figure 1, shows an example of a grid area, preferably with a hexagonal cell, incorporating aspects of the present invention. The mesh 1 may be a double twisted hexagon mesh, which may comprise a plurality of wires 2, 3, 2', 3', in particular metal wires, preferably steel, wound around each other in twisted sections 7, 7' to form hexagonal cells 4. Twisting follows one direction of twisting in each twisted section 7, 7': clockwise or counterclockwise, but constant in each twisted section. In figure 3, twisted sections 7, 7' have wires 2, 3 interlaced in an alternating direction between one and the other row: if wires 2 and 3 are intertwined with each other clockwise in one row, wires 2 and 3 in the lower and the top row are intertwined counterclockwise. However, the variant in which all twisted portions 7, 7' have the same weave direction should not be ruled out.

The mesh 1 may comprise at least one elongated sensor 5 inserted longitudinally through selected twisted portions 7'. The elongated sensor 5 may form two trapezoidal cells 6 surrounded by two successive twisted sections 7' in the longitudinal direction defined by the direction along which the elongated sensor 5 extends. nickel - or any other known metal alloy having good strain sensitivity (calibration factor) and relatively low strain amplitude and temperature sensitivity. For this purpose, other known alloys having similar characteristics can be used, such as a copper-manganese-nickel alloy known under the trade name "manganin", a copper-zinc-nickel alloy known as "nickel brass", and a nickel-chromium alloy, known as nichrome. The elongated sensor 5 may be covered with a layer or sheath of insulating material. In some applications, it is also possible to use an extended fiber optic or composite fiber sensor.

A known data acquisition system is provided on the heads of the elongated sensor 5 with a variable interval, comprising an electronic device that detects, in the case of using, for example, constantan wire, the electrical potential on the heads of the elongated sensor 5, and is able to report and/or store the change in said electrical potential.

In the case of using optical fibers or composite fibers, an equivalent data acquisition system using these fibers is provided at the installation stage on the construction site with an interval that may vary depending on the specifics in individual homogeneous areas that must be monitored. The system usually has at least one light source and a photo detector.

With reference to FIG. 2, another example of a portion of a hexagonal mesh grid incorporating aspects of the present invention is shown. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the mesh 10 further comprises at least one transverse elongate sensor 11. The transverse elongate sensor 11 is positioned perpendicular to the elongated sensors 5 which intersect with the transverse elongate sensor 11 at intersection points 12. At least one transverse elongated sensor 11 is inserted inside the twisted sections 7'' formed only by two longitudinal wires 2, 3, 2', 3'. The at least one transverse elongated sensor 11 is also preferably an extensometer alloy wire, such as constantan, an alloy of copper and nickel, or any other known metal alloy having good strain sensitivity (calibration factor) and relatively low strain sensitivity. strain amplitude and temperature. For this purpose, other known alloys having similar characteristics can be used, such as a copper-manganese-nickel alloy known under the trade name "manganin", a copper-zinc-nickel alloy known as "nickel brass", and a nickel-chromium alloy, known as nichrome. The transverse elongated sensor 11 may be covered with a layer or sheath of insulating material. In some applications, it is also possible to use an extended fiber optic or composite fiber sensor. The transverse elongate sensor 11 may be of the same type or different type as the elongate sensor 5. Known electronic circuitry is provided on the transverse elongate sensor heads 11, which detects, in the case of using constantan or the like, the electric potential at the transverse elongate sensor heads 11, and is capable of reporting and/or keep changing this electric potential. The electronic circuit may be combined with the electronic circuit which detects the potential difference in the elongated sensor 5, or may be another electronic circuit.

It should be noted that the mesh sections shown in Figures 1 and 2 show one longitudinal elongated sensor 5 and one transverse elongated sensor 11, since the mesh section 1 shown in the drawings is too small to be evaluated in detail. However, a plurality of longitudinal and transverse elongated sensors can typically be provided. A mesh having these features is capable of reporting, by means of an electronic circuit or circuits located on the heads of each longitudinal 5 and/or transverse 11 elongated sensor, deformation events caused, for example, by loading or impacts on the mesh, or otherwise used as a structure forming a system control associated with an element that has its own characteristics of mechanical resistance, for example, with a metal mesh.

The mesh 1, as described above with reference to Figures 1 or 2, can be produced with a machine of the type that is the subject of PCT/IB2017/050700, by the same Applicant. It should be noted that the machine described in said patent application does not impose any restrictions on the length of the sensor 5. Indeed, the machine feeds the element 5 directly from the reel, which has no size restrictions imposed by the machine or the manufacturing process. This aspect is particularly advantageous when the sensor is an optical fiber, since it is preferable to reduce the number of connections as much as possible.

