RU2801878C1 - Cycle air heating system in air cleaning device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to gas turbine technologies and can be used for creation of new and reconstruction of existing installations and machine complexes, where gas turbine engines (GTE) of an aircraft or other type are used as a power drive, for example, gas compressor units (GPA) of compressor stations on main gas pipelines. The cycle air heating system in the air-cleaning device contains an upper module with a tent-type protective cap with filter elements installed in racks on opposite sides and forming a clean chamber and a heated air supply system. The heated air supply system in the air cleaning device contains a common pipeline, a tee, noise suppressors, collectors and vertical racks of the heated air supply device located inside each service chamber.

EFFECT: elimination of icing of filter elements when air is supplied to the gas turbine inlet to increase its efficiency.

10 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering for gas turbine technologies and can be used in the creation of new and reconstruction of existing installations and machine complexes, where GTE-gas turbine engines of an aircraft or other type are used as a power drive, for example, gas compressor units (GPA) of compressor stations on main gas pipelines .

Known air-cleaning device in the air supply systems of gas turbine engines of the GPA drive, containing grouped in blocks and fixed on the outer faces of the carrier housing perpendicular to it in several tiers, first-stage filters, consisting of multicyclones, receiving chambers and dust collectors; blocks of air filters of the second stage, placed inside the case; a means of protecting filters from direct ingress of precipitation in the form of a visor; an icing prevention system, as well as a system for removing dust accumulating in the filter dust collectors (V. Bududsov et al. "High-efficiency air-cleaning devices for gas turbines", gas turbine technologies, No. 4, 2000, p. 39).

The disadvantage of the known air-cleaning device is that the flow part has a prismatic shape, which, with almost uniform air flow into the flow part along its height, does not provide optimal aerodynamic characteristics of the flow part. In addition, the known air-cleaning device has large dimensions and weight, causing high labor intensity and manufacturing costs, transportation costs to the place of application, material consumption, labor intensity and cost of building support structures, foundations for them and the cost of installation.

Protecting the filters from atmospheric precipitation with the help of visors when they are operated in the intake air flow or simply in the wind is ineffective, since the flow rate depends on the amount of air passing through the air intake cross-sectional area. This negatively affects the durability of the filter elements, increases the tendency to icing of the elements of the flow part of the device.

The anti-icing system of the known air-cleaning device, due to its branching and operating conditions in an unorganized air flow, requires a significant amount of hot air taken from the compressor of a gas turbine engine to ensure the performance of its functions, which significantly affects its efficiency, and consequently, the efficiency of the GPU.

An air-cleaning device is known according to the RF patent for the invention No. 2263806, IPC F02C 7/052, publ. November 10, 2005

This air-cleaning device contains blocks of air filters grouped into modules and fixed in the upper module, a means of protecting air filters from direct ingress of atmospheric precipitation, in the form of a tent-type protective cap,

Flaws:

- non-technological design,

- high weight and metal consumption due to the large thickness of the sheets,

- the presence of a silencer in the gas-air path, the details of which, when destroyed, enter the gas turbine engine (gas turbine engine) and destroy the fan.

An air-cleaning device is known, according to the RF patent for the invention No. 2727735, IPC F02C 7/152, publ. 07/23/2020, prototype.

This device contains blocks of air filters grouped into modules and fixed in the upper module, a means of protecting air filters from direct ingress of atmospheric precipitation, in the form of a tent-type protective cap, all modules are made in the form of rectangular prisms containing side walls with inner and outer skins, assembled on rectangular frames. The entrance of the purified air is carried out in a clean chamber through the filter elements.

Flaws:

Uneven flow of air from the clean chamber of the air-cleaning device to the inlet to the gas turbine engine in case of crosswind or contamination of some of the filter elements, leading to a decrease in the efficiency (efficiency factor) of the gas turbine engine.

An increase in aerodynamic losses of air pressure at the inlet to the gas turbine engine due to the twisting of individual jets when they meet opposite more active air jets and, as a result, a decrease in the efficiency of the gas turbine engine.

The task of creating the invention: the elimination of icing of the filter elements when air is supplied to the inlet to the gas turbine engine to increase its efficiency.

