RU2802092C1 - Surface icebreaker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: naval forces.

SUBSTANCE: creation of navy surface ships and vessels with high ice-breaking ability and icebreakers, which can be implemented on the basis of the geometry of a planar multi-hull design of a planar-type hull. A hull structure that is simple in design, construction and operation, consisting of planar hull structures, will significantly reduce the costs, time and labor intensity of manufacturing, assembly and installation of hull structures of the outer shell and internal hull saturation of the ship. The proposed structural hull scheme will significantly increase the ice-breaking capacity of navy surface ships and vessels.

EFFECT: proposed technical solution, implemented on the basis of a planar hull in combination with specialized ice-breaking stages, makes it possible to achieve the stated technical result, namely, to increase the ice-breaking ability and, as a result, to increase the efficiency of the operation of naval surface ships and vessels in severe ice conditions.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular to the manufacture of complex hull structures of ships and vessels, and can be used for the construction of combat surface ships of high icebreaking class icebreaker.

A technical solution (PM No. 183492) is known from the prior art, which makes it possible to impart enhanced or even icebreaking properties to traditional displacement hulls. It was implemented in the Pomor project and has a high efficiency compared to the hulls of civilian icebreakers of traditional displacement hulls without attachments in the form of ice steps.

Also known from the prior art is the concept (FROM No. 2770817) of planar hulls for a wide type of a number of classes of combat surface ships, such as a small missile ship, corvette, frigate, universal landing ship, aircraft carrier. This concept makes it possible to obtain a number of technical advantages in operation on clean water (without ice), such as high manufacturability of construction (reduction of construction time, reduction in construction costs), high strength of hull structures from any external influences (from storm, combat, ice or combinations thereof). at the same time), reducing pitching in stormy weather (which is good both for an aircraft carrier - for taking off aircraft, and for escort ships of the corvette-frigate class, as this increases their seaworthiness - that is, the ability to be effectively operated in stormy weather both in terms of the use of weapons and and in terms of driving performance), a decrease in the power of the main power plant is global in terms of the selection of equipment, since it is selected for full and maximum travel speed.

The disadvantage of the technical solution of the prototype is a small number of buried surfaces of the hulls and a small draft of such vessels, which is typical for the possibility of entering planing modes for small vessels and boats.

The use of similar approaches to the design of the hulls of large and super-large ships and vessels makes it possible to maintain the trend from the geometry of high-speed vessels with a significant increase in the stability of the vessel and, as a result, a significant decrease in the ship's roll, which will greatly improve the operational properties of such ships as aircraft carriers (AB), universal landing ships (UDK) and large landing ships (BDK).

The aim of the invention is to eliminate these shortcomings, namely, to increase the ice-breaking capacity to that of an icebreaker using planar structures (steps) that allow breaking ice using alternative methods by crushing.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of the surface vessel. The technical result consists in increasing the ice-breaking capacity to that of an icebreaker and improving the operational properties of ships made on the basis of a planar hull (speed, maneuverability) when moving in ice.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the icebreaking surface ship is made on the basis of a planar hull, consisting of a set of planar planes of hull structures of the outer skin of the ship's hull, forming a trimaran shape of the ship's hull, symmetrical on both sides, while additionally on at least one stem of the ship at least two straight steps are made symmetrically relative to the ship's diametrical plane, where the length, width and height of the step depend on the length, width and draft of the ship, while these steps are located above and below the service waterline.

An additional feature is that the inclination of the icebreaking steps is from 25 to 10 degrees relative to the operational waterline.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a side view of the bow of the ship according to the present invention, where the steps are made on the same stem, where 1 is the steps, 2 is a longitudinal section of the ship (the diametrical plane of the ship), 3 is ice, 4 is water, 5 is the waterline.

Fig. 2 shows a bottom view of a ship's bow containing four straight stages according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional model of a ship according to the present invention, where steps are provided on each of the three stems.

On FIG. 1 shows the bow of a surface ship (frigate) along a longitudinal section, where the ship's hull is made on the basis of a planar hull, consisting of a set of planar planes of hull structures of the outer skin of the ship's hull, forming a trimaran shape of the ship's hull, symmetrical on both sides.

On FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows the bow of a surface ship (frigate), which contains one stem with four straight steps (1) made symmetrically with respect to the center plane of the ship (planar longitudinal section). In this case, these stages (1) are located above and below the waterline (5) (operational waterline).

The methodology for determining the size of steps (1) for your type of ship is as follows:

ice step length: l _st \u003d 0.046 * L (m),

ice step width: b _st \u003d 0.093 * B (m),

ice step height: h _st \u003d T / n (m), where

L is the length of the ship when drafted along the design waterline, B is the width of the ship when drafted along the design waterline, T is the draft of the ship (hull penetration, distance from the water to the ship's keel).

In this case, the number of steps n is set from 3 to 6 pieces, thus the height of the step depends on the draft and the number of ice steps.

Speed in icebreaking mode: V _ice \u003d 0.4 * V (knots).

The angle of inclination of the ice step to the base of the plane (along the bottom of the ship): alpha=((N/(D*V _ice ))*3300.24)*(π/180)*1000 (deg).

Thus, the thickness of the broken ice will be determined in accordance with the following formula: t=h _st *1.8 (m).

These formulas can also have correction factors for the ideology of the ship's hull type itself.

A table with the main parameters of the prototype (project "Pomor") and two classes of ships according to the present invention: a frigate and an aircraft carrier, is given below.

ship class Parameter Designation Unit rev. Prototype Frigate Aircraft carrier 1 Displacement D tons 8000 7500 80000 2 Length L m 110 95 250 3 Width B m 20 17 50 4 Draft T m 5 4 12 5 Board height H m 15 15 thirty 6 Speed V bonds 25 thirty thirty 7 Ice speed V _ice bonds 10 12 12 8 Power N Tue 25000 40000 120000 9 Ice step angle aplha hail 18.0 25.6 7.2 10 Ice step length l _st m 5.1 4.4 11.5 eleven Ice step width b _st m 1.9 1.6 4.7 12 Ice step height h _st m 1.3 1.3 2.0 13 Number of ice steps n PC. 4.0 3.0 6.0 14 Broken ice thickness t m 2.3 2.4 3.6

From the above information, it is obvious that the length, width and height of the stage (1) directly depend on the length, width and draft of the corresponding type of ship.

The slope of the steps (1) depends on their number and the main dimensions of the ship (vessel) on which they are used, and, as can be seen from the table, is from 25.6 to 7.2 degrees.

On FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional model of the ship (aircraft carrier) according to the present invention, where steps (1) are made on each of the three stems.

According to the present invention, the steps (1) are made of sheet steel with the same sheet thickness as the outer skin. In addition, at the locations of the steps (1) in the internal hull saturation, special additional hull connections are used, which ensure the strength of the steps when they interact with ice. Moreover, these connections can be made both fixed and with some margin for the possibility of depreciation under loads from breaking ice.

The place of installation of icebreaking steps (1) is selected in the course of the direct movement of the ship on the sides of the hull in the area of the draft of the ship along the operational waterline with a margin of up and down about 2-3 meters in such a way as to provide 3-5 steps for breaking ice of a given thickness (from 1 up to 4.5 meters) depending on the main placements, displacement and power of the main power plant. That is, for ships and ships with a displacement of 2,000 to 5,000 tons, this is about 2 meters; for ships with a displacement of 10,000 to 100,000 tons, this is from 3 to 5 meters of ice thickness in height.

Thus, the combination of two design solutions in a broader sense than the use of a ready-made solution on ships of a displacement close to the prototype for Pomor-class frigates with stepped attachments, namely, the use of a parametric approach to choosing the number, dimensions and slope of ice-breaking steps, will allow greatly increase the efficiency of ships and vessels with a planar hull geometry in conjunction with the ideology of special ice steps applied to it.

Claims (2)

1. Icebreaking surface ship, made on the basis of a planar hull, consisting of a set of planar planes of hull structures of the outer skin of the ship's hull, forming a trimaran shape of the ship's hull, symmetrical on both sides, characterized in that additionally on at least one stem of the ship are made symmetrically relative to the center plane of the ship, at least two straight steps, where the length, width and height of the step depends on the length, width and draft of the corresponding type of ship, while these steps are located above and below the service waterline. 2. The ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope of the icebreaking steps is from 25.6 to 7.2 degrees relative to the operating waterline.