With reference to FIG. 3, another example of a portion of a hexagonal grid 16 incorporating aspects of the present invention is shown. In this case, mesh 16 is formed by wires 18 interlaced together at knots 24 so as to form hexagonal meshes. At certain intervals, an elongated sensor 20, which extends longitudinally to form a trapezoidal cell with adjacent wires 18 with which it is intertwined in knots 24, is placed in place of one of the wires 18. As described above with respect to the examples of Figures 1 or 2, at least one longitudinal elongated sensor 20 is preferably an extensometer alloy wire, such as constantan, an alloy of copper and nickel, or any other known metal alloy having good strain sensitivity (strain factor) and relatively low strain amplitude sensitivity and temperature. For this purpose, other known alloys having similar characteristics can be used, such as a copper-manganese-nickel alloy known under the trade name "manganin", a copper-zinc-nickel alloy known as "nickel brass", and a nickel-chromium alloy, known as nichrome. The longitudinal elongated sensor 20 may be covered with a layer or sheath of insulating material. In some applications, it is also possible to use an extended fiber optic or composite fiber sensor. On the heads of the longitudinal elongate sensor 20, a known electronic circuit is provided which detects, in the case of using constantan or the like, an electric potential on the heads of the longitudinal elongate sensor 20, and is able to report and/or store a change in this electric potential. When the elongated sensor 20 is an optical fiber or composite fiber type, another acquisition system is provided on its heads, typically comprising at least one light source and at least one photodetector.

FIG. 4 shows another example of a portion of a hexagonal grid 16 incorporating aspects of the present invention. In this case, the mesh is formed by wires 18 interlaced together at knots 24 so as to form hexagonal cells. At certain intervals, an elongated sensor 20', which extends longitudinally to form a trapezoidal cell with adjacent wires 18 with which it is intertwined in knots 24, is placed in place of one of the wires 18. Compared to FIG. 3, where the elongated sensor 20 is , essentially straight, in the example of figure 4, the elongated sensor 20' is located so as to form curved loops. It is also possible to use elongated sensors 20 arranged in a substantially straight line in the same grid, as well as sensors 20' arranged in a loop, as shown as a non-limiting example at the edges of the grid in Fig.4.

The mesh as described above with reference to Figures 3 and 4 can be made using the machine described in WO 2011/030316 by the same applicant.

With reference to FIG. 5, a mesh having built-in elongated sensors can be used to create an embankment 30 of a river, canal, lake, or the like. In particular, the mesh 1 described above with reference to FIG. 1 can be used, optionally also folded to form a mattress structure. Naturally, it is also possible to use a mesh 10, 16, 16' similar to the mesh in Figures 2, 3 or 4, or having features combined from the features of the four mesh types described.

According to the known method, the embankment 30 comprises an embankment having two sides 32 and 34: an inner side 32 facing the water and an outer side 34 facing the opposite side. The mesh 1 can be used to reinforce only one of the sides 32, 34 or both. To do this, it is placed on pre-compacted soil. Subsequently, it can also be covered, for example, with soil, as in the example in Fig.5.

The grid 1 is placed on the ground with elongated sensing elements 5, preferably parallel to the direction of the river or parallel to the bank, in the case of a body of water, or, in other words, parallel to the main direction of the embankment itself. Thus, one sensing element monitors long sections of the embankment 30. The embankment additionally contains a main communication line 36, preferably located at the top 38 of the embankment.

The embankment 30 may further comprise a rain sensor 40, which is especially useful when at least one of the two elongated sensors 5 detects humidity or temperature. Indeed, it is obvious that in the event of rain, an increase in humidity and probably also a change in temperature will be detected, which, however, are not related to the loss of the bearing capacity of the embankment. Thus, the ability to control the presence of rainwater makes it possible to correctly interpret the values recorded by the sensors 5.

Embankment 30 may also contain a water meter 44 to control the height of the water. It may also contain a surveillance video camera 42 . The main communication line 36 transmits information received from all equipment, as well as signals detected by detection control units 46 located at a predetermined distance from each other. The detection control units 46 may comprise a data acquisition system for receiving a signal from the elongated sensing elements 5.

In use, the elongated sensors 5 monitor at least one parameter such as deformation, temperature, humidity and vibration. It should be noted in particular that the fact that the sensors 5 are fixed in the nodes 7' of the mesh 1 causes the mesh itself to be the means by which the environment comes into contact with the sensors 5. The metal mesh 1, which in the illustrated example is completely embedded in embankment, is subjected to all the deformations and vibrations to which the structure in which it is built is subjected, and therefore transmits them very effectively to the sensors.