Technical result achieved: elimination of icing of filter elements when air is supplied to the gas turbine inlet to increase its efficiency.

The solution to this problem was achieved in the cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device, which contains the upper module with a tent-type protective hood with filter elements installed in racks on opposite sides and forming a clean chamber and a heated air supply system, in that the heated air supply system in the air cleaning device The device contains a common pipeline, a tee, silencers, collectors and vertical heated air supply racks located inside each service chamber.

The clean chamber can be divided into two equal parts by a baffle running parallel to the filter elements.

Vertical racks of the heated air supply system may be located opposite each group of vertical rows of filter elements.

Vertical racks of the heated air supply system may be located opposite each vertical row of filter elements.

The vertical racks of the heated air supply system may contain nozzles in the form of holes located opposite each filter element in its center.

The vertical racks of the heated air supply system may contain nozzles in the form of holes located between the filter elements.

The vertical racks of the heated air supply system may contain nozzles in the form of holes located between groups of filter elements.

The vertical racks of the heated air supply system may contain nozzles configured to spray at an angle of 30 to 90° and located opposite each filter element in its center.

The vertical racks of the heated air supply system may contain nozzles configured to spray at an angle of 30 to 90° and located between the filter elements.

The vertical racks of the heated air supply system may contain nozzles configured to spray at an angle of 30 to 90° and located between the groups of filter elements.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1...9), where;

- in Fig. 1 - shows a general view of the air cleaning device, with its clean chamber,

- in Fig. 2 - section A-A of the air-cleaning device is shown, the first version without a partition,

- in Fig. 3 - section A-A of the air-cleaning device is shown, with its clean chamber, the second option with a partition,

- in Fig. 4 - the proposed air-cleaning device with vertical racks and spray holes is shown,

- in Fig. 5 shows the proposed air cleaning device with vertical racks and nozzles,

- in Fig. 6 shows a variant with the supply of heated air between the filter elements,

- in Fig. 7 shows a variant with the supply of heated air between groups of filter elements.

Drawings of pressure losses on filters 8 after warming up when installing nozzles against nozzles (Fig. 8) or between them (Fig. 9).

The following conventions are used in the description:

module 1,

bottom module 2,

air inlet 3,

gas turbine engine 4,

top module 5,

protective cap tent type 6,

clean chamber 7,

filter element 8,

frame 9,

service chamber 10,

heated air supply system 11,

common pipeline 12,

tee 13,

collectors - 14,

vertical posts 15,

silencer 16,

partition 17,

nozzles in the form of holes - sprayers 18,

spray nozzles 19,

spray line 20.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1…9.

In FIG. 1 shows the appearance of the air-cleaning device from above. In FIG. 2 shows the first version of the system. In the first version, the system contains module 1, lower module 2, air intake 3, gas turbine engine 4, upper module 5, tent-type protective cap 6, clean chamber 7, filter elements 8 installed in frame 9.

Between the tent-type protective cap 6 and the clean chamber 7, service chambers 10 are made on both sides, in which some elements of the heated air supply system 11 with vertical racks 15 are placed.

In FIG. 3 shows a system in which a baffle 17 is installed in a clean chamber 7 to reduce aerodynamic losses in the air cleaning device.

In the vertical racks 15, nozzles are made in the form of spray holes 18 (Fig. 4-7) or spray nozzles with a spray angle ϕ=30-90° (Fig. 4-7).

One of the most important characteristics of compressed air used in industry, food industry, medicine and other industries is humidity.

The most general definition is as follows: humidity is a measure that characterizes the content of water vapor in air (or other gas). This definition, of course, does not claim to be "science-intensive", but gives the physical concept of humidity.