Quay 30 is thus a quay with its inherent control. Naturally, the type of control can be changed depending on the requirements of a particular site and many variables such as atmospheric conditions, detected water height, etc. For example, it is possible to change the sampling rate, but also set different alarm thresholds for each monitored parameter.

It should be emphasized that the mesh 1 performs the functions of a conventional metal mesh to control erosion and reduce the risks associated with the presence of burrowing animals. Additionally, the mesh 1, provided with elongated sensors 5, also performs the additional function of hydraulic and geotechnical control.

To create the embankment 30 shown in FIG. 5, the use of fiber optic sensors 5 is particularly recommended, and in particular optical fibers based on scattering phenomena are preferred. The preferred choice is to use optical fibers that use the Brillouin effect because they are well suited for efficient and accurate monitoring of very large areas, as is indeed the case for river, canal or lake banks that typically extend for many kilometers.

Referring to FIG. 6, a mesh having built-in elongated sensors can be used to create an embankment of a road or a railway embankment. The drawings show an example of a road embankment 50 on supports and a road embankment 54 without supports. Regardless of the presence or absence of supports 52, the road embankment 50, 54 comprises at least one mesh having elongated sensors.

The first grid 60 containing the elongated sensors is located at the base 56 of the road embankment 50, 54. The second grid 62 containing the elongated sensors is located at the base of the foundation 58. The third grid 63 containing the elongated sensors is located inside the foundation 58, which can be related or unrelated. A fourth grid 64, containing elongated sensing elements, is located within the pavement 59, which may optionally contain bituminous gravel. In the illustrated examples, both road embankments 50 and 54 comprise four grids 60, 62, 63, 64 containing elongated sensors, although it is naturally possible to use a single grid containing elongated sensors in only one of the positions described, using grids without elongated sensors in other provisions or alternative reinforcing structures.

Naturally, as a result, without prejudice to the principle of the invention, embodiments and implementation details may differ significantly from what is described and illustrated without departing from the scope of the patent claims of the invention.

Claims (17)

1. Metal mesh (1, 10, 16, 16') having interlaced metal wires forming metal mesh cells, containing at least one elongated sensor element (5, 11, 20, 20') integrally attached to the metal mesh, wherein at least one elongated sensor element is added to the wires from which the metal mesh is made to form three-wire knots (7') with them or to form, by replacing the wire of the metal mesh with a sensor element, two-wire knots (24) on weaves with adjacent metal wires, with at least one elongated sensor element inserted selectively in the nodes (7', 24) of the cells of the metal mesh in the longitudinal direction of the mesh. 2. Mesh according to claim 1, in which at least one transverse elongated sensor element (11), included to form the metal mesh cells, is inserted selectively at the nodes (7'') of the metal mesh cells in the transverse direction of the mesh. 3. Mesh according to claim 1 or 2, in which at least one elongated sensor element is embedded in the cells of the metal mesh to form a substantially straight path or to form a wavy path with loops. 4. Grid according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, in which at least one elongated sensor element comprises a substantially straight wire of a material having a low coefficient of change in resistivity and a high strain gauge, preferably formed from constantan or a material having similar properties, for example, a copper alloy -manganese-nickel, copper-zinc-nickel alloy and/or nickel-chromium alloy. 5. Grid according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, in which at least one elongated sensor element is covered with a layer or sheath of insulating material. 6. Mesh according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, wherein at least one elongated sensor element is a fiber optic sensor or a composite fiber sensor. 7. The grid according to claim 6, wherein the elongated sensor element is a fiber optic sensor based on the scattering phenomenon. 8. The grid of claim 6, wherein the elongated sensor element is a fiber optic sensor based on Brillouin scattering. 9. Controlled embankment (30) for the location of the waterway or pool, containing an embankment with two sides (32, 34) and a metal mesh (1, 10, 16, 16'), made according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8 and embedded in at least one of said two sides. 10. Embankment (30) according to claim 9, in which at least one elongated sensor element is located parallel to the main direction of the coast itself. 11. Road or railway embankment (50, 54) containing foundation (58) and road or railway pavement (59) having at least one metal mesh (60, 62, 63, 64) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8. 12. Road or railway embankment (50, 54) according to claim 11, in which at least one grid (60, 62, 63, 64) containing elongated sensor elements is located in at least one of the following positions: - at the base (56) of the road embankment, - at the base of the foundation (58), - inside the foundation (58), - inside the pavement (59). 13. A method of manufacturing a metal mesh according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, wherein at least one elongated sensor element integrally attached to the metal mesh is inserted into the mesh during fabrication.

Images