To quantify the "moisture" of gases, the following characteristics are most often used:

• partial pressure of water vapor (p) - the pressure that water vapor, which is part of atmospheric or compressed air, would have if it alone occupied a volume equal to the volume of air at the same temperature. The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components of this mixture,

• relative humidity - is defined as the ratio of the actual humidity of the air to its maximum possible humidity, ie. Relative humidity indicates how much moisture is still missing for condensation to begin under given environmental conditions. More "scientific" is the following formulation: relative humidity is a value defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor (p) to the saturation vapor pressure at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage,

• dew point temperature (hoarfrost) is defined as the temperature at which the partial pressure of steam saturated with respect to water (ice) is equal to the partial pressure of water vapor in the characterized gas. Those. This is the temperature at which the condensation process begins. The practical meaning of the dew point is that it indicates the maximum amount of moisture that can be contained in the air at a given temperature. Indeed, the actual amount of water that can be held in a constant volume of air depends only on temperature. The concept of dew point is the most convenient technical parameter. Knowing the value of the dew point, we can safely say that the amount of moisture in a given volume of air will not exceed a certain value,

• Absolute humidity, defined as the mass content of water per unit volume of gas, is a value showing how much water vapor is contained in a given volume of air, this is the most general concept, it is expressed in g/m3. At very low gas humidity, such a parameter as moisture content is used, the unit of which is ppm (parts per million - parts per million). This is an absolute value that characterizes the number of water molecules per million molecules of the entire mixture. It does not depend on temperature or pressure. This is understandable, the number of water molecules cannot increase or decrease with changes in pressure and temperature.

Calculations for the inclusion of the cycle air supply system 11 can be made using the following method.

Dependences of saturated vapor pressure over a flat surface of water and ice on temperature, obtained theoretically on the basis of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and verified with the experimental data of many researchers, are recommended for meteorological practice by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO):

where p _sw is the saturation vapor pressure above a flat water surface (Pa); p _si - saturated vapor pressure over a flat ice surface (Pa); T - temperature (K).

The above formulas are valid for temperatures from 0 to 100°C (for p _sw ) and from -0 to -100°C (for p _si ). At the same time, WMO recommends the first formula for negative temperatures for supercooled water (up to -50°C).

Obviously, these formulas are quite cumbersome and inconvenient for practical work, so it is much more convenient to use ready-made data summarized in special tables in calculations. Below is one of these tables.

OPERATION OF THE CYCLE AIR HEATING SYSTEM IN THE AIR CLEANING DEVICE

When you turn on the GPA (gas compressor unit GTE) drive (Fig. 2), the air enters the GTE 4 (Fig. 1 and 2) from the atmosphere.

A variant with the use of partitions 17 (Fig. 3) is possible.

After the combustion of fuel in the gas turbine engine 4 and the operation of the turbine gas turbine engine 4 (not shown), the exhaust gases are released into the atmosphere.

In FIG. 4-7 show options with four rows of filter elements in different projections.

At temperatures below 0°C, the same indicators are measured, and if these indicators differ at negative ambient temperatures by more than 5%, the heated air supply is turned on and its flow rate is increased by the supply regulator until these indicators match.

The application of the invention allowed:

- ensure uniform air supply to the GTE inlet in winter by preventing the filter elements from freezing and thereby increasing its efficiency and the efficiency of the gas compressor unit,

- to simplify the assembly and repair of the air-cleaning device,

- reduce the weight and metal content of the modules of the gas compressor unit and its strength against external loads.

- reduce the consumption of heated air to a minimum, thereby increasing the efficiency of the gas turbine engine.

Claims (10)

1. Cycle air heating system in an air cleaning device, containing an upper module with a tent-type protective cap with filter elements installed in racks on opposite sides and forming a clean chamber and a heated air supply system, characterized in that the heated air supply system in the air cleaning device contains common piping, tee, mufflers, headers, and heated air supply vertical posts located inside each service chamber. 2. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clean chamber is divided into two equal parts by a partition that runs parallel to the filter elements. 3. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the heated air supply system are located opposite each group of vertical rows of filter elements. 4. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the heated air supply system are located opposite each vertical row of filter elements. 5. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the heated air supply system contain nozzles in the form of holes located opposite each filter element in its center. 6. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the heated air supply system contain nozzles in the form of holes located between the filter elements. 7. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the heated air supply system contain nozzles in the form of holes located between groups of filter elements. 8. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the heated air supply system contain nozzles that can be sprayed at an angle of 30 to 90 ° and located opposite each filter element in its center. 9. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the heated air supply system contain nozzles that can be sprayed at an angle of 30 to 90° and located between the filter elements. 10. Cycle air heating system in the air cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the heated air supply system contain nozzles that can be sprayed at an angle of 30 to 90° and located between groups of filter elements.